_____________ is a protein that may be included in testing

for neural tube defects in prenatal

screening.1a

A1-FETOPROTEIN

1b

2a

Abnormal CSF protein bands located in the gamma region on electrophoresis are referredto as ______________, and are indicative of_____________.

2b

Oligoclonal bands; multiple sclerosis

3a

Define acute phase reactant

3b

Nonspecific response to inflammation that includes elevationof certain plasma proteins and decrease of others due to cytokine production

4a

DEFINE AN AMPHOLYTE

4b

Ionized molecule with coexistent negative

and positive charges. Proteins and amino

acids are examples of ampholytes.

5a

Descibe albumin

migration during

electrophoresis

5b

At pH 8.6, the direction in which albumin migrates is determined by the ionization of the carboxyl groups. This yields a net negative charge and the albumin migrates towards the anode

6a

Describe amino acids at a low pH.

6b

At low pH, an amino acid is in its cationic

form with both its amino and

carboxyl groups protonated

7a

Describe the clinical

significance of prealbumin.

7b

It is often used to asses a patient's

nutritional statua

8a

Describe the effect that

hemolysis would have on serum

protein.

8b

Hemoglobin would increase

the serum protein level

9a

A heavy distinct band located in the beta-

gamma region of serum protein electrophoresis

indicates______________.

9b

A monoclonal protein

10a

How are amino acids synthesized?

10b

Amino acids are formed by specific triplet codons that are specified by DNA. They are then transcribed into messenger RNA where they are then translated into amino acids. The amino acids are joined together by peptide bonds to forma protein.

11a

How is an infant's IgG

concentration different from

an adult's?

11b

Infants have a lower IgG concentration

relative to a normal adult concentration

of IgG

12a

If a patient has biliary cirrhosis, which

globulin fraction will be most elevated on

serum protein electrophoresis?

12b

GAMMA

13a

In nephrotic syndrom, what

happens to total protein and

albumin levels?

13b

They decrease as they are

excreted in the urine

14a

In vivo, what is

complement responsible

for?

14b

Phagocytosis of infectious agents

15a

Is haptoglobin normally

increased or decreased in

hemolytic disorders?

15b

DECREASED

16a

Maple syrup urine disease is

caused by a defect in ______?

16b

Branched chain keto- acid decarboxylase

17a

The migration rate of proteins

on cellulose acetate is based

on .

17b

THE IONIC CHARGE

18a

Name some examples of

fibrous proteins.

18b

■ Collagen■ Troponin■ Myosin■ Fibrinogen

Fibrous proteins are involved in construction of connective tissue, tendons, bone matrix, and muscle fiber

19a

Name the plasma protein that

demonstrates an increased

concentration in iron deficiency

anemia.

is less saturated with iron 19b

TransferrinTransferrin reversibly binds and transports iron and copper. In cases of iron deficiency, transferrin levels are increased, but the protein

levels of CSF protein.

20a

Name two methods that are commonly used to detect

low

binding method 20b

Turbidimetric methods and the

Coomassie Brilliant Blue dye-

phase response.

21a

Name two plasma proteins that

decrease in the acute

21b

Albumin and transferrin

of migration?

22a

On cellulose acetate electrophoresis at pH 8.6, what is the order

gamma globulin 22b

Albumin, alpha-1 globulin, alpha-2

globulin, beta globulin,

23a

Serum protein analysis via the biuret method is dependent upon

.

23b

the number of peptide bonds

24a

What causes the hyperproteinemia commonly seen in

Waldenstrom's macroglobulinem

ia?

24b

INCREASE IN IGM

25a

What causes the hyperproteinemia commonly seen in multiple myeloma?

25b

An increase in one of the

immunoglobulins which is usually

IgG

26a

What element is found in protein but not in lipids

or carbohydrates?

26b

NITROGEN

27a

What is a distinguishing

feature of Bence Jones

protein?

27b

It is soluble at 100 degrees celsius

28a

What is an A:G ratio?

28b

It is the ratio of albumin to globulinsNormal ratio is 1:18

but this is reversed in monoclonal

gammopathies

29a

What is ceruloplasmin?

29b

It is the primary copper- containing protein in plasma.

Decreased levels are common in Wilson's

disease.

30a

What is considered a normal pH in the body? At what charge does a

protein carry in the body at normal pH?

30b

Normal pH is 7.4 Proteins

carry a negative

charge at this pH

31a

What is required of a protein

before it can be analyzed by the biuret method?

31b

A minimum of two peptide bonds

32a

What is the charge of a

protein at a pH between 7.37 to

7.47?

32b

NEGATIVELY CHARGED

33a

What is the effect of a low total protein?

33b

Water leaves the blood vessels, goes into the tissues and

causes edema

34a

What is the main function of albumin?

34b

It regulates colloidal oncotic pressure. Low albumin results in edema. Albumin plays a role in binding and transporting various substances in the blood

35a

What is the most common method

for measuring total SERUM

protein?

35b

Biuret method Cupric ions react with peptide bonds at an alkaline pH producing a

colored complex

36a

What is the name of the reference method for protein determinationthat converts nitrogen to ammonium ions by acid digestion?

36b

KJELDAHL METHOD

37a

What is the waste product

of protein catabolism?

37b

Urea which is excreted in the urine

38a

WHAT IS TRANSFERRIN?

38b

It is a protein that is associated

with the transport of ferric ions

39a

What is Wilson's disease?

39b

Wilson's disease is a copper-binding

disorder that results from decreased ceruloplasmin

40a

What is Wilson's disease?

40b

It is an inherited disorder of copper

metabolism Copper is distributed in the

skin, liver, and brain

41a

What will cause an increase in

albumin levels?

41b

DEHYDRATION

42a

Where are proteins synthesized?

42b

Proteins are synthesized in the liver.The exception are the y- globulins (IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, and IgE). These are synthesized in plasma cells.

43a

Which protein has the highest

dye- binding capacity?

43b

ALBUMIN

44a

Which serum protein fraction will be most elevated in a patient

with nephrotic syndrome?

44b

ALPHA-2 GLOBULIN

45a

Which stage of protein structure involves the folding of the polypeptide in three dimensions and the formation of hydrogen bonds, and van der Waals forces?

45b

TERTIARY STRUCTURE