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Presented by,Soundarya VIII BDS
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF CARBOHYDRATE
METABOLISM
1) Textbook of Oral Pathology – Shafer's2) Textbook of biochemistry – Satyanarayana3) Textbook of general physiology –
Sembulingam4) Textbook of general pathology – Harsh
Mohan5) www.wikipedia.org
REFERENCES
GLYCOGEN STORAGE DISEASE
TYPE NAME ENZYME DEFECT ORGAN(s) INVOLVED
CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES
1 VON GIERKE’SDISEASE(TYPE 1 glycogenosis)
GLUCOSE 6-PHOSPHATESE
LIVER,KIDNEY,INTESTINE
GLYCOGEN ACCUMULATES IN HEPATOCYTES AND RENAL CELLS,ENLARGED LIVER AND KIDNEY,FASTING HYPOGLYCEMIA,LACTIC ACIDEMIA,HYPERLIPIDEMIA,KETOSIS,ARTHRITIS.
2 POMP’Sdisease
LYSOSOMAL alpha-1,4glyosidase(acid maltase)
All organs Glycogen accumulation in lysosomes in almost all the tissues, heart is mostly involved, enlarged liver and heart, nervous system is also affected, death can occurs at an early age due to heart failure.
3 Corie’s disease Amylo alpha-1,6-glucosidase
Liver, muscle,heart,leucocytes
Branched chain glycogen accumulates, liver enlarged, clinical manifestation are similar but milder compared to von gierke’s disease.
type NAME ENZYME DEFECT ORGAN(S) INVOLVE
CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES
4 ADESON’S DISEASES
Glucosyl 4-6 transferase
Most tissue Rare disease, glycogen with only few branches accumulate, cirrhosis of liver, impairment in liver function
5 McArdle’s DISEASE(type V glycogenosis)
Muscle glycogen phosphorylase
Skeletal muscle Muscle glycogen storage is very high, not available during exercise, muscle cramps, blood lactase and pyruvate do not increase after exercise, muscle may damage due to inadequate energy supply.
6 HER’S DISEASE Liver glycogen phosphorylase
liver Liver enlarged, liver glycogen can not form glucose, mild hypoglycemia and ketosis seen.
7 TARUI’S DISEASES
phosphofructokinase
Skeletal muscle,erythrocytes
Muscle cramps due to exercise, blood lactase not elevated ,hemolysis occurs.
Von Gierke’s disease
Von Gierke’s disease
Pompe’s Disease
Pompe’s disease
• Mucopolysaccharidoses results from the abnormal degradation of glycosaminoglycans such as dermatan sulfate, keratin sulfate resulting in organ accumulation and evental dysfuntion
Glycosaminoglycan are present normally as a component of cornea, cartilage, bone, connective tissues & RE system
Disturbances in carbohydrate metabolism
1. Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS)
Cause: deficiency of the catabolic enzymes required for the breakdown of glycosaminoglycan.
10 known enzyme deficiencies cause 6 distinct types of MPS
Transmission by autosomal recessive except for MPS type 2 which is X- linked.
MPS are progressive disorders characterized by involvement of multiple organ including brain , liver ,spleen , heart and blood vessel
Many are associated with coarse facial features , clouding of cornea and mental retardation
• 6 types of MPS Type 1 Hurler Syndrome, Hurler-Scheme
syndrome and Scheme syndrome.
Clinical Features
HURLER SYNDROME• It is a disturbance of mucopolysaccharide
metabolism
• Characterized by an elevated mucopolysaccharide excretion level in the urine
CLINICAL FEATURESProgressive corneal clouding is the classic manifestation of the disease as is hepatosplenomegali results in protuberant abdomen Head appears large Prominent forehead Broad saddle nose with wide nostrils Puffy eyelids with coarse bushy eyebrows Thick lips, large tongue, open mouth nasal congestion with noisy breathing
RAL MANIFESTAoooooooooooooTooijihION Consist of shortening and broadening of
mandible with prominent gonions Localized area of bone destruction in the jaw
which appear hyperplastic dental follicles with large pool of metachromatic material i.e muco polysaccharide
Teeth are small, wide space between two teeth Gingival hyperplasia
Histologic features• Excessive accumulation of intracellular
mucopolysaccharide in tissue and organs like liver, spleen, reticuloendothelial system, nervous system, cartilage , bone and heart.• Abnormal deposition are also found in fibroblast
appear as “clear” or “Gargoyle” cells.• Hurler cells are identified with Toluidine blue or
Alcian blue\Aldehyde fuschin stain.
Laboratory findings• Elevated level of mucopolysaccharides in
urine.• Metachromatic granules or Reilly bodies can
be seen in cytoplasm of circulating lymphocytes.
• Treatmen- no treatment for this disease.
THANK YOU