Abstract Tarek Tawfik Amin

Professor of EpidemiologyFaculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt 

email: amin55@myway.com  orcid.org/0000-0003-2502-110X

Scopus ID:  Author ID: 23007746000

ResearcherID: E-6189-2012

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Abstract [stand alone section]The mirror of your paper

Reason to read Reason to cite

• General rules

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Statement of:- The question asked (present verb tense)- What was done to answer the question (past verb tense)

(Research design, population studied, independent and dependent or the outcome variables)

- Findings that answer the question (past verb tense) (Most important results and evidence (data) presented in a logical order).

- The answer to the question (present verb tense)

If useful, and where word limit allows, include:- One or two sentences of background information

(placed at the beginning)- An implication or a speculation based on the

answer (present verb tense, placed at the end)

Abstract details: (contents)

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Skeleton 1–Simple Abstract• One Paragraph: “We did. We saw. We

concluded.”Skeleton 2–Abstract with SubsectionsA. One or Two Sentence BACKGROUNDB. Two or Three Sentence METHODSC. Less Than Ten Sentence RESULTSD. One Sentence CONCLUSION

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• Write your Abstract in complete sentences, and don’t use technical abbreviations without their definitions.

• It is unusual to cite references in an Abstract.

• Try to write a lean Abstract. The Abstract should be bare—a short, plain paragraph listing your core findings and stating the one or two main points of your paper.

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• For the given papers check the structure of their abstract and keywords

Group work

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Abstract: additional guidance

1. Must be (Stand Alone). 2. Clear accurate recapitulation of

manuscript. (Zeiger, 1991). 3. Must not contain data which are not

included in the results.4. One or two paragraphs flow and not

collection of disjointed sentences. 5. Words should be simple, jargon avoided

and abbreviations omitted except for standard units of measurement and statistical terms.

6. Excessive detail (long lists of variables), large amounts of data or an excessive number of (p) values is not acceptable.

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Key Words

o Most journals require the author to identify three or four key words which represent the major concept of the paper.

o These are used for indexing purposes and must be selected from the Index Medicus Medical Subject Headings (MeSH).

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