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Common diseases of cattle - in pathology view (in India)
Dr.Pavulraj. SM.V.Sc., Scholar(NRCE)Division of Pathology
Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly,
U.P., India
1Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023
List of common diseasesBacterial diseases• Tuberculosis• Paratuberculosis• Brucellosis • Hemorrhagic septicemia• Joint ill/ naval ill/ omphalitisViral diseases• Foot and mouth diseases• Infectious bovine rhino tracheitis• RinderpestHaemoprotozoan disease• Theileriosis Parasitic disease• Fascioliasis
2Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023
Tuberculosis
• Chronic bacterial disease of animal • Caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis,
M.bovis• Characterized by presence of tubercle nodules
in lungs, spleen, lymphnodes
3Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023
Granuloma in the lungs
4Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023
Consolidation of lung
5Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023
Tuberculous granuloma in the mediastinal lymph node
6Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023
Nodules of tubercle present in lung containing cheesy mass
7Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023
Granulomatous lesion in LN, liver, intestine
8Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023
Spleen- Caseous nodules on the surface
9Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023
TB- Nodules on the diaphragm, liver and spleen
10Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023
Tubercle in pleura, masentry, peritoneum – pearl’s disease
11Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023
Uterus -Endometrium contains numerous raised tubercles
12Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023
TB- Mastitis and granuloma in the bone marrow
13Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023
Differential diagnosis
• Lung abscesses • Pleurisy and pericarditis - traumatic reticulitis • Contagious bovine pleuro pneumonia
14Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023
Paratuberculosis
• A chronic bacterial disease of bovine, ovine and caprine
• Caused by Mycobacterium avium sub sp. paratuberculosis
• Characterized by dehydration, emaciation, chronic diarrrhoea and thickening of intestine - corrugations
15Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023
Emaciation and cachexia
16Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023
Mesenteric lymph nodes enlarged
17Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023
Thickened, edematous ileum and distended lymphatics on the serosal surface
18Dr.Pavulraj.S, (copy right protected) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023
Thickening of intestine wall
19Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023
Presence of corrugations
20Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023
Corrugations can’t be removed even after stretching of intestine wall – look like brain
21Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023
Differential diagnosis
• Parasitism• Malnutrition
22Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023
Brucellosis
• It is a infectious bacterial disease of animals• Characterized by abortion in late gestation and
formation of granulomatous lesions in genital organs, joints, fetal liver and indurations of mammary glands
• Caused by Brucella abortus in cattle
23Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023
Necrosis of cotyledons
yellowish granular necrotic areas in cotyledons and chorion is opaque and thickened with a leathery consistency. Called leathery placenta.
Edematous placenta
24Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023
Edema of fetus, serosanguinous fluid in body cavities
25Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023
Pneumonia and necrotic foci in liver of fetus
26Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023
Enlarged scrotum in males
27Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023
Orchitis
28Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023
Hygroma
29Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023
Differential diagnosis
• IBR• Vibriosis• Leptospirosis• Trichomoniasis• Nutritional and physiological causes
30Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023
Hemorrhagic septicemia
• Highly contagious bacterial disease of bovine• Characterized by edematous swelling in neck
region, pneumonia and wide spread of hemorrhage in visceral organs
• Caused by Pasteurella multocida
31Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023
Edema of neck and brisket region
32Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023
Subcutaneous edema
33Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023
Serosanguinous fluid in peritoneal, pleural and pericardial cavity
Serosanguinous fluid in pericardial cavity
34Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023
Epicardial hemorrhages
35Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023
HS- Petechial on the Heart and Lung
36Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023
Pneumonia
37Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023
Lungs – congested and consolidated – marbling
- Fibrinous bronchopneumonia38Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc.,
Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023
HS- Hemorrhage on the serosal surface
39Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023
Hemorrhagic gastro-enteritis
40Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023
HS- Chronic cases- Necrotic patch on the liver
41Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023
Hemorrhage - Brain
42Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023
Differential diagnosis
• Anthrax • Blackleg • Acute leptospirosis• Rinderpest
43Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023
Foot and mouth
• It is a contagious viral disease of cloven footed animals
• Caused by Picorna virus• Characterized by presence of vesicles in oral
mucosa and foot
44Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023
FMD: Mouth lesions
45Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023
Ruptured vesicle in gum
46Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023
Vesicles causing extensive erosion in mouth
47Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023
Infected FMD lesion - tongue
48Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023
Ulceration of tongue
49Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023
Rupture of vesicle leading to necrotic area in feet
50Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023
Vesicle on teat
51Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023
Ruptured vesicle in the teat
52Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023
Erosions on the ruminal mucosa
53Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023
Tigroid appearance - Degeneration and necrosis in myocardium
54Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023
Differential diagnosis
• Vesicular stomatitis• Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis• Malignant catarrhal fever• Bovine viral diarrhea• Rinderpest
55Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023
Infectious bovine rhino tracheitis
• Infectious viral disease of cattle• Caused by Herpes virus• Characterized by conjunctivitis, hemorrhagic
tracheitis, encephalitis in calves and abortion and mastitis in cows
56Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023
Congested mucus membrane
57Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023
Purulent oculo-nasal discharge
58Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023
Necrotic white plaques in nasal mucosaNecrotic plaques on the mucosa and
mucocutaneous junction
59Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023
Multifocal white plaques - palpebral conjunctiva
60Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023
Hemorrhagic laryngotracheitis
61Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023
Rhinotracheitis, mucopurulent exudate in trachea
Nasal septum necrosis
62Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023
Pustules in vulva/vagina, glans penis and prepuce
63Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023
Necrotic lesion in liver of aborted fetus
64Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023
Differential diagnosis
• Shipping Fever • Malignant Catarrhal Fever • Pinkeye • Mucosal Disease
65Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023
Rinderpest
• Is a acute contagious viral disease caused by Morbilli virus
• Characterized by erosive mouth lesions and hemorrhagic enteritis
• Has been eradicated from India (25 -06-2006)
66Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023
• Salivation: excessive & frothy
• Serous oculonasal discharge
67Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023
Conjunctivitis
68Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023
Necrosis and erosion of the gum above the dental pad and inside the upper lip
69Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023
Erosions in the inside of the upper lip
70Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023
Ulcer on lower lip
71Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023
Necrotic Peyer's patches
72Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023
Rectum - Hyperemia of the longitudinal folds (zebra striping)
73Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023
Zebra marking in large intestine
Some time petechial hemorrhage in bladder, vagina and other mucous membrane 74Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc.,
Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023
Differential diagnosis
• Mucosal disease• Malignant catarrhal fever• Foot and mouth disease
75Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023
Theileriosis
• Infectious disease of animal caused by haemoprotozoan parasite
• Characterized by enlargement of lymph nodes, pulmonary edema, hemorrhage in kidneys and liver, ulcers in abomasum and catarrhal enteritis
• Etiology – Theileria annulata
76Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023
Lymph node enlargement
77Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023
Enlarged and hemorrhagic lymph nodes
78Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023
Abomasal ulcers
79Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023
Swollen edematous lungs & interstitial pneumonia
80Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023
Other lesions
• Enlarged and mottled liver • Infarcts, thrombosis and lymphoid
hypertrophy in spleen • Hemorrhagic and ulcerative enteritis
81Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023
Differential diagnosis
• Hemorrhagic septicemia• Babesiosis • Malignant catarrhal fever
82Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023
Fascioliasis
• Fascioliasis is caused by different liver flukes(Trematode)
• Etiology – Fasciola gigantica – Fasciola hepatica – Fasciola magna - one of the largest of flukes
83Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023
• Emaciated, anemic or edematous carcass in severe chronic infestations
• Presence of flukes in enlarged and thickened bile ducts and in the liver parenchyma
• Hepatic abscesses and secondary bacterial infection
• Calcification of bile ducts • Hemorrhagic tracts of migratory immature flukes
in the liver and some time lungs in an acute infestation
• Icterus due to liver damage
84Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023
Submandibular edema
85Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023
Flukes in bile ducts and liver parenchyma
86Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023
Thickening of bile duct
87Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023
Young fluke of Fasciola magna
88Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023
Joint ill/ naval ill/ omphalitis
• Infectious disease of newborn animal• Infection start at umbilicus and spread to joints• Characterized by swelling of umblilicus & joints
and drainage of pus• Caused by– E.coli– Staphylococcus sp.,– Actinomyces pyogenes
89Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023
• Seen in colostrum denied young calves• Infection of umbilicus lead to omphalitis &
cystitis• Bacterial infection produce bacteremia and
infect joints leading to arthritis• Abscess formation and congestion of visceral
organs
90Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023
Swelling of umbilicus
91Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023
Swelling of the joints
Septic arthritis involving the distal limb, fetlocks and pastern joints in all limbs
92Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023
Discharge of pus from the joints
Large fibrin clots in the carpal joint Edematous, hyperemicsynovial membrane
93Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023
Liver abscess
94Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023
Grey foci in renal cortex and hemorrhage in medulla
95Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023
Differential diagnosis
• Hematoma – contain blood• Umbilical hernia – hernial ring, sac, contents• Patent urachus – retention of urine
96Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023
Wednesday, May 3, 2023 Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), India 97
Thank youFor your kind attention and
reading. Be the best and proud to be a ‘Great
Veterinarian’
References
• Color atlas of diseases and disorders of cattle -Roger W.Blowey• Rebhun’s Disease of dairy cattle -Thomas J.Divers • Veterinary pathology -RS Chauhan• http://compepid.tuskegee.edu• http://www.fao.org
98Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023