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Blood supply of the head and neck
ARTERIES OF THE HEAD AND NECK
Branches of the Arch of Aorta
1. Brachiocephalic artery - divides into right common carotid artery and right subclavian artery.
2. Left common carotid artery
3. Left subclavian artery
A. SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY
ORIGINRight:Brachiocephalic a.
Left:Arch of aorta
COURSESubclavian triangle
Beneath the clavicle up the level of the 1st rib
Terminates as the axillary a.
Branches of the Subclavian Artery:
1. Vertebral A. - enters the transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae enters the
foramen magnum into the cranial cavity.
2. Thyrocervical trunk. - supplies the thyroid, neck and scapular region
3. Internal Thoracic A. - supplies the mammary gland, anterior thoracic wall and diaphragm.
4. Costocervical trunk – gives off the deep cervical artery and supreme intercostal artery.
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B. COMMON CAROTID ARTERY
- The main arterial trunk which gives rise to branches that supply the head and neck.
- Enclosed in the carotid sheath found in the carotid triangle.
ORIGIN
Right : Brachiocephalic artery
Left: Arch of Aorta
COURSE
Ascends within the carotid sheathUp to the level of the upper border
of the thyroid cartilage
Divides into its to branches
At the bifurcation is a slight enlargement called carotid sinus
BRANCHES
1. Internal Carotid A.
2. External Carotid A.
C. INTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY
ORIGIN Commencement
Common Carotid Artery Upper border of the thyroid cartilage
Branches:
A. Cervical portion : no branches in the neck
B. Petrossal portion: Carotico-tympanic A. supplies the middle ear
C. Intracranial portion divides into: 1. anterior cerebral A. 2. middle cerebral A.
Caroticotympanic A.
D. EXTERNAL CAROTID A.
ORIGIN Commencement
Common Carotid Artery Upper border of the thyroid cartilage
TerminationBack of the neck of the mandible where it divides into superficial temporal a. and maxillary a.
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Branches of External Carotid A.:
Maxillary A.
Artery Further branches Tissues supplied
1. Superior Thyroid A. a. Infrahyoid A.
b. Superior laryngeal A.
c. Sternocleidomastoid A.
d. Cricothyroid A.
e. Terminal glandular branches
Hyoid bone
Larynx
SCM
Cricothyroid M.
Thyroid gland
2. Lingual A. a. Dorsal lingual branches
b. Sublingual A.
c. Deep A. of the tongue or profunda linguae A.
Tissues superior to the hyoid bone, including suprahyoid m. and floor of the mouth;
Tongue;
Artery Further branches Tissues supplied
3. Facial A. a. Cervical A. i. Ascending palatine ii. Tonsillar iii. Glandular branch to
submandibular gland iv. Submental a.
b. Facial A. i. Inferior labial a. ii. Superior labial a. iii. Lateral nasal a. iv. Angular a.
-Face in the oral, buccal, zygomatic, nasal , infraorbital, and orbital regions.-Soft palate, palatine m., palatine tonsils;-Submandibular lymph nodes, submandibular salivary glands, mylohyoid, digastric m.,-Muscles of facial expression
4. Occipital a. Medial and lateral branches SCM, meninges, mastoid, and ear.
5. Posterior Auricular a. a. Muscular a.b. Parotid a.c. Stylomastoid a.d. Terminal auricular a.e. Occipital a.
Internal ear and mastoid air cells
Artery Further branches Tissues supplied
6. Ascending pharyngeal a. i. Small Pharyngeal branches
ii. Meningeal branches
Pharyngeal walls soft palate, meninges of the brain
7. Superficial temporal a. i. Parotidii. Auricular,iii. Transverse facial, iv. Middle temporal,v. Zygomatic,vi. Anterior terminal,vii. Posterior terminal
branches
-Parotid duct;-Temporalis m.;-Portions of the scalp in the frontal and parietal regions
8. Maxillary a.
Branches of the Maxillary A.Major Branches Further Branches Tissues Supplied
Middle meningeal Anterior and posterior branches
Meninges of the brain and bones of skull
Inferior alveolar Mylohyoid, mental, and incisive
Mandibular teeth, floor of the mouth, and mental region
Deep temporal Temporalis m.
Pterygoid Lateral and medial pterygoid
Masseteric Masseter m. and TMJ
Buccal Buccinator m. and buccal region
Branches of the Maxillary A.Major Branches Further Branches Tissues Supplied
Posterior superior alveolar Posterior maxillary teeth, gums and mucous membrane and maxillary sinus
Infraorbital Orbital and anterior superior alveolar
Anterior part of cheek, upper eyelid, lacrimal gland, side of the nose, root of the upper lip
Descending palatine Lesser palatine Hard and soft palate, mucosa and glands; gingiva on the lingual surface of the upper alveolar process
Sphenopalatine Lateral nasal, septal, and nasopalatine
Nasal cavity , the adjacent sinuses and the pharynx
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VEINS OF THE HEAD AND NECK
A. Superficial Veins
1. External jugular vein
2. Anterior jugular vein
B. Deep Veins
1. Anterior facial vein
2. Internal jugular vein
3. Subclavian vein
Region or Tributaries Drained
Drainage Veins Major Veins
Meninges of the brain Middle meningeal Pterygoid plexus
Lesser scalp area Superficial temporal and posterior auricular
Retromandibular and external jugular
Frontal region Supratrochlear and supraorbital
Facial and ophthalmic
Orbital region Ophthalmic Cavernous sinus and pterygoid plexus
Superficial temporal and maxillary veins
Retromandibular vein External jugular
Upper lip area Superior labial Facial
Maxillary teeth Posterior superior alveolar Pterygoid plexus
Region or Tributaries Drained
Drainage Veins Major Veins
Lower lip areas Inferior labial Facial
Mandibular teeth and submental region
Inferior alveolar Pterygoid plexus
Submental region Submental Facial
Lingual and sublingual regions
Lingual Facial or internal jugular
Deep facial areas and posterior superior alveolar and inferior alveolar veins
Pterygoid plexus Maxillary
Pterygoid plexus of veins Maxillary Retromandibular
BLOOD TRACING