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Revolution in Biological Sciences

Biochemistry becomes the heart of this

revolution.

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Designing Molecules

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Two factors for the contribution

Living matter obeys the same fundamental physical and

chemical laws that govern all matter. Powerful new research techniques are discovered.

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What is Biochemistry ?

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The study of the science of biological and chemical reactions

in a living cell.

The linkage between the biology and chemistry in a living

organisms

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Goals of Biochemistry

Describes the structure, organization, function ofcells in molecular terms.

Structural Chemistry

Metabolism

Molecular Genetics

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Roots of Biochemistry

Wohler's synthesis of urea

Buchners' fermentation of sugar from yeast extracts

Sumner's crystallization of urease

Flemming's discovery of chromosomes

Mendel's characterization of genes

Miescher's isolation of nucleic acids

Watson and Crick's structure of DNA

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Biochemistry as a Discipline and an

interdisciplinary science : Organic chemistry

Biophysics

Medical research Nutrition

Microbiology

Physiology

Cell biology

genetics

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Biochemistry as a Chemical Science

Amino acids

Sugars

Lipids

Nucleotides

Vitamins

Hormones

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Chemical Elements of Living Matter

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o og ca o ecu es

Monomers/Polymers Sugar/Polysaccharide Amino acid/Polypeptides

12Sugar/Polysaccharide

Amino acid/Polypeptides

Monomers/Polymers

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Biochemistry as a Biological Science

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Distinguishing Characteristics of Living Matter

Constant renewal of a highly ordered structureaccompanied by an increase in complexity of thatstructure

Overcoming entropy requires energy

Life is self-replicating

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Unit of Biological Organization: The CellProkaryotes (Table 1.2)

Eubacteria

Archaebacteria

Eukaryotes

(Compartmentalization of organelles)

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New Tools in the Biological Revolution

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The Uses of Biochemistry Agriculture

Medicine

Nutrition

Clinical Chemistry

Pharmacology

Toxicology

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