From movement therapy to sport
possibilities and limitations of different approaches in
psychosocial health promotion in context of violence and
conflict
ISD
PA
Pow
erofSport S
umm
it, Boston, 10-12 June
2010
Dr. Clemens LeyInterdisciplinary Centre of Excellence forSports Science and Development (ICESSD)
University of the Western Cape, South Africa
Movement, games and sport in psychosocial health intervention
- Interest from Psychotherapy to work with body and movement-centred methods in context of violence and conflict
(e.g. Joachim, 2006; Koop, 2000)
- Integrative Trauma Therapy in post-conflict context or with refugees (e.g. Abdallah-Steinkopff, 2001; Callaghan, 1993; Endel, 1996; Gray, 2001; Koch, & Weidinger, 2009; Koop, 2000; Schaeffer, 2004; Suchanek, 2003)
- Sport and Movement Therapy in context of conflict and violence or trauma related (e.g. Akhundov, 1999; Harris, 2007; Kalksma-Van Lith, 2007; Karcher, 1996, 2000; Ley, 2009; Petzold, 1999; Wertheim-Cahen,
Euwema & Nabarro, 2005)
- Sport in context of conflict and violence (e.g. Armstrong, 2004; Gasser & Levinsen, 2004; Keim, 2003; Kunz, 2009; Sugden, 2006)
or trauma related (e.g. Colliard & Baggio, 2007; Grassrootsoccer, 2007; Henley, Schweizer, de Gara, & Vetter, 2007; Henley, 2005; ICSSPE, 2008)
Immediate effecte.g. physical and
metabolic adaptation
Mediate effecte.g. vehicle of
Education, therapy, etc.
Holistic effecte.g. unity of spirit,
mind and body.
Different types of effects of movement, games and sport
(Nitsch & Nitsch, 1979; Knobloch, 2001)
Different approaches
(Hölter 1993; Ley, 2007)
Psychological orientation
Functional / physical orientation
Pedagogical – social
orientation
Medical orientation
Movement, gamesand sport in health
intervention
Psychomotor Therapy
Psychomotor education
Sport medicine Physical education
Physiotherapy Therapeutic Swimming
Hydrotherapy
Dance Movement Therapy
Therapeutic recreation
Movement Psychotherapy
Combining verbal and non-verbal tools in psychosocial
health promotion- Varity of tools: sport, small games, dynamics, participatory tools, dance, relaxation exercises, body awareness exercises, verbal reflection, group discussion, mutual support, sociodrama, …- In ‘movement’: physical, emotional & social- Participatory, active & creative - Observation of body in movement and interaction- Safe and protected space to experiment and learn- Starting from their experiences- Resource orientated- Facilitation of meaningful life-experiences- Making awareness of experiences and action
Significant Life
experiences
Resources, protective factors (social, cognitive,
psychological, physical)
Risk factors, stressors (social, cognitive,
psychological, physical)
Sense of Coherence
(SOC)
Stress management
Health-ease Dis-easecontinuum
State of tension
Cus
hion
Enf
orce
/ in
crea
se
Faci
litat
e
MOVEMENT, GAMES AND SPORTS(Bös & Brehm, 2006; Hölter, 2001; Huber, 2004; Ley, 2003; et al.)
Conception Realization Evaluation
CONCEPTION / PLANNINGImpairment(Structure and
function)
Capacities and limitations on activities and participation
Objectives of movement, games and sport program
Physical and psychological wounds as direct impact of physical, psychological, sexual or patrimonial violence
Physical (activities) Physical- Insecurity in movement and coordination- Tiredness and exhaustion, low performance- Physical weakness, psychosomatic illness- Limited body perception and sensitiveness
- Coordination- Body perception- Reduce somatic pains- Relaxation
Psychosocial (participation) Psychosocial and educative- Low self-esteem / attribution of culpability- Feeling of impotence regarding the violence, impunity and own situation- Few creativity and knowledge of alternatives- Avoiding of the problem.- Social isolation- Family and social disintegration- Spiritual and moral disillusionment
- Self-confidence- Integrity of the person- Positive attitude- Confidence and mutual support- Expression of opinion and feelings- Creativity and knowledge- Search for alternatives and solutions
(based on: Schüle & Schnieders, 2004)
Methodology of intervention: APM
REALISATION EVALUATIONMethods of movement, games and sports Qualitative techniques :
- Semi-structures interviews- Participatory group techniques- Participatory observation(Field notes y diaries)
Quantitative techniques:Questionnaire:- Orientation to Life (SOC)- Health locus of control- Subjective health status- Self-esteem scales - Q. about spirituality
Physical- Movements of middle-low intensity, intercalation of breaks, psycho-physiological regulation.- Stretching, mobilization- Exercises centered in the body and in body awareness- Relaxation exercises
Psychosocial and educative- Cooperative games, etc.- Movement tasks, drama, popular theatre, role games.- Adapted movements, games and sports - Positive support of positive and significant experiences- Techniques of mutual support and group therapy- Participatory group techniques
Methodology of intervention: APM