Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
2014 2019
San
itat
ion
for
all
Waste m
anag
emen
t
Growing habits of cleanliness
Growing habits of
cleanliness
SAY NO
SAY YES
Periodical cleanliness drives in school, college, office & locality .
Recognition of school, college , hospital , institutions, establishment etc. for cleanliness drive by cash award / certificate / tangible benefits
Campaign for practicing cleanliness through electronic media, hoardings, & competition in school & colleges.
per capita waste generation in India
As per 2011 census, the 377 million people living in 7,935 urban areas generate 1, 70,000 Tonnes of waste per day or 62 million tonnes of waste per year.
Average per capita generation of 450gm per person per day.
It does not include wastes picked up by scrap dealers (kabadiwalas) from households and from the streets by rag pickers
Existing waste disposal chain in India
Waste
Improper disposal
Disposed at garbage area
Disposed through scrap dealer
Collected by Rag
Pickers
Dumped at Landfill
Area
Collected by Whole sale
Scrap dealer
Collected by Municipalit
y
Recycling / Reuse
Waste generator
Why do Indians litter on street
Waste materials do not carry any price tag No define waste collection & processing system are available Waste is considered as key factor for the survival of stray animals ( dogs, cow , goat etc), birds ( crow, squirrel etc) & rag pickers.
No emphasis on Civic sense No legal accountability High population density No coordination between civic body & waste generator Less awareness about “rights & duties of citizen.
Impact of waste generation
As per CPCB report 2012-13, waste about 1,07,876 TPD, is dumped in low lying urban areas.
It needs 2,12,752 cubic meter space every day or 776 hectare of precious land per year.
World Health Organization (WHO) has observed that 22 types of diseases can be prevented/ controlled in India by improving Waste Management system.
Scientific management of waste will save, huge financial resources currently spent on medical services and the health of our young population.
Towards Scientific waste management
Establishing comprehensive waste management chain with participation of all section of society.
Utilization of appropriate technology for converting the waste to energy or recycling product.
Commercialization of waste management chain that involves 1. Investment & returns , 2. Employment generation,3.Price tag for all types of waste materials.
Segregation of waste
Waste generator
Collection of waste
Transportation of waste to the
designated place.
Recycling & Reuse
Biogas & manure
House, Market place, Office,
Hospital, Institutions etc
Municipality , NGO,
Entrepreneur
Comprehensive waste management chain
Electricity generation
Community ,Entrepreneur
Segregation of Waste at source
RAG PICKER
Recy
clin
g Rehabilitation
Integration of rag pickers in waste management
rag pickersThough Rag pickers play important roles in waste management in urban India, their service are not recognized.The population of rag pickers in Indian cities varies from 500 ( Chennai) to 100000 (Delhi) depending upon the size of city or urban area.Among the Rag pickers, about 30 - 40 % are children below 14 years of age.
Integration : rag pickers – Recycling – Rehabilitation
Identifying & issuing ID to rag pickers by the civic bodies. Formation of Cooperative of rag pickers under the guidance of civic bodies for dealing with recyclable items ( collection , storing & directly selling to industry ) . Part of the profit of cooperative operation along with government fund shall be invested for their – education , health care & permanent shelter. Night school facility shall be extended to all age group & gender of rag pickers. All activities shall be monitored by the civic bodies.
a. Biomethanation for wet biodegradable wastes. b. Conventional microbial windrow/mechanized/ vermi composting for wet biodegradable wastes. c. Preparation of briquette/ pellets/ fluff as Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) from dry high-calorific value combustible wastes. d. Incineration / Gasification / Pyrolysis for dry high-calorific value combustible wastes. e. Plastic wastes to fuel oil
Appropriate Technology for the processing of waste in Indian context
Biogas from wet /organic waste
Domestic Bio gas plant using kitchen waste
Processing of dry high-calorific value combustible wastes to form RDF
which can be used as fuel.
Processing of dry high-calorific value combustible wastes to produce
electricity
Heating of plastic , rubber in an oxygen-free chamber at about 400 degrees celsius is known as pyrolysis.
As the plastics boil, gas is separated out and often reused to fuel the machine itself. The fuel is then distilled and filtered.
Because the entire process takes place inside a vacuum and the plastic is melted - not burned, minimal to no resultant toxins are released into the air, as all the gases and or sludge are reused to fuel the machine.
Pyrolysis process - It converts waste plastic & tires into 1. Pyrolysis
Oil, 2. Carbon
Black & 3. Hydrocarbo
n Gas.
Plastic waste to fuel Polyethylene plastic - HDPE (jugs) and LDPE (bags and films) are basically made of long hydrocarbons chains.
If those chains are cut into shorter ones by pyrolysis diesel is obtained
If the chains are further cut gasoline and eventually burnable gas are obtained
Domestic plastic waste to fuel converters
It can convert around 25 kg of shredded plastic into 24 litres of diesel in 4 hours.
Using plastic waste for road laying
As per realistic estimates, India can produce 32,890 tonnes of RDF each day .
It can currently support 88 power plants of 5 MW each in a foreseeable future of 5-7 years based on incineration, gasification or pyrolysis technologies.
The number of power plants can increase to 215 plants by 2031 and 556 power plants by 2050 generating 2,780 MW power
Road map for waste to energy projects in India
Why do Indians prefer open area
Toilet inside the boundary of house is considered unhygienic. Easy availability of open space and water body like river, pond, cannel etc. Affordability for maintenance of toilet is limited to middle & upper class only.
No emphasis on Civic sense No legal accountability High population density Gents and children do not require privacy. Society has accepted this fact and therefore it is not considered as objectionable. No availability of public sanitation facility .
low priority on sanitation
Sanitation is considered secondary, in comparison to food , cloth , shelter & place of warship .
Only 45% population having access to proper sanitation facility .
No mass movement have been organized in this direction.
Improvement in sanitation facilities has been left to the choice of individuals , NGO, Civic body.
Society has accepted this fact and therefore mindset does not change.
Need awareness campaign
Compulsory sanitation facility in all schools
Making availability of Low cost public sanitation facility in all slum area
Making availability of pay & use sanitation facility in all public place
( Bus stand, Marketplace & road side )
Fund mobilization for the construction & maintenance of sanitation facilities
It can be mobilized from the Industrial house, rich individuals ( film stars, business men) etc. by extending income tax exemption facility .
Sanitation facilities shall be operated on PAY & USE basis .
Total construction cost - purchase of land , civil construction , installation of independent water source ( Bore well) , electric supply etc is to be borne by the financer.
Maintenance of the premises – i.e. 24 x 7 cleaning & security , collection and operating cost ( repair , electricity bill) is to be carried out by the Local civic bodies ( Municipality / corporation / village panchayat ) through annual maintenance contract by involving Local contractor.
Participate in Movement
By sharing this presentation with your family & friends
Thank you(Give feed back to
