Social Institutions

What is Social Institution?Is a social structures and

social mechanisms of social order and cooperation that govern the behavior of its members.

Is a group of social positions, connected by social relations, performing a social role.

Any institution in a society that works to socialize the group of people in it.

Characteristics of an InstitutionPalispis (1996)Institutions are purposive.Relatively permanent in content.

Institutions are structured.Institutions are a unified structure.

Institutions are necessarily value-laden.

Functions of an Institutions 1. Institutions simplify social

behavior for the individual person.2. Provide ready-made forms of

social relations and social roles for individual.

3. Act as agencies of coordination and stability for the total culture.

4. Control behavior.

Major Social Institutions

The FamilyEducationReligionEconomic InstitutionsGovernment as a Social Institution

The Family

The FamilyThe smallest social institution with the

unique function or producing and rearing the young.

It is the basic unit of Philippine society and the educational system where the child begins to learn his ABC.

The basic agent of socialization because it is here where the individual develops values, behaviors, and ways of life through interaction with members of the family (Vega, 2004).

Characteristic of the Filipino Family

The family is closely knit and has strong family ties.The Filipino family is usually

extended one and therefore, big.In the Filipino family, kinship ties are

extended to include the “compadre” and “comadre”or sponsors.

Functions of the Family1. Reproduction of the race and rearing of

the young.2. Cultural transmission or enculturation.3. Socialization of the child.4. Providing affection and a sense of

security.5. Providing the environment for

personality development and the growth of self-concept in relation to others.

6. Providing social status.

Kinds of Family

According to Structure

b. Consanguine or Extended Family-consist of married couple,

their parents, siblings, grandparents, uncles, aunts, and cousins.

a.Conjugal or Nuclear Family-the primary or elementary family

consisting of husband, wife and children.

According to Terms of Marriage

a. Polyandry-one woman is married to two or more men at the same time.

b.Polygamy-one man is married to two or

more women at the same time.c. Cenogamy

- two or more men mate with two or more women in group marriage.

According to Place of Residence

a. Patrilocal-when the newly married couple

lives with the parents of the husband.

b. Matrilocal- when the newly married couple lives

with the parents of the wife.

c. Neolocal- when the newly married pair

maintains a separate household and live by themselves.

a. Partriarchal- when the father is considered

the head and plays a dominant role.

According to Authority

b. Matriarchal- when the mother or female is

the head and makes the major decisions.

c. Equalitarian- when both father and mother

share in making decisions and are equal in authority.

According to Line of Descent

a. Patrilineal-the descent is recognized

through the father’s line.b. Matrilineal

- the descent is recognized through the mother’s line.c. Bilineal

- it is the descent is recognized through both side or line.

EDUCATION

Education… A form of learning in which the knowledge, skills, and habits of a group of people are transferred from one generation to the next through teaching, training, or research. 

What are the functions of Schools?Mcnergney & Herbert(2001)

-described the school as first and foremost a social institution, that is , an established organization having an identifiable structure and a set of functions meant to preserve and extend social order.

School is the place for the contemplation of reality, and our task as a teacher , in simplest terms, is to show this reality to our students, who are naturally eager about them.

Intellectual Purposes……to teach basic cognitive skills such as reading,

writing, and mathematics; to transmit specific knowledge.

Political Purposes……to inculcate allegiance to the existing

political order(patriotism).…to prepare citizens who will participate in the political order.…to assimilate diverse cultural groups into political order.…and to teach children the basic laws of society.

Social Purpose……to socialize children into the

various roles, behavior, and values of society.

Economic Purpose……to prepare students for their

later occupational roles, and to select, train, and allocate individuals into the division of labor.

Multiple Functions of Schools

Technical- Economic Human/ Social Political Cultural Education

Manifest Functions of SchoolsSocial Control Socialization Social Placement Transmitting Culture Promoting Social & Political Integration

Agent of Change

Latent Functions of Schools

Restricting some activities. Matchmaking and production of social networks.

Creation of generation gap.

Functions of School Calderon(1998) Conservation Function Instructional Function Research FunctionSocial Service Function

RELIGION

What is RELIGION?Is a system of beliefs and rituals that serves

to bind people together through shared worship, thereby creating a social group.

set of beliefs and practices that pertain to a sacred or supernatural realm that guides human behavior and gives meaning to life among a community of believers.

A patterns of beliefs concerning the ultimate meaning of life; it assumes the existence of the supernatural.

Functions of ReligionCalderon(1998)1.Serves as a means of social control.2. Exerts a great influence upon

personality development.3. Allays fear of unknown.4. Explains events or situations which

are beyond comprehension of man.5. Gives man comfort, strength and

hope in times of crisis and despair.

Characteristics of Religion

Belief in a deity.A doctrine of salvation.A code of conduct.Religious rituals.

6. It preserves and transmit knowledge, skills, spiritual, and cultural values and practices.7. It serves as an instrument of change.8. Promotes closeness, love, cooperation, friendliness and helpfulness.9. Alleviates sufferings from major calamities.10. It provides hope for a blissful life after death.

Three Elements of Religion

Sacred and profane.Legitimation of norms.Rituals.Religious community.

Difference among Churches‚ Sects and Cults

Churches

-tends toward greater intellectual examination and interpretation of the tenants of religion.

Secttends toward the

emotional‚ mystic stress‚ and faith feeling to be “to be born again”.

Cultsmore innovative institutions

and are formed when people create new religious beliefs and practices

Economic Institutions

Macroeconomics vs.

Microeconomics

Microeconomics Concerned with the specific economic

units of parts that makes an economic system and the relationship between those parts.

Emphasis is placed on understanding the behavior of individual firms, industries, households, and ways in which such entities interact.

(Spencer, 1980; Javier,2002)

Macroeconomics Concerned with the economy as a whole, or large segments of it

It focuses on such problems as the role of unemployment, the changing level of prices, the nation’s total output of goods and services, and the ways in which government raises and spends money.

3 Basic Economic Problems;

What goods and services to produce and how much. In business‚ a study determines whether a certain goods or services becomes profitable or not.

How to produce goods and services. As a general rule‚ goods and services must be produced in the most efficient manner. It means minimum input without sacrificing quality.

Such production efficiency has a greatly contributed to the high standard of living of the industrialized countries.

For whom are the goods and services. In most countries‚ those who have more money acquire more goods and services than the poor.

GOVERNMENTSOCIAL

INSTITUTION

Government… Is the institution which solves conflicts that

are public in nature and involve more than a few people.

The SC defines government as the institution by which an independent society makes and carries out those rules of action which are necessary to enable men to live in a social state, or which are imposed upon the people for that society by those who possess the power or authority of prescribing them.

Three Branches of Government

ExecutiveLegislativeJudicial

FUNCTIONS OF GOVERNMENT

1.The Constituent Function- contribute to the very

bonds of society and are therefore compulsory.

Constituent as follows: keeping of order and providing for the

protection of person and property from violence and robbery.

fixing of the legal relations between husband and wife‚ and between parents and children.

Regulation of the holding‚ transmission and interchange of property and the determination of its liabilities for the debt or for crime.

Determination of contractual rights between individuals.

Definition and punishment for crimes;

Administration of justice in civil cases;

Administration of political duties‚ privileges and relations of citizens; and

Dealing of the state with foreign growers‚ the preservation of the state from external danger or encroachment and the advancement of its international affairs and interests.

2. The Ministrant Function

- those undertaken to advance the general interest of society‚ such as public works‚ public charity‚ and regulation of trade and industry. These function are mere optional.