From movement therapy to sport

possibilities and limitations of different approaches in

psychosocial health promotion in context of violence and

conflict

ISD

PA

Pow

erofSport S

umm

it, Boston, 10-12 June

2010

Dr. Clemens LeyInterdisciplinary Centre of Excellence forSports Science and Development (ICESSD)

University of the Western Cape, South Africa

Movement, games and sport in psychosocial health intervention

- Interest from Psychotherapy to work with body and movement-centred methods in context of violence and conflict

(e.g. Joachim, 2006; Koop, 2000)

- Integrative Trauma Therapy in post-conflict context or with refugees (e.g. Abdallah-Steinkopff, 2001; Callaghan, 1993; Endel, 1996; Gray, 2001; Koch, & Weidinger, 2009; Koop, 2000; Schaeffer, 2004; Suchanek, 2003)

- Sport and Movement Therapy in context of conflict and violence or trauma related (e.g. Akhundov, 1999; Harris, 2007; Kalksma-Van Lith, 2007; Karcher, 1996, 2000; Ley, 2009; Petzold, 1999; Wertheim-Cahen,

Euwema & Nabarro, 2005)

- Sport in context of conflict and violence (e.g. Armstrong, 2004; Gasser & Levinsen, 2004; Keim, 2003; Kunz, 2009; Sugden, 2006)

or trauma related (e.g. Colliard & Baggio, 2007; Grassrootsoccer, 2007; Henley, Schweizer, de Gara, & Vetter, 2007; Henley, 2005; ICSSPE, 2008)

Immediate effecte.g. physical and

metabolic adaptation

Mediate effecte.g. vehicle of

Education, therapy, etc.

Holistic effecte.g. unity of spirit,

mind and body.

Different types of effects of movement, games and sport

(Nitsch & Nitsch, 1979; Knobloch, 2001)

Different approaches

(Hölter 1993; Ley, 2007)

Psychological orientation

Functional / physical orientation

Pedagogical – social

orientation

Medical orientation

Movement, gamesand sport in health

intervention

Psychomotor Therapy

Psychomotor education

Sport medicine Physical education

Physiotherapy Therapeutic Swimming

Hydrotherapy

Dance Movement Therapy

Therapeutic recreation

Movement Psychotherapy

Combining verbal and non-verbal tools in psychosocial

health promotion- Varity of tools: sport, small games, dynamics, participatory tools, dance, relaxation exercises, body awareness exercises, verbal reflection, group discussion, mutual support, sociodrama, …- In ‘movement’: physical, emotional & social- Participatory, active & creative - Observation of body in movement and interaction- Safe and protected space to experiment and learn- Starting from their experiences- Resource orientated- Facilitation of meaningful life-experiences- Making awareness of experiences and action

Significant Life

experiences

Resources, protective factors (social, cognitive,

psychological, physical)

Risk factors, stressors (social, cognitive,

psychological, physical)

Sense of Coherence

(SOC)

Stress management

Health-ease Dis-easecontinuum

State of tension

Cus

hion

Enf

orce

/ in

crea

se

Faci

litat

e

MOVEMENT, GAMES AND SPORTS(Bös & Brehm, 2006; Hölter, 2001; Huber, 2004; Ley, 2003; et al.)

Conception Realization Evaluation

CONCEPTION / PLANNINGImpairment(Structure and

function)

Capacities and limitations on activities and participation

Objectives of movement, games and sport program

Physical and psychological wounds as direct impact of physical, psychological, sexual or patrimonial violence

Physical (activities) Physical- Insecurity in movement and coordination- Tiredness and exhaustion, low performance- Physical weakness, psychosomatic illness- Limited body perception and sensitiveness

- Coordination- Body perception- Reduce somatic pains- Relaxation

Psychosocial (participation) Psychosocial and educative- Low self-esteem / attribution of culpability- Feeling of impotence regarding the violence, impunity and own situation- Few creativity and knowledge of alternatives- Avoiding of the problem.- Social isolation- Family and social disintegration- Spiritual and moral disillusionment

- Self-confidence- Integrity of the person- Positive attitude- Confidence and mutual support- Expression of opinion and feelings- Creativity and knowledge- Search for alternatives and solutions

(based on: Schüle & Schnieders, 2004)

Methodology of intervention: APM

REALISATION EVALUATIONMethods of movement, games and sports Qualitative techniques :

- Semi-structures interviews- Participatory group techniques- Participatory observation(Field notes y diaries)

Quantitative techniques:Questionnaire:- Orientation to Life (SOC)- Health locus of control- Subjective health status- Self-esteem scales - Q. about spirituality

Physical- Movements of middle-low intensity, intercalation of breaks, psycho-physiological regulation.- Stretching, mobilization- Exercises centered in the body and in body awareness- Relaxation exercises

Psychosocial and educative- Cooperative games, etc.- Movement tasks, drama, popular theatre, role games.- Adapted movements, games and sports - Positive support of positive and significant experiences- Techniques of mutual support and group therapy- Participatory group techniques

Methodology of intervention: APM