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GI Tract Functions

Airborne Diseases Due To Viruses

Presented To :- Sir. Shahroz Khan

Presented By :- Naveed Akhtar

Topic

What is an Air-Borne Disease

Airborne diseases are spread when droplets of pathogens are expelled into the air due to coughing, sneezing or talking.

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Chickenpox(Vericella)

Highly contagious skin disease

Primarily of children 2 to 7 years of age.

In USA 4 million died annually.

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Chickenpox(Vericella)

Causative agent is vecirella zooster.

Portal of entry is respiratory tract.

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Signs and symptoms

small vesicles erupt on the face

fill with pus, rupture, and become covered by scabs

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Treatment

Can be cured by vaccines (varicella vaccine)

Drug likeAcyclovir (Zovirax or Valtrex).

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Influenza

Respiratory disease

Caused by orthomyxovirus.

3 types based on antigen i.e A , B ,C.

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Influenza

Variation occurs in orthomyxo virus.

In china it is found in chicken & pigs.

Transferred to human as a cycle.

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Influenza

Ist epidemics in world was in 1580.

31 epidemics in various area of the world occurred.

The worst epidemics occur in 1981, 20 million people died.

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Influenza

Influenza ‘‘A’’ is much dangrous.

Sub types of ‘‘A’’ are H11N1 , H2N1 , H2N2.

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The number of known human pandemic deaths, are

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Name of pandemic Date Deaths

1889–1890 flu pandemic( Asiatic or Russian Flu)

1889–1890 1 million

1918 flu pandemic( Spanish flu)

1918–1920 20 to 100 million

Asian Flu 1957–1958 1 to 1.5 million

Hong Kong Flu 1968–1969 0.75 to 1 million

Russian flu 1977–1978 no accurate count

2009 flu pandemic 2009–2010 18,000

Symptoms

Cough and congestion Fever Headache Body Aches General malaise Sore throat

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Treatment

Antiviral drug (Amonotadine) , (Rimonotodine).

Zananivir

Osefloivir.

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Measles (Rubeola)

Rubeola: Latin word rubeus, red

Infection of the respiratory system.

Highly contagious and is spread by coughing and sneezing.

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Measles (Rubeola)

Causative agent is morbillivirus.

Potal of entry is respiratory tract & conjuctive of eyes.

Incubation period in 10 to 21 days.

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Signs and syptoms

First symptoms begin about the tenth day with:

Nasal discharge Cough Fever Headache Conjunctivitis.

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Treatment

No specific treatment is available for measles.

Measles vaccine (Attenuvax) or in combination (MMR vaccine; measles, mumps rubella) is recommended for all children.

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Next Slides will be presented by

Najeeb Ullah

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Mumps

well-known common childhood disease

Characterized by swelling of the parotid glands ,salivary glands and other epithelial tissues.

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Mumps

Primary agent is pavaryxoviridae.

It is a single strand RNA virus.

Portal of entry is respiratory tract.

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Symptoms

Swelling and inflammation of parathyroid gland.

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Treatment

Universal mumps vaccination were introduced in the United Kingdom in 1988.

MMR vaccine.

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Small pox

Some time dangerous…

Universally accepted for 300 years..

First reported by Edward jinner.

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Small pox

Agent is variola.

Portal of entry…. aerosal.

Single linear double stranded DNA.

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Symptoms

Common cold: fever of at least 38.5 °C (101 °F)

Backache

Headache

Nausea

Vomiting

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Treatment

No specific vaccines.

Attuneted vaccines are used..

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Thank you