INTRODUCTORY INTRODUCTORY BIOCHEMISTRYBIOCHEMISTRY

BY- DR.ARMAAN SINGH

BEFORE BCH 400

After BCH 400

BCH 400 is heavy on content!!!

COME TO CLASS!!!!!!

TRY NOT TO FALL BEHIND!!

USE TOOLS TO MEMORIZE

Histidine?

Study in groups

PARTICIPATE IN THE CLICKER SYSTEM!!!

20 extra credit points!!

Feel Free to see me!My office hours are Tuedays from 2:00 to 3:00 PM

Or e-mail me for a private audience

WHAT IS BIOCHEMISTRY?

Biochemistry = chemistry of life.

Biochemists use physical and chemical principles to explain biology at the molecular level.

Basic principles of biochemistry are common to all living organism

HOW DOES BIOCHEMISTRY IMPACT YOU?Medicine

Agriculture

Industrial applications

Environmental applications

PRINCIPLE AREAS OF BIOCHEMISTRY

Structure and function of biological macromolecules

Metabolism – anabolic and catabolic processes.

Molecular Genetics – How life is replicated. Regulation of protein synthesis

LIFE BEFORE BIOCHEMISTRY

ONCE UPON A TIME, A LONG LONG TIME AGO…..Vitalism: idea that substances and processes

associated with living organisms did not behave according to the known laws of physics and chemistry

Evidence: 1) Only living things have a high degree of

complexity2) Only living things extract, transform and

utilize energy from their environment3) Only living things are capable of self

assembly and self replication

ORIGINS OF BIOCHEMISTRY: A CHALLENGE TO “VITALISM.”

Famous Dead Biochemist!

Fallacy #1: Biochemicals can only be produced by living organisms

•1828 Friedrich Wohler

•Dead Biochemist #1

FALLACY #2: COMPLEX BIOCONVERSION OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES REQUIRE LIVING MATTER

•1897 Eduard Buchner

Dead Biochemists #2

Glucose + Dead Yeast = Alcohol

FALLACY #2: COMPLEX BIOCONVERSION OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES REQUIRE LIVING MATTER

Emil Fischer

Dead Biochemists #3

Fallacy #2: Complex bioconversion of chemical

substances require living matter

Dead Biochemists #4

1926 J.B. Sumner

Findings of other famous dead biochemist

• 1944 Avery, MacLeod and McCarty identified DNA as information molecules

• 1953 Watson (still alive) and Crick proposed the structure of DNA

• 1958 Crick proposed the central dogma of biology

ORGANIZATION OF LIFE

elementssimple organic compounds (monomers)macromolecules (polymers)supramolecular structuresorganellescellstissuesorganisms

RANGE OF THE SIZES OF OBJECTS STUDIES BY BIOCHEMIST AND BIOLOGIST

1 angstrom = 0.1 nm

Most abundant, essential for all organisms: C, N, O, P, S, HLess abundant, essential for all organisms : Na, Mg, K, Ca, ClTrace levels, essential for all organism: Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, ZnTrace levels, essential for some organisms: V, Cr, Mo, B, Al, Ga, Sn, Si, As, Se, I,

ELEMENTS OF LIFE

IMPORTANT COMPOUNDS, FUNCTIONAL GROUPS

MANY IMPORTANT BIOMOLECULES ARE POLYMERS

p r o t e i n c o m p l e x

p r o t e i n s u b u n i t

a m i n o a c i d

m e m b r a n e

p h o s p h o l i p i d

f a t t y a c i d

c e ll w a ll

c e llu lo s e

g lu c o s e

c h r o m o s o m e

D N A

n u c l e o t i d emonomer

polymer

supramolecularstructure

lipids proteins carbo nucleic acids

LIPIDS

m e m b r a n e

p h o s p h o l i p i d

f a t t y a c i dmonomer

polymer

supramolecularstructure

PROTEINS

monomer

polymer

supramolecularstructure Enzyme complex

protein subunit

amino acid

CARBOHYDRATES

c e ll w a ll

c e llu lo s e

g lu c o s emonomer

polymer

supramolecularstructure

c h r o m a t i n

D N A

n u c l e o t i d emonomer

polymer

supramolecularstructure

NUCLEIC ACIDS

 

Common theme:

Monomers form polymers through condensations

Polymers are broken down through hydrolysis.

PROKARYOTE CELL

CELLULAR ORGANIZATION OF AN E. COLI CELL

200 – 300 mg protein / mL cytoplasm

EUKARYOTE CELL