1

DR. MD . SHAHADAT HOSSAIN

OBJECTIVE

WATER WORKS

POLICY OF BANGLADESH.

TOPICS COVERED 1. Idea about Bangladesh 2. Bangladesh Municipal Development Fund (BMDF)

3. Idea about Dhaka City 4. WATERWORKS POLICY :

vVarious policiesv Constraints v Recommendations

5. Visit Bangladesh 6. Conclusion

CC-WatSan-Health-Livelihood-Poverty

60-70% global impacts of climate change can 60-70% global impacts of climate change can be reflected in water. be reflected in water.

a. Too much watera. Too much waterb. Too little waterb. Too little waterc. Wrong type of waterc. Wrong type of waterd. Wrong timing of waterd. Wrong timing of water

CCHealth Livelihood

WatSan

Poverty

THE LINKAGE

Too much water Too little water Wrong type of water

Wrong timing of water

• Destroy sanitation system•Water pollution through pathogens• Mosquito breeding

• Poor sanitation • Saline water•Water polluted with fecal coli form

• Water logging• Vector (Virus)

HEALTH HAZARD

POVERTY INCREASED

•Flooding•Damage to crop,fisheries, LS

•No water for Crop, fisheries, LS

•Reduce productiondue to salinity

•Heavy rainfall in shorttime cause damage to crop• No rainfall during seedling, transplantation,tillering, pinnacle initiation stage

LOSS OF LIVELIHOOD

POVERTY INCREASED

FoodSecurity & Health

Sanita-tion &Health

1.IDEA ABOUT BANGLADESH

LANDS ARE 1. Exceedingly flat,2. Low-lying, and3. Subject to

annual flooding.

4. Much fertile,5. Alluvial soil is

deposited by the floodwaters.

A large part of Bangladesh is formed by the siltation process of three Rivers – Ganges ( Padma ). Bramaputra ( Jamuna )& Meghna.

The Complex River SystemsThe Complex River Systems

Water TowerWater Tower

Water SinkWater Sink

BANGLADESH

vBounded by India in the North and West;

vBy the Bay of Bengal in the South,

vBy part of India and Myanmar in the Eastern side.

vThe total area is 147,570 sq km (56,977 sq. miles).

v Thousands of tributaries with a total length of about 24,140 km. vRivers are connected to the Bay of Bengal.

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FISHERIES RESOURCES

PARTICULRS AREA PERCENT

1. Inland Open-waters : 4047316ha 84.75% (capture fishery)

2. Inland closed-water : 528390ha 15.25% (culture fishery)

TOTAL INLAND AREA : 4575706 HA 100.00% 3. Marine water :166,000 sq km

FISHERIES POTENINTIAL

1. Fisheries have huge potential

2. Have one of the highest man-water ratio in the world (at 20 persons per ha of water area)

3.Available sunlight & temperature through out the year.4.Water fertility is conducive to fish growth

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FISH AND FISHERIES

1. Are integral part of the life of BD.2. A natural complement in the diet of BD3. Supplies 58% of animal protein4. 13 Mn people are involved for livelihood5. 73% of rural household involved in freshwater

aquaculture and floodplains6. Fisheries contribute:

v 4.64% to the GDPv 23.00% to agricultural GDP, v 5.10% to foreign exchange earning

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INLAND OPEN-WATERS (CAPTURE FISHERY)

ENVIRONMENT WATER AREA (HA) PERCENT

i. Rivers and Estuaries 853,863 21.10%

ii. Sundarban (water resources

in forest)

177,700 4.38%

iii. Beel (deepest part of the floodplain)

114,161 2.82%

iv. Kaptai lake 68,800 1.70%

v. Floodplain 2,832,792 70.00%

TOTAL INLAND OPEN-WATERS 4,047,316 100%

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INLAND CLOSED-WATER (CULTURE FISHERY)

ENVIRONMENT WATER AREA (HA) PERCENT

i. Ponds and ditches

30 5,205 57.76%

II Baor (ox-bow lake

for hydro electricity generation)

5,488 1.04%

iii. Shrimp Farms (freshwater & Brackish water)

217,877

41.23%

TOTAL INLAND CLOSED-WATERS

528,390 100%

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MARINE WATERS

ENVIRONMENT WATER AREA

i. Coastal Area 2.30 million ha

ii. Coast line (along the Bay of Bengal)

710 km

iii. Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) 200-mile

TOTAL MARINE WATER (INCLUDING EEZ)

1 66,000 SQ KM

2. BANGLADESH MUNICIPAL DEVELOPMENT FUND (BMDF)

v A Govt. Owned Company. v Established in 1999 and registered in 2002

under the Companies Act, 1994.v Function: Under the M/o Finance v Purpose: Planned urban development v Governed: By a Board of Directorsv Chairperson: Secretary of LGDv Beneficiaries: The Urban Local Bodiesv Funding agency: GoB and devpt partners

ABOUT BMDF

1.Enhancement of income of ULBs & urbanities.

2.Strengthening institutional & functional capacity

of ULBs.

3.Raising the level of quality of works& services.

4 .Ensuring technical , managerial supports &

services

MISSIONMISSION

SECTORSSECTORS OF DEVELOPMENT OF DEVELOPMENT

1.Roads2.Drain 3.Box culverts 4. Street lights 5. Public toilets

6.Kitchen market7.Parks 8.Community center9.Office complex 10.Slaughter house11. Water supply

EFFORTS OF BMDF-COMMUNITY CENTRE

EFFORTS OF BMDF: URBAN ROADS

EFFORTS OF BMDF: WATER TREATMENT PLANT AT LAMAEFFORTS OF BMDF: WATER TREATMENT PLANT AT LAMA

EFFORTS OF BMDF: BOX CULVERT

EFFORTS OF BMDF: SURFACE DRAINS

3. IDEA ABOUT DHAKA CITY Capital city of Bangladesh Area : 1353 Sq km Pop :10 Mn

87 % groundwater 13 % rain water

Needed 150 liter (1/p/d)31.43 % people don’t have access to piped water .Hub: industrial, commercial ,cultural ,educational and political activities . Rain: Heavy rain fall 2540 mm annually bright sunshine ,warmTemp: Summer : 36.7c -21.1C Winter :31.7c – 10.oc

LANGUAGE MARTYRED MEMORY TOMB

SHAESTHA KHAN

AHSAN MANJIL

TOMB OF AK FAZLUL HAQUE, KHAZA NAZIMUDDIN , SHOORAWARTHY

DHAKA STANDS ON THE BANK OF THE RIVER BURUIGANGA

DHAKA SKYLINE

Dhanmondi Mohakhali

Purana Paltan

New EskatonParibagh

Flood -2004

WHO WORKS – WATER

1. Bangladesh Water Development Board 2. Local Government Engineering Department

3.Ministry of Fisheries4.Ministry of livestock5.Ministry of Roads & Highway6. International Waster Resources treaties

“WATER IS ECONOMIC RESOURCE AND PRICE TO CONVEY ITS SOCIETY VALUE”

• BD is a nation where agricultural production is the mainstay of the peoples livelihood - extrinsically linked to the nations water cycle .

WE HAVE WATER ABOVE& BELOW THE GROUND1. To drink 2. For irrigation3. Fish water 4. For transport

MANAGEMENT OF WATER

WISELY MANAGED:

1. Adequate harvest

2. Health prosperity

3. Peace and

4.A stable environment

BADLY MANAGED 1. 1.Poverty

2. Disease

3. Disaster

4. Degraded environment

5. Social conflict dispute

6. Even war

4.WATERWORKS POLICY :vVarious policiesv Constraints v Recommendations

(Pani means Water in Bangla.)

Pani committe – Water Committee.

POLICIES : 1.WATER SECTOR DEVELOPMENT -1947-19882.WATER SECTOR DEVELOPMENT – FLOOD ACTION PLAN (FAP)1986-19913. BANGLADESH WATER AND FLOOD MANAGEMENT STRATEGY(BWFMS)- 19954.NATIONAL MINOR IRRIGATION DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (NMIDP ) 1992.

5.INTERNATIONAL WATER RESOURCES TREATIES :FARAKKA BARAGE6. NATIONAL POLICY FOR SAFE WATER SUPPLY & SANITATION :1998

7.NATIONAL FISHERIES POLICY : 19988.STATE ACQUISITION AND TENANCY ACT -199.9.NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL POLICY -199910.ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION ACT-199511.NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY-1992

q Till 1947 no national scale govt-led Water Sector Development in BD.

q After Floods in 1954 and 1955 UN investigated water resources development .

q1959 East Pakistan Water Development Authority created.

q1964 a 20-year Water Master Plan … massive flood control , drainage ,construction of embankment & polders.

IMPACT- increased agricultural production.STARTED : Flood control ,Drainage , Irrigation .

1. WATER SECTOR DEVELOPMENT -1947-1988

1971 - independence –BWDB. IBRD -study – Land & Water Sector StudyRECOMMEND :

1. Minor irrigation in winter using low lift pump & tube wells

2. Flood control small scale low cost quick gestation in shallow flooded areas.

• 1974 BD hit by a severe flood- renewed urgency in flood control and drainage.

• -Govt of the Netherlands early implement project.

• WATER SECTOR DEVELOPMENT -1947-1988:

1983 – NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES COUNCIL was established as an inter Ministerial Body .

1986-NATIONAL WATER PLAN phase-1 was completed.

=Availability of water from various sources and projected future demand was completed .

1991-NATIONAL WATER PLAN phase -2 was completed =A huge number of planning model was completed .COUNTRY WAS DIVIDED INTO FIVE 1. North East 2. North West 3. South East 4. South West5. South Central

2.WATER SECTOR DEVELOPMENT – FLOOD ACTION PLAN (FAP)1986-1991

• Two severe floods – 1987 and 1988 – worst in living memory .

• At the peak covered 65 percent of the country .

• CAUSED –Severe infrastructural damage – Loss of crops – Deaths nearly 1700 people

• In July 1989 WB and GoB recommended – a integrated approach for flood mitigation for the next 20-30 years .

• Due to Military dictatorship this document was never debated in parliament nor accepted / implemented .

3. BANGLADESH WATER AND FLOOD MANAGEMENT STRATEGY(BWFMS)- 1995

1. Was approved by the GOB and endorsed for donor agencies.

2. It replaced about 80 failure projects which was started in 1992.

4.NATIONAL MINOR IRRIGATION DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (NMIDP ) 1992.

• Was launched by the Ministry of Agriculture with the principle objective of minor irrigation from a supply driven public sector to a demand driven private sector.

•

FARAKKA BARAGE• 1974- Farakka Barrage on the Ganges in India at about

20 km upstream from the Bangladesh border was completed.

• By directing Ganges water in to the Hooghly river for the stated purpose of improving navigability around Kolkata.

• BD took the issue to the UN General Assembly.• 1977- first agreement on Ganges water sharing –for five years .

• 1982 – a further MOU was signed, 1988- Elapsed.

• During this time India unilaterally diverted water through the Farakka Barage..

5.INTERNATIONAL WATER RESOURCES TREATIES :

FARAKKA BARAGE

• 1960- Negotiations started about sharing of Ganges water and sinning of INDUS WATER TREATY.

• 1951 – India decided to Construct barrage across the Ganges.

1974- CONSTRUCTION OF FARRAKKA BARRAGE COMPLETED:

• 7363 feet long barrage • Maximum discharge 27,00,000 cusecs • Head regulator for diversion capacity -40,000

cusecs

• 1975- India was allowed to divert flows varying from 11000 cusecs to 16000 cusecs for a period of 41 days from April 21 to May 31 .

• With this understanding India would not operate feeder canal until final agreement.

• Violating this understanding India Started diverting the Ganges water in the upstream region in 1976 and 1977.

• “Coupled with diversion of Farakka to the feeder canal means India has been withdrawing between 60,000 to 80,000 cusecs water from Ganges leaving a relatively low flow for Bangladesh in recent Years”

( India Today , 1997 ) .

• India has built 5 4 dams on various rivers and all of them diverts water in the dry season as the country of upstream .

DHAKA

DHAKA

CONSEQUENCES :BANGLADESH :1. Salinity has moved 280 KM upstream from the

coast of Bay of Bengal. 2. Salinity levels in the surface water has increased

from 500 umhs to 29000 umhs at Khulna at April, exceeding the safe limit by several times.

3. Ground water salinity has increased from 200 umhs to about 3000 umhs in the region during Farakka period.

4. Sunderban one of the worlds largest mangrove forest , is suffering due to increased salinity.

5. 30 million people affected

POLICIES :6. NATIONAL POLICY FOR SAFE WATER SUPPLY

AND SANITATION :1998Ministry of Local Government and Rural

Development & Cooperatives.Provisions1. All people has access to safe drinking water.2. Sanitation services at an affordable cost .3. Provision of domestic water supplies 4. Sanitation during water shortage

POLICIES7.NATIONAL FISHERIES POLICY : 1998

• Conserving fish breeding grounds & habitats ,

• Especially in relation to water management infrastructure:

v Flood control, v Irrigation v Drainage projects .

• Specific area has been demarked as shrimp culture .

• Other fish /cultivation/vegetation / Environment

8.STATE ACQUISITION AND TENANCY ACT -1950

• Most of the water body of the country owned by the Govt .

• Under the overall control and ownership of Ministry of Land , from fisheries point of view :

• DEFINED AS • open – rivers and streams • Close- Beels • etc

• Allocation of Fisheries rights through periodic leasing .

• Leasing –is auction

9.NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL POLICY -1999

MAIN OBJECTIVE –FOOD SELF SUFFICIENCY

1. Water scarcity 2. Ecological balance 3. Protection of environment 4. Agrochemical use & discharge5. Conserve biodiversity6. Ensure public health

10.ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION ACT-1995

1.Conservation2.Improvement of Quality standard3.Control & mitigation of pollution4.Untreated industrial waste5. Heavy metal6.Diminish Fish habitats7.Wetland ecosystem

• Encourage rehabilitation measures

• Water: Drink, Irrigation ,Fish, Transport• Wise management: Adequate harvest

11.NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY-1992

1. Deal with water pollution and fisheries .2. Discharge limit prescribed by policy 3. Either through accident or other unforeseen

events 4. The person responsible and punishment.

• But untreated industrial waste –including heavy metals are common.

EFFECT OF FARAKKA BARAGE

EFFECT OF FARAKKA BARAGE

WATER RESOURCE AND LIVELIHOODS

ARSENIC CONTAMINATION

Floating Garden During Flood

Locally Known as Baira Cultivation

Collection of Arsenic Free Water

Community People Using the Water of Re-excavated Pond

5. VISIT BANGLADESH

1.LONGEST SEA BEACH IN THE

WORLD – COX’S BAZAR

OLIVE RIDLEY TURTLES RETURNING TO BAY OF BEGAL AFTER LAYING EGGS

HILSHA –MOST DELICIOUS FISH OF THE WORLD

HILSHA –MOST DELICIOUS FISH OF THE WORLD

2.SYLHET TEA GARDEN

3.DEADLY FOUNTAINS

4.SUNRISE SUN SET – SAME VENUE KUAKATA

5.BIGGEST MANGROVE FOREST

The Location of the Sunderbans on the Ganges, Meghna and Bramaputra River Catchment

Map Showing the Sundarbans in Bangladesh and India

MANGROVE FOREST

GREEN SNACK

DEER

MAMA- MATERNAL UNCLE

ROYAL BENGAL TIGER

ROYAL BENGAL TIGER IS CROSSING A TIDAL CREEK IN THE SUNDARBANS

DEERS ON THE BANK OF THE RIVER CHANNEL IN THE SUNDARBANS

BEE HIVE WITHIN THE SUNDARBANS – HONEY… NOT SWEETER THAN MONEY

FOUNTAIN

THE SCENIC BEAUTY OF THE SUNDARBANS

BEAUTIFUL

Sundarban the Magical Mangrove

River Channel within the Forest

Crab Farming in Saline Water

6.INGENIOUS PEOPLES CULTURE

7.LARGEST COLLECTION OF MOSQUE- DHAKA

BAITUL MOKRRAM

8.HILLS TO TOUCH THE SKY

Water Collection in Hilly Region

LALMAI

RANGAMATI

NORTHERN HILL

SYLHET HILLS

MAINMATI

KHAGRACHARI

9.BIGGEST CORAL ISLAND – ST. MARTIN

SALT PRODUCTION

World cup Twenty20

SAKIB –AL- HASSAN

6. WE SHALL OVERCOME

1. Adequate legal instruments2. Implementation of Govt. Policy, Regulations etc.3. Water treatment plants with surface water sources4. Strengthening institutional and functional capacity

5. Generation of own resources6. People awareness for best use of services &

facilities

7. Sustainable development using donor supports

8. Vesting more participating decision

• Water water everywhere water

• But not a single drop to drink. Because …….

CONCLUSION

148

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