Presentation

on

Diabetes Awareness

Diabetes

A GLOBAL DISEASE

The prevalence of diabetes for all age-groups

worldwide was estimated to be 2.8% in 2000 and

4.4% in 2030.

The total number of people with diabetes is

projected to rise from 171 million in 2000 to 366

million in 2030.

Reference: Wild Sarah, Roglic Gojka et al,

Diabetes care, Volume 27, Number 5, May 2004

The 10 Countries Estimated to Have The Highest Numbers of

People with Diabetes in 2000 and 2030

List of countries with the highest numbers of estimated cases of diabetes for 2000 and and 2030.

Source: “Global Prevalence of Diabetes Estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030.”

Diabetes Care, Volume 27, No. 5, May 2004.

6th 5.2 million

5th 13.9 million

Diabetes in Pakistan

Pakistan is a South-Asian country with a population of

approximately 150 million.

Diabetes prevalence Pakistan is high: 12% of people above 25

years of age suffer from the condition and 10% have impaired glucose

tolerance (IGT).

Reference:Fatema Jawad,

Diabetes in Pakistan

According to a Diabetic Association of Pakistan

study into

•chronic complications

•Eye damage (retinopathy) affected 43% of the people,

•kidney disease (nephropathy) 17%, and

•nerve damage (neuropathy) 40%.

Reference:Fatema Jawad,

9th leading cause of death in world1

According to researchers having diabetes in middle age will short your life

by up to six years 2

50% of people with diabetes die of cardiovascular disease (primarily

heart disease and stroke).3

Neuropathy in the feet increases the chance of foot ulcers and eventual limb

amputation. 3

Impact of Diabetes

Source:

1.http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs310/en/index.html

2.By Rajan | Friday, March 4th, 2011, http://www.thehealthage.com/type-2-diabetes-middle-

age-reduce-life-years/0304/

3.http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs312/en/

After 15 years of diabetes, approximately 2% of people become blind, and

about 10% develop severe visual impairment.

10-20% of people with diabetes die of kidney failure.

Diabetic neuropathy affects up to 50% of people with diabetes.

Source:

1.http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs310/en/index.html

2.By Rajan | Friday, March 4th, 2011, http://www.thehealthage.com/type-2-diabetes-middle-

age-reduce-life-years/0304/

3.http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs312/en/

Impact of Diabetes

What is Diabetes?

Diabetes is a disease in which the body has a shortage of insulin, a

decreased ability to use insulin, or both. Insulin is a hormone that

allows glucose (sugar) to enter cells and be converted to energy. When

diabetes is not controlled, glucose and fats remain in the blood and,

over time, damage vital organs.

Source:

http://www.cdc.gov/chronicdisease/resources/publications/AAG/ddt.htm

Understanding

Diabetes Mellitus

After digestion, glucose passes into the bloodstream, where it is used by cells

for growth and energy.

For glucose to get into cells, insulin must be present.

When healthy people eat, the pancreas automatically produces the right

amount of insulin to move glucose from blood into our cells.

In Normal People

When People with diabetes eat, their pancreas either produces little or

no insulin, or their cells do not respond appropriately to the insulin that

is produced

In people with Diabetes

Glucose builds up in the blood, overflows into the urine, and passes out of

the body in urine

What are the Types of

Diabetes?

Types of Diabetes

Type 1 Diabetes

Type 1 diabetes also called juvenile or insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus

(IDDM). Type 1 diabetes can occur at any age, but it is most often diagnosed

in children, adolescents, or young adults.

Type 2 Diabetes

Type 2 diabetes develops when body does not respond correctly to insulin The

most common form of diabetes is type 2 diabetes.

It is also called Non-Insulin dependent Diabetes Mellitus(NIDDM)

Types of Diabetes

Gestational Diabetes

During pregnancy, hormonal changes can cause the body to be less sensitive

to the effect of insulin. These changes can lead to high blood sugar and

diabetes.

Types of Diabetes

Diabetes is often without symptoms in its early stages.

That’s the reason 40% of people with diabetes are unaware of their

disease.

Symptoms

• Frequent Urination

• Sudden weight Loss

• Blurry vision

• Numbness or tingling

• Increased Thirst

• Frequent Hunger

• Slow healing of infection

• Blindness

• Kidney failure

• Neuropathy (Numbness)

• Delayed healing of

infection

• Cardiovascular diseases

Complications

Diagnosis and Management of Diabetes

Mellitus

Early diagnosis can be accomplished through

relatively inexpensive blood testing.

Fasting blood sugar (FBS)

Measures blood glucose after you have

not eaten for at least 8 to 12 hours. It is

often the first test done to check for pre-

diabetes and diabetes.

2-hour postprandial blood

sugar

Measures blood glucose exactly 2

hours after eating a meal.

Early diagnosis can be accomplished through

relatively inexpensive blood testing.

• Random blood sugar (RBS)

Measures blood glucose regardless of

when you last ate.

Early diagnosis can be accomplished through

relatively inexpensive blood testing.

Oral glucose tolerance test

An oral glucose tolerance test is a series of

blood glucose measurements taken after you

drink a sweet liquid that contains glucose.

This test is commonly used to diagnose

diabetes that occurs during pregnancy

Early diagnosis can be accomplished through

relatively inexpensive blood testing.

Hemoglobin A1C Test

Glycated hemoglobin is a form of hemoglobin

which is measured primarily to identify the

average plasma glucose concentration over

prolonged periods (2-3 months) of time.

Reference:http://www.medicinen

et.com/hemoglobin_a1c_test/arti

cle.htm

Normal Sugar Level

Source:1.http://labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/glucose/tab/test

2.http://www.naturaldiabetics.com/blood-sugar-numbers/

GLUCOSE LEVEL INDICATIONFrom 70 to 99 mg/dL

(3.9 to 5.5 mmol/L)

Normal fasting glucose

From 100 to 125 mg/dL

(5.6 to 6.9 mmol/L)

Impaired fasting glucose

(pre-diabetes)

126 mg/dL (7.0 mmol/L) and aboveon more than one testing occasion

Diabetes

1 hour post-prandial: below 140

2 hours post-prandial: below 120

Normal blood sugar readings

1 hour post-prandial: below 180

2 hours post-prandial: below 140

For diabetics

Normal Sugar Level

Source:http://ygraph.com/chart/618

Once you’ve been diagnosed with

diabetes, there are many changes

and things you have to do in order

to keep your blood sugar level

steady and healthy. Steps to be

taken include:

• Meal planning

• Weight loss

• Exercise.

How to take care of yourself

Weight-Loss

Obesity increases insulin

resistance and can lead to

many cardiovascular and

other health problems.

Exercise

Exercise can take glucose

out of the blood for energy

during or after exercise,

which lowers the increased

glucose level.

&

Hypoglycaemia

Hyperglycaemia

Hyperglycaemia

Hyperglycaemia is an

excessively high level of glucose

in the blood, a feature of

untreated or inadequately

managed diabetes.

Hypoglycaemia

Hypoglycaemia is the low level of

glucose in the blood. This occurs

when a diabetic has injected too

much insulin, eaten too little food,

or has exercised without extra food.

Diabetes is a very complicated disease but it is

easy to diagnose.

Patients have to take care of themselves

and have to regularly check their

• Blood sugar levels,

• Follow the medicines

• and diet plan as suggested by physician.

CONCLUSION :

Any Question……? :