A STUDY ON INCIDENCE OF AFLATOXIGENIC FUNGI AND AFLATOXIN CONTAMINATION

IN OIL SEEDS

Dr.Daxaben N. MehtaPrincipal

Smt.Sadguna C.U.Shah Home Science and C.U.Shah Arts & Commerce Mahila college

WADHWANCITY:363030

INTRODUCTION

AFLATOXIN - A Secondary Toxic Fungal Metabolite

A.flavus and A.parasiticus

Potent Hepatotoxic, Carcinogenic, Mutagenic

Peanut and Cotton - high risk substrates

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Samples of oil seeds

Parts of Surendranagar district

blotter test, agar plate and dilution plate method

Percentage of Incidence, Frequency and Abundance

Aflatoxin producing potentials - SMKY liquid medium

Culture filtrates and oilseeds -BGYF

RESULTSIncidence of Fungi

21 different fungi were isolated from the

samples of peanut, cotton, sesamum and

castor seeds. Amongst them

A.niger, A. flavus, other Aspergilli,

Penicillia, Rhizopus and Mucor species

were most frequently encountered

Myco floras of Peanut seeds Nine fungi isolated from peanut seeds

Were A.niger, A.flavus, Aspergillus sp.,

Penicillium sp., Mucor sp., Rhizopus sp.,

Fusarium moniliformae, Helminthosporium sp.

and Curvularia lunata.

Amongst these A.niger and Aspergillus sp.

were found in samples of all the localities.

Myco floras of Cotton Seeds Eleven fungi isolated from cotton seeds were A.niger, A.flavus, A.tamarii, A.ochraceus,

Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., Mucor sp.,

Rhizopus sp., Fusarium moniliformae,

Fusarium oxysporum, and Ustilago sp.,

amongst all A. flavus and Aspergillus sp.

were invariably found in all the samples

Myco floras of Castor Seeds

Seven fungi isolated from castor seeds were

A.niger, A.flavus, A. ochraceus,

A.candidus, Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp.,

Mucor sp. Amongst these A.niger, A. flavus,

Aspergillus sp. Penicillium sp., Mucor sp.

were recovered from all the samples.

Myco floras of Sesamum Seeds. Eighteen fungi isolated from sesamum seeds

include A. niger, A. flavus, A. tamarii, A. ochraceus,

Aspergillus sp., P.citrinum, P.expansum, Penicillium sp.,

Mucor sp., Rhizopus sp., F.solani, F. oxysporum,

F. moniliformae, Curvularia sp., Alternaria sp.,

Helminthosporium sp., Rhizoctonia solani and

Cladosporium sp. Amongst these A.niger and A. ochreceus were recovered from all the samples.

Aflatoxigenic Fungi Total 52 isolates of A. flavus and A. parasiticus

were recovered from oil seed samples

collected from different localities. Amongst these,

11 isolates were found to be toxigenic.

Peanut seeds amongst all four oil seeds

studied were found to have higher

aflatoxin producing potential .

Aflatoxin Content Four different types of oil seeds collected were

analyzed for their natural aflatoxin contamination.

Peanut seeds were found to have more aflatoxin

contents. Aflatoxin B1 , B2 , G1 and G2 were

recorded in peanut and sesamum seeds while only

B1 , B2 and G1 recorded from castor seeds. From

cotton seeds B1 along with G1 was recorded

Discussion

The type of fungi and the degree of contamination varied with the environmental conditions. The oil seeds were more infested than oil cakes. The screening of fungi from various oil seeds revealed that some fungi are toxigenic and may be a health hazard to livestock and in turn to man. Although some isolates were found to produce aflatoxin under cultural conditions, the production of aflatoxin under natural conditions is limited. This could be due to Unfavorable and changing conditions as well as the interactions of other micro-organisms may in turn affect the aflatoxin production.

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