A 3 ½ BILLION YEAR SUCCESS STORY

• Discovered in the late 1600’s by Anton van Leeuwenhoek

• This discovery would not have been possible WITHOUT the invention of the

MICROSCOPE

BACTERIA

A microorganism is simply a very small organism that you cannot see with your naked eye

Single celled organisms

• Very small

• Need a microscope to see

• Can be found on most materials and surfaces

• Billions in your body right now

BACTERIA

Bacteria are prokaryotic -

which means they DO NOT have nucleus

Bacterial Cell

Three basic shapes Rod shaped called bacilli (buh-sill-eye) Round shaped called cocci (cox-eye) Spiral shaped

Bacilli

Cocci

Spiral

Bacterial Basic Shape

Wall structure Gram +

Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Clostridium, Bacillus Gram -

Neisseria meningitidis, Enterobacter Species, Pseudomonas, H. influenzae

Acid-fast Mycobacterium

Wall-less Mycoplasma

Unusual Obligate intracellular

Rickettsia, Chlamydia

Bacterial Classification

Bacteria in your mouth are more than all of the humans on Earth.

Major Structures of a Bacteria Cell

•Capsule

•Cell wall

•Ribosomes

•Nucleoid

•Flagella

•Pilli

•Cytoplasm

Capsule

keeps the cell from drying out and helps it stick to food or other cells

Major Structures of a Bacteria Cell

Cell wall

Thick outer covering that maintains the overall shape of the bacterial cell

Ribosomes

cell part where proteins are made

Ribosomes give the cytoplasm of bacteria a granular appearance in electron micrographs

Nucleoid

a ring made up of DNA

Flagella

a whip-like tail that some bacteria have for locomotion

Pilli

hollow hair-like structures made of protein

allows bacteria to attach to other cells.

Pilli-singular Pillus-plural

Cytoplasm

clear jelly-like material that makes up most of the cell

Friendly Bacteria

– Lactobacillus acidophilus– Used for turning milk into yogurt and to preserve

other dairy products

Pseudomonas putida

Cleans wastes from sewage water at water treatment plants

Streptomyces

Soil bacteria used to make streptomycin, an antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections

– Escherichia coli– Bacteria that live in your colon and small intestine.

Helps you digest your food every day.

HarmfulBacteria

Pathogen

What is a pathogen? Bacteria that make you sick

Why do they make you sick?

To get food they need to survive and reproduce

How do they make you sick?

They produce poisons (toxins) that result in fever, headache, vomiting, and diarrhea and destroy body tissue

Infections Infections Infections Infections

Infections

Infections

Alexander Fleming

Discovered Penicillin

Discovered penicillin from the mold Penicillium notatum in 1928

Kamal Chandra UpretiM.Pharm

Thanks ..