File: /Scantling Specs WOOD. doc

Standard Specifications for the Construction of Local Fishing Vessels of less than 24 metres in Length Overall

Country …………………

Fisheries Act …………..

Regulation ……………..

Section ………………….

Schedule 7 Construction of a Wooden Hulled Local Fishing Vessel

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Contents

1. Definitions ................................................................................................................................. 5

3. Materials ................................................................................................................................... 5

3.1 Timber Quality ........................................................................................................... 5

3.2 Moisture Content ........................................................................................................ 5 4. Fastenings .................................................................................................................................. 6

4.1 Materials ..................................................................................................................... 6

4.2 Fastening Practice ...................................................................................................... 6 5. Keel, Stem, Sternpost and Horn Timber ................................................................................ 6

5.1 Keel and Hog .............................................................................................................. 6

5.2 Stem ............................................................................................................................ 6

5.3 Sternpost and Horn Timber ........................................................................................ 6 6. Frames ....................................................................................................................................... 7

6.1 Scantlings ................................................................................................................... 7

6.2 Grown or Sawn Frames .............................................................................................. 7 7. Floors ......................................................................................................................................... 7

7.1 Scantlings ................................................................................................................... 7

7.2 Fastenings ................................................................................................................... 8 8. Beamshelf and Bilge Stringer .................................................................................................. 8

8.1 Scantlings ................................................................................................................... 8

8.2 Scarph Joints .............................................................................................................. 8

8.3 Raised Deck ................................................................................................................ 8

8.4 Fastenings ................................................................................................................... 8 9. Bilge Stringers .......................................................................................................................... 8

9.1 Requirement ............................................................................................................... 8

9.2 Scantlings ................................................................................................................... 8

9.3 Scarphs ....................................................................................................................... 8

9.4 Fastenings ................................................................................................................... 9

9.5 Alternatives ................................................................................................................ 9 10. Breast Hooks and Quarter Knees ........................................................................................... 9

11. Outside Planking ...................................................................................................................... 9

11.1 Thickness of Planking ................................................................................................ 9

11.2 Butts ........................................................................................................................... 9

11.3 Fastenings ................................................................................................................... 9

11.4 Hard chine plywood hulls ........................................................................................ 10

11.5 Chine log .................................................................................................................. 10 12. Decks ........................................................................................................................................ 10

12.1 Scantlings ................................................................................................................. 10

12.2 End Attachments ...................................................................................................... 10

12.3 Local Reinforcement ................................................................................................ 10 13. Decks ........................................................................................................................................ 10

13.1 Deck Planking .......................................................................................................... 10

13.2 Thickness of Deck .................................................................................................... 10

13.3 Plywood Decks ......................................................................................................... 11

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13.4 Planked Decks .......................................................................................................... 11 14. Deck houses ............................................................................................................................. 11

14.1 General ..................................................................................................................... 11

14.2 Requirements ............................................................................................................ 11

14.3 Wood ........................................................................................................................ 11

14.5 Fibreglass ................................................................................................................. 12

14.6 Access ....................................................................................................................... 12

14.7 Handrails .................................................................................................................. 12

14.8 Windows ................................................................................................................... 12

14.8.1 Wheelhouse windows: .......................................................................................... 12

14.8.2 Deckhouse windows: ............................................................................................ 12 15. Accommodation ...................................................................................................................... 13

15.1 General ..................................................................................................................... 13

15.2 Galley arrangements ................................................................................................. 13

15.3 Ventilation ................................................................................................................ 13 16. Hatches and Coamings ........................................................................................................... 13

16.1 General ..................................................................................................................... 13

16.2 Coamings .................................................................................................................. 14

16.3 Hatches ..................................................................................................................... 14 17. Engine Beds ............................................................................................................................. 15

17.1 General ..................................................................................................................... 15

7.2 Wooden engine beds ................................................................................................ 15

7.3 Steel engine beds ...................................................................................................... 15

7.4 Outboard engine mounting ....................................................................................... 15

7.5 External shaft support brackets ................................................................................ 15 18. Paint and coatings .................................................................................................................. 15

18.1 General ..................................................................................................................... 15 19 Protection of the crew ............................................................................................................ 16

19.1 General ..................................................................................................................... 16 Scantling Tables .............................................................................................................................. 17

Table I. ............................................................................................................................. 17

Table II ............................................................................................................................. 18

Table III. ........................................................................................................................... 19

Table IV ............................................................................................................................ 20

Table V. ............................................................................................................................ 21

Table VI. ........................................................................................................................... 22

Table VII. ......................................................................................................................... 23

Table VIII. ........................................................................................................................ 24

Table: IX. ......................................................................................................................... 25 Figures .............................................................................................................................................. 26

Fgure 2 Siding and Moulding ........................................................................................ 27

Figure 3 Section through keel ......................................................................................... 27

Figure 4 Keel scarf joints ................................................................................................ 28

Figure5 Stem to keel connection ...................................................................................... 29

Figure 6 Shaft log, sternpost and horn timber ................................................................ 30

Figure 7 Correct placement of stopwaters ...................................................................... 30

Figure 8 Frame connection ............................................................................................. 31

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Figure 9 Section through keel showing floor connection ............................................... 31

Figure 10 Section through beam shelf and deck beam connection .................................. 32

Figure 11 Bilge stringer detail .......................................................................................... 32

Figure 12 Spacing of butts ................................................................................................ 33

Figure 13 Hard chine construction alternatives ................................................................ 33

Figure 14 Hanging and lodging knee arrangements in deck structures and alternative

options for beam shelves and clamps. .............................................................................. 34

Figure 15 Deck framing .................................................................................................... 34 Appendix 2 ....................................................................................................................................... 35

List of Schedules .............................................................................................................. 36

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1. Definitions

1.1 For the purpose of this schedule, the method of measuring a wooden hulled vessel is given in

Figure 1. The following terms mean:-

Length overall (Loa) is the length overall measured in feet/metres in a straight line on a

line parallel to the design waterline taken from the extreme forward part of the stem at top

to the aftermost part of the transom, or outrigger (Horn timber end if transom has reverse

rake).

Breadth (B) is the maximum breadth of the vessel in feet/metres measured to the outside

of the planking.

Depth (D) is the depth in feet/metres at the middle of the length from the outside of the

keel rabbet to the top of the deck beam at side. measured vertically from the bottom of the

wood keel to the top of the deck at side. In an open or well-decked vessel the measurement

is made to the top of the gunwale.

Scantling Numeral, for wooden fishing vessels is the result of multiplying Loa x B x D

as defined above. The measurements for obtaining the Scantling Numeral for these

regulations shall be made in Metres.

Scantlings dimensions of vessel structural components obtained by reference to the

Scantling tables.

Siding (S) is the thickness of a structural member measured between its straight parallel

faces (Fig. 2).

Moulding (M) is the thickness of a structural member measured between its curved faces

(Fig. 2).

Inspector a person authorised to inspect fishing vessels on behalf of the Minister (CFO?)

from the designated government agency charged with fishing vessel inspection work,

regardless of the rank of that person in that agency.

Bedding compound flexible waterproof mastic material used in wood joints to prevent

water entering the vessel through joints in structure, also used to seal fittings installed on

weather decks.

3. Materials

3.1 Timber Quality

The timber shall be of good quality, properly seasoned and free from heart, sapwood, decay, insect

attack. splits, shakes and other imperfections which would adversely affect the efficiency of the

material. The material for hull and deck planking is to be generally straight grained. Plank to be used

for caulked laid decks shall preferably be from quarter sawn stock.

Suitable timbers for boatbulding applications in the eastern Caribbean are listed in Table: ... Alternate

wood species may also be used if suitability for the application intended is verifiable by the Inspector.

3.2 Moisture Content

The timber shall be stored properly stacked off the ground, under dry conditions and should have an

air dried moisture content of not more than about 20% before use. Due care is to be taken to avoid

rapid or excessive drying out during building, temporary shelters over the construction site may be

necessary.

The moisture content of timber that is to be glued shall not exceed 15%.

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4. Fastenings

4.1 Materials

The materials used for fastenings are to be of the following metals:

Copper, Silicon Bronze, Stainless Steel, Aluminium Bronze, hot dip process Galvanised Steel.

Stainless Steel fastenings are to be of a suitable grade of 18/8 fully austenitic type. Due care must be

taken to prevent galvanic corrosion action between dissimilar metals, The galvanic series of metals

commonly found in marine applications is shown in Fig: 14.

4.2 Fastening Practice

Through bolts are to be clenched on rings or washers or are to be fitted with nuts and washers. Nuts

and washers are to be of the same material as the bolts.

Where bolt fastenings pass through the outside planking or centreline structure, cotton or other

suitable grommet material and bedding compound are to be placed under the bolt heads.

Where screw fastenings are used, the thread of the screw must enter the frame or beam a distance

equal to the thickness of the hull or deck planking that it holds in place.

Countersunk headed Stainless Steel or Bronze ring nails of an approved size may in some cases be

substituted for screw fastenings.

5. Keel, Stem, Sternpost and Horn Timber

5.1 Keel and Hog

The scantlings of wood keels, or keel and hog are given in Table: 1. according to the scantling

numeral of the vessel measured in metres.

The rabbet for the garboard strake is to have a faying surface on the hog of not less than 1.5 times the

siding of the garboard strake.

The wood keel is to be in one length when the boat length (Loa) does not exceed 10.6m (35ft). In

larger vessels, the keel should be, when possible, in one continuous length. When a scarph joint is

necessary in the keel or hog it shall have a length not less that 6 times the moulding of the keel or hog

respectively. The scarph in the keel should be of the hooked or keyed type if through bolted or plain

type without lips if glued.

Scarphs in the keel and hog are to be at least 1.5m (5ft) apart and the keel scarph is to be clear of the

engine seating. When these distances are difficult to maintain, it is strongly recommended that scarph

joints in main structural members be glued together using Resorcinol or Epoxy resin adhesives.

Details are given in Figures 3 and 4.

5.2 Stem

The scantlings of the stem are given in Table 1 and are to be uniformly tapered from head to heel if so

required. The scantlings at the heel may need to be increased, depending on the shape of the forefoot,

to enable an adequate scarph or joint to the keel to be arranged. Details are shown in Figure5.

5.3 Sternpost and Horn Timber

The scantlings of the sternpost are given in Table I

The cross section area of the horn timber at its forward end, adjacent to the stern post, is not to be less

than the cross sectional area of the sternpost. The horn timber may be gradually reduced to 75% of this

area at its after end adjoining the transom.

The horn timber is to be securely fastened to the sternpost and shaft log/deadwoods. It is

recommended that the stern post shall be tenoned or fitted with tabling pieces to the horn timber and

keel and through fastened. Details are shown in Figure 6.

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The length of the horn timber from the aft side of the stern post to the transom should not be more than

25% of vessel (Loa).

Scarphs in the stem or sternpost may be plain or hooked. Stopwaters are to be fitted where the scarph

in any centreline member crosses the planking rabbet. Stopwaters should be made of soft Pine or

similar wood. For correct placement of the stopwaters see Figure 7.

6. Frames

6.1 Scantlings

The scantlings and spacing for grown / sawn frames are given in Table: II

6.2 Grown or Sawn Frames

Grown frames are to be cut to shape from timber having the correct curvature of grain. Short or cross

grain wood for frames shall be avoided. Frames may also be laminated using marine grade adhesives

such as Resorcinol and Epoxy resins. Persons intending to laminate frames shall notify the inspector of

such intention and obtain approval. The builder shall demonstrate to the satisfaction of the Inspector

that he has the knowledge, materials, capability and equipment to produce properly laminated

components for the vessel(s).

The siding of each grown frame is to be uniform over its length and the moulding is to be a fair taper

from heel to head if so required.

Grown or sawn frames may be butted, overlapped or scarphed. Scarphs are to be glued and have a

length not less than six (6) times the siding of frame material. Where frames are butted, the butts are to

be close fitted and side clamps arranged. The side clamps are to have a sectional area of not less than

that of the frame at the butt location and a minimum length of not less than twelve (12) times the

frame siding.

The clamp is to be through fastened to the frame by not less than three fastenings on each side of the

butt joint. Where frames sections are overlapped, the two sections of frame shall fit closely together,

with an overlap of at least twelve (12) times the frame siding, and be through fastened with at least

three fastenings. Fastening diameters are to be as shown in Table: VIII

Frames are to be bevelled on faying surface with planking to allow full contact of planks with the

frames.

Where the heels of frames terminate at the centre line construction members they are to be let into and

fastened to them unless floors are fitted at every frame.

Details are given in Figure 8.

7. Floors

A floor shall be fitted where possible at every frame, where space is limited for wooden floors

fabricated metal floors of galvanised steel may be substituted with the approval of the Inspector.

7.1 Scantlings

The scantlings of floors are to be as in Table: II. Moulded dimensions of floors at keel centreline shall

not be less than the minimum moulded dimensions of frames.

Wood floors are to be cut from timber having correct grain direction or may be laminated using marine

grade glues such as Resorcinol or Epoxy Resins.

The sectional area at the ends of the arms is not to be less than half that given in the table for the centre

line moulding of frames.

Details are given in Figure 9.

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7.2 Fastenings

The size of the fastenings are to be as given in Table: VIII.

The floors shall fit closely to the frames and be through fastened to the frames with at least 3

fastenings in each arm where the length does not exceed 300mm (1ft) or 3 fastenings when the arm

length is over 300mm (1ft)or greater in length.

The throat is to be attached to the keel by not less than two through bolts, where space does not permit,

such as in forefoot area, one (1) bolt may be permitted. Bolt diameters must not exceed more than 1/3

of the sided dimension of the floor.

8. Beamshelf and Bilge Stringer

8.1 Scantlings

The sectional area of the beamshelf for 3/5 Loa amidships is to be as given in Table: III. Outside this

length the area may be gradually reduced to the ends where it may be 25% less than amidships.

The scantling table area of beamshelf is to be that clear of beams; such that the section removed for the

beam end joint does not impair the efficiency or strength of the shelf. Details of construction are given

in Figure 10.

8.2 Scarph Joints

Where the beamshelf is not fitted in one length, a plain glued scarph is to be arranged. Scarphs are to

be suitably positioned in relation to joints in other longitudinal members.

The scarph is normally to be cut across on the moulded dimension of beam shelf. Alternate scarph

arrangements may be approved by the Inspector.

8.3 Raised Deck

Where there is a raised deck, the main beamshelf shall be carried to the ends of the boat. Suitable

arrangements shall then be made for a beamshelf at the raised deck level. Suitable chocking

arrangements shall be made at the aftermost end of the raised deck beamshelf to tie into the main

beamshelf.

8.4 Fastenings

The beamshelf is to be attached to each frame by one through fastening when the moulding of the

shelf does not exceed 178mm (7inches) and by two through fastenings when the moulding exceeds

seven 178mm. The diameters of fastenings to be used are given in Table: VIII.

9. Bilge Stringers

9.1 Requirement

A bilge stringer(s) is to be fitted when the Scantling Numeral of the vessel is ten (10) or above when

measured in metres. Details are given in Figure 11.

9.2 Scantlings

The sectional area of bilge stringers for 3/5Loa. amidships shall be as given in Table: III. Outside this

length the area may be gradually reduced to the ends where it may be 25% less than the table area

given for amidships.

The greatest dimension of the stringer is to be fitted against the frames.

9.3 Scarphs

Scarphs in the port and starboard stringers are to be staggered and suitably positioned in relation to

joints in other members. Scarphs should preferably be glued using Resorcinol or Epoxy resins, where

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this is impractical scarphs shall be mechanically fastened using bolts, ends of scarphs shall be in way

of transverse frames for support.

The scarphs in the stringers should be cut across the moulded dimension. Alternate scarph

arrangements may be approved by the Inspector.

9.4 Fastenings

Stringers are to be fastened to each frame by one through fastening when the moulding of the stringer

does not exceed 178mm (7 inches) and by two through fastenings when the stringer moulding exceeds

178mm.

9.5 Alternatives

As an alternative to the fitting of a single bilge stringer two or more side stringers may be fitted.

When two side stringers are fitted the sectional area of each should not less than 60% of the Table area

given for a single bilge stringer of that Scantling Numeral.

10. Breast Hooks and Quarter Knees

The beamshelf and bilge stringer ends are to be efficiently attached to the centreline construction at the

stem and at the transom.

Breast hooks are to be installed at stem and junction of beamshelves. Breasthooks are to be so

dimensioned that each arm has a minimum of 2 bolts and one bolt in the throat. See Figs: 5 and 15.

Quarter knees are to be installed at junctions of beamshelves and transom, see Fig.15. Quarter knees

are to be so dimensioned that each arm has a minimum of 2 bolts and one bolt in the throat.

11. Outside Planking

11.1 Thickness of Planking

The thickness for single skin carvel construction is to be as given in Table 4.

11.2 Butts

No butts in the outside planking are to be nearer than two frame spaces to each other on adjacent

strakes; no butts are to be in the same frame space unless there are three clear strakes between them.

The land length for plank ends butting on frames shall not be less than 1.5 times the plank siding ie;

25mm (1inch) plank shall have a minimum land length of 38mm (1.5inch). Where this dimension

cannot be attained, planks shall be butted on solid butt straps, between frames, of same siding as hull

planking. Details are shown in Figure 12.

11.3 Fastenings

The number of fastenings in each plank butt is to be as shown in the following Table:-

Width of Plank Number of Fastenings per Plank end

Inches mm

Less than 4 Less than 100 3

4 to 8 100 to 200 4

8 to 10 200 to 254 5

The diameter or gauge of fastenings attaching the outside planking to the frames are to be of suitable

size for the planking and according to best boatbuilding practice. On grown / sawn frames through

fastenings shall be arranged in way of beam shelf and bilge stringer.

The garboard strakes are to be screw fastened to the keel and / or hog. Fastenings are to be staggered

and spaced not more than twelve diameters apart in each row and are to enter the keel or hog to a

depth at least equal to the sided dimension of the garboard.

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11.4 Hard chine plywood hulls

Plywood used for planking of hard chine or “V” bottom vessels shall be of the best marine grade

available and shall conform to (BS1088/4079) standard or equivalent as may be approved by the

Inspector.

Plywood shall be treated to prevent rot, insect and marine borer attacks. All edges shall be sealed

against ingress of water.

Scantlings for plywood planking shall be included in the specification submitted for plans approval

and shall specify the sided dimension based on the vessel size, the use intended, the installed

horsepower and estimated maximum speed of operation. Other successful plywood vessel designs in

the area may also be used for guidance in selecting scantling dimensions for plywood construction of

similar size and style.

11.5 Chine log

All vessels of hard chine construction shall have proper chine logs or stringers installed at the junction

of topsides and bottom planking to provide a land size for plank fastening(s) of at least 1.5 times the

sided dimension of hull planking. Some typical chine arrangements are shown in Fig: 13

12. Decks

12.1 Scantlings

The scantlings of ordinary beams and strong beams are not to be less than those given in Table: III.

Strong beams are to be fitted at ends of all openings in the deck framing structure including at mast

partner chocks if a mast is to be fitted.

12.2 End Attachments

All beams are to be dovetailed and fastened to the shelf.

As an alternative where a plywood deck is fitted the beams need not be dovetailed but may be carried

past the shelf and checked over it. The depth of the check is to be about one quarter the depth of the

beam and the beam is to be fastened to the shelf with screws or bolts.

12.3 Local Reinforcement

The beams and deck are to be suitably strengthened with Lodging Knees, Hanging Knees and under

deck reinforcing Chocks in way of mooring posts, mast and cleats etc.

All deck openings are to be properly framed with Carlings fitted to receive the half beams. All

Carlings shall have tie rods fitted alongside every second half beam on large deck openings or evenly

spaced in smaller deck openings. Any deck opening with a Carling length of up to 2m (6.5ft) shall

have at least one tie rod, deck openings over 2m in length shall have tie rods installed as noted above.

Details of construction are shown in Figures 14 and 15.

13. Decks

13.1 Deck Planking

Decks may consist of:

laid planks of an approved species.

approved marine plywood

marine plywood sheathed with fibreglass or other material as approved by the Inspector.

13.2 Thickness of Deck

The sided dimensions of laid deck is to be in accordance with Table: III.

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Where certified marine plywood is used the thickness may be reduced by 25%

13.3 Plywood Decks

Plywood decks are to be fitted in as large panels as practicable.

Butts are to be on a strong beam or are to be butt strapped if joints fall between beam spaces.

Seams are to be arranged on a longitudinal member, if no suitable member is in place one must be

installed.

Where plywood is butt jointed the land width shall be a minimum of 2 times the siding of the plywood

decking.

Butts and seams are to be sealed watertight by application of flexible marine bedding compounds.

13.4 Planked Decks

The seams in planked decks not sheathed with fibreglass or other approved material are to be caulked

with boat cotton or oakum and payed with a suitable flexible marine caulking compound.

14. Deck houses

14.1 General

The term deck house is to include any structures including the wheelhouse that are built on the vessel

above the weather deck for purposes of shelter and / or accommodation purposes.

14.2 Requirements

Where wheelhouses and deckhouses are installed on a fishing vessel they may be constructed of wood,

metal or fibreglass. Wheelhouses and deckhouses shall be strongly constructed, stiffened and securely

fastened to the vessel structure and carlings with through bolts which shall have heavy washers and

nuts on each end unless bolt heads are of coach bolt configuration. All materials used for construction

of wheelhouses and deckhouses shall be of the best marine quality available.

14.3 Wood

Wooden wheelhouses and deckhouses are permitted, provided that they are so constructed and

adequately stiffened to resist the most severe service conditions in the proposed areas of operations.

When the wheelhouse / deckhouse structure is of wood it shall comprise of approved wood framing

and be covered with approved planking or marine plywood. As a guide the framework for vessels of

12m (39ft) Loa and under shall not be less than 38mm x 70mm (1 ½” x 2 ¾”). For vessels above 12m

Loa but less than 24m (78.7ft) Loa a minimum shall be 45mm x 89mm (1 ¾” x 3 ½”). All vertical

frame stiffeners shall be installed at 600mm (24”) centre to centre minimum.

Plywood or plank shall be properly fastened to the framework with screws and/or stainless steel ringed

nails and marine glue. The thickness of plank and plywood shall be included in the specification

submitted for plans approval but shall not be less than:

12mm (½”) for vessels of 12m (39ft) Loa;

16mm (⅝”) for vessels over 12m Loa but less than 18m (59ft) Loa; and,

19mm (¾”) for vessels over 18m Loa but under 24m (78.7ft) Loa.

When planking is used thickness shall be increased or extra horizontal cross bracing stiffeners must be

placed in the framework.

Bolt diameters shall be in accordance with Table VIII, bolt spacing centre to centre around sill plate

through carling shall not exceed 600mm (24”).

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Wooden wheelhouses and deckhouses shall have, in addition to the bolts through the sill to carlings,

an arrangement of vertical steel straps with end flanges top and bottom for bolting the flanges through

the sill and carling at deck level and through the cabin frame top plate. Either steel strap of 6mm x

25mm (1/4” x 1”) or 25mm x 25mm (1”x 1”) angle may be used with suitable end flanges for bolts.

14.4 Metal

14.4.1 Steel

On fishing vessels with Scantling Numbers of 200 and above the Minister of delegated authority may

require a wheelhouse/deckhouse to be constructed of steel. The plating thickness of steel used shall not

be less than 5mm (0.2”). Stiffener spacing shall not be less than 500mm (19.6”) on centres. Details of

cross sectional dimensions of stiffeners shall be included in the specification submitted for plans

approval.

14.3.2 Aluminium alloy:

The plating thickness of aluminium alloys used shall not be less than 6.35mm (0.25”). Stiffener

spacing shall not be less than 500mm (19.6”) on centres. Details of cross sectional dimensions of

stiffeners shall be included in the specification submitted for plans approval.

14.5 Fibreglass

Fibreglass wheelhouses and deckhouses would be permitted, provided that they are so constructed and

adequately stiffened to resist the most severe service conditions in the proposed areas of operations.

Special attention is to be paid to provisions for fire prevention measures on vessels with fibreglass

wheelhouses and deckhouses.

14.6 Access

Wheelhouses and deckhouses shall be constructed in a manner that allows unimpeded movement of

personnel to and from the wheelhouse or deckhouse. Access doors must be of weathertight design and

shall be operable from both sides, hinges shall be located on the forward side of opening. Door sill

heights above the deck shall be according to those given for coamings in section 16.2.

Where access to wheelhouse / deckhouse roof area is necessary this shall be provided by provision of

permanently mounted ladder(s) or companionway(s).

14.7 Handrails

Sufficient handrails shall be securely installed on the outside of wheelhouse, deckhouse and in the

interior of wheelhouse/deckhouse to the satisfaction of the Inspector.

14.8 Windows

14.8.1 Wheelhouse windows:

Provision shall be made for at least 3 opening windows for cross ventilation.

Window frames may be of metal or wooden framed types with adequate drainage provided.

Window glass shall be of toughened type of not less than 6mm (0.25”) thick except where the

glass size exceeds 760mm x 600mm (30”x 24”) when it shall be increased to 10mm (0.4”)

thickness.

On vessels of 12m (39ft) Loa or less toughened glass thickness may be reduced to 8mm (0.3”).

14.8.2 Deckhouse windows:

Windows fitted in deckhouses shall not exceed 500mm x 350mm (19”x 14”).

Glass thickness shall be as for wheelhouse.

Windows shall not be installed at a height of less than 1.5m above the deck level.

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15. Accommodation

15.1 General

When a vessel is intended to be at sea for more than 24 hours an adequate standard of accommodation

for all on board shall be provided. This shall include adequate ventilation, lighting, fresh water

supply, sleeping accommodation, galley and toilet facilities. The sleeping bunks shall be of adequate

length and breadth to allow the incumbent to stretch out in comfort.

There should be at least two easily accessible means of escape from each accommodation space.

The interior walls of accommodation spaces may, as required, be lined with marine plywood or plastic

laminated sheets.

15.2 Galley arrangements

Cooking facilities shall be provided for the crew, either kerosene or Liquefied Petroleum Gas

(LPG) may be used to fuel cook stoves.

Cooking facilities shall not be installed in areas used for sleeping accommodation.

When LPG fuel is used audible gas alarm/sensors shall be installed in the galley under stove or at

lowest point in galley, if other lower level accommodation areas are adjacent to the galley audible

alarm/sensors shall also be installed at the low point of these accommodations.

Gas cylinders shall be installed outside wheelhouse / deckhouse in a dedicated locker that shall

permit any escaping gas to be vented to atmosphere or overboard, gas cylinder lockers shall not be

closer than 0.9m (36”) to any opening to the interior of the boat.

Gas piping shall be of an approved material with permanently attached swaged end fittings, worm

drive clips shall not be used.

A single action shutoff valve shall be installed adjacent to the stove in an easily accessible

location.

A pressure gauge shall be installed at the low-pressure side of the gas cylinder regulator unit, the

gauge is used to check for leaks in the system.

Cooking appliances shall have individual push and turn controls for each burner.

LPG warning notices shall be placed at the cylinder locker and adjacent to the cooking appliance.

15.3 Ventilation

All crew accommodation compartments shall have adequate ventilation provided, either natural or

mechanical. Ventilators shall be designed to prevent ingress of water, and shall be capable of being

closed if required.

16. Hatches and Coamings

16.1 General

Hatches and coamings may be made from fibreglass laminate, wood or metals. Hatches and coamings

shall have all necessary fitting to allow rapid weather tight closure. Access hatches for personnel shall

not be less than 600mm x 600mm (24”x 24”) clear opening.

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16.2 Coamings

Heights of hatch coamings measured above the freeboard weather deck shall not be less than indicated

in the following:

Vessel Length Overall Minimum Coaming Height

Below 12m (39ft) Loa 200mm (8”)

12m to below 15m (49ft) 300mm (12”)

15m to below 18m (59ft) 380mm (15”)

18m to below 21m (69ft) 460mm (18”)

21m and above 600mm (24”)

Individually fabricated fibreglass hatch coamings may be incorporated in a wooden deck structure. As

a unit it shall have a heavy flange suitable for bolting the coaming unit solidly to the carlings and main

beams around the deck opening and be flanged at the top to receive hatch boards or hatch.

Wooden coamings shall be made from an approved wood. All corners shall be securely jointed with

dovetail joints or equivalent as may be approved by the Inspector. Provision must be made to allow

through bolting of the coaming to carlings and main beams around the deck opening. Minimum siding

of wooden coaming plank is 38mm (1.5inch), for vessels of 21m Loa and above the siding shall be a

minimum of 76mm (3inch). Dimensions for intermediate coamings shall be interpolated. The top of

wooden coamings shall be constructed in such a manner that hatch boards or hatch are easily fitted and

secured.

Metal or steel hatch coamings may be incorporated in a wooden deck structure. As a unit it shall have

a heavy flange or other suitable means for bolting the coaming unit solidly to the carlings and main

beams around the deck opening and a flange provided at top to receive hatch boards or hatch.

16.3 Hatches

All hatches shall be provided with covers and fitted with clamping devices and gaskets or other

equivalent arrangement sufficient to ensure weathertightness. Those hatches that have to be opened

during fishing operations shall be fitted near to the centreline of the vessel as practical.

Wooden hatch boards shall have a thickness of at least 4mm for each 100mm of unsupported span

subject to a minimum thickness of 40mm and the span shall not exceed 1.5m (4ft 11inch) the width of

the bearing surface of the hatch board ends on coamings shall not be less than 65mm (2.5”).

Hatch boards shall be clearly and permanently marked as to their correct position for proper closure.

Hatch cover materials other than wooden planks shall be capable of withstanding a loading of one

metric tonne per square metre. Where hatch covers are made of steel, the maximum stress, when

subjected to a load of one metric tonne per square metre, multiplied by 4.25 shall not exceed the

minimum ultimate strength of the material. Under these loads, the deflection shall not exceed 0.0028

times the span.

Where the Minister or delegated authority has allowed the use of flush hatches where necessary for a

fishing operation, they shall be capable of being closed weather-tight. The deck fitting for the hatch

cover shall be permanently attached to the deck.

Hinged hatches shall be hinged at the forward side of coaming and have a means of positive closure

operable from both sides when installed over occupied spaces.

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17. Engine Beds

17.1 General

Engine beds may be constructed of either wood or steel. Engine beds shall be at least two and one half

times the length of the engine and gearbox, this length being measured from the forward holding down

bolts to the face of gearbox to shaft coupling. Where a forward power take off drive(s) is fitted, the

length of the engine bed shall be extended to accommodate the machinery to be driven.

17.2 Wooden engine beds

Wooden engine beds shall be stiffened with side support brackets and transverse stiffeners. The top of

the engine bed shall have a continuous flat steel plate or angle iron fitted, the plate shall not be less

than 6mm (1/4”) in thickness.

17.3 Steel engine beds

Metal engine beds shall be fabricated to suit the make and power of the engine to be installed. The

base plates of steel engine beds shall be secured to the hull by bolting through the frames. Steel side

stiffeners shall be fitted at every second frame. The number and spacing of gusset plates and

intercostals shall be determined according to the power of the engine to be installed.

17.4 Outboard engine mounting

Where vessels are powered by outboard engines or stern drive units, they shall be installed on a

suitably reinforced transom in accordance with Table: IV.

17.5 External shaft support brackets

Where the stern configuration of a vessel is such that the propeller shaft extends well beyond the stern

post in order to obtain sufficient clearance for the propeller, it shall be properly supported by an

arrangement of brackets.

Steel pads shall be fitted to the hull with not less than 4 through bolts. The brackets shall be attached

to the steel pads by bolts or by welding and arranged to carry a boss for the propeller shaft nearing.

The steel brackets shall be fitted with suitable anodes.

Where the external shaft length is such that intermediate bearings would be necessary the same rules

shall apply as those applied to internal intermediate bearings

18. Paint and coatings

18.1 General

On wooden fishing vessels all bare wood shall be painted, in particular those areas not accessible after

final assembly such as non-glued joints, backs of planking and ceiling and any other inaccessible areas

shall be painted with a minimum of one marine primer coat. Only the best quality marine paints should

be used on woodwork. Normal applications on exterior non-sheathed areas will consist of a primer

coat over the bare wood, an undercoat and at least two topcoats of marine enamel.

Where epoxy or other resins are used to cover bare wood the manufacturers instructions are to be

carefully followed regarding application and safety precautions to be observed when using the

product. Some products are classified as hazardous materials and must be handled accordingly.

When painting fibreglass sheathed surfaces for colour or Ultra Violet (UV) protection the surface must

be properly prepared according to the manufacturers instructions. Good quality marine enamels,

automotive acrylic enamels or two-part polyurethane paints may be used to coat fibreglass sheathing

over wood.

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19 Protection of the crew

19.1 General

In every decked vessel, sufficient bulwarks, guard rails or guard wires shall be provided at the exposed

parts of the freeboard and superstructure decks and the tops of any deckhouses or companionways

used in the operation of the vessel.

In every decked vessel, adequate guard rails, lifelines, gangways or passages shall be provided for the

passage of the crew between their quarters, machinery spaces and working spaces. Storm rails shall be

fitted on the outside of all deckhouses and casings.

Controls of winches, line and net hauling shall be placed in a manner that the operators have ample

room for their unimpeded operation and that they have a clear view on the working area. The winches

and equipment shall be fitted with safety devices that are designed to prevent accidents.

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Scantling Tables

Table I.

Scantlings for Keel, Sternpost, Stem, Apron, Keelson and Hog

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Table II

Scantlings for Sawn or Grown Frames only.

xx

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Table III.

Scantlings for Carvel Planking, Strakes, Bilge Stringers and Beam Shelf

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Table IV

Scantlings for Transom, Fashion Pieces and Transom Knee

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Table V.

Scantlings for Deck Beams (Wide Spacing)

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Table VI.

Scantlings for Deck Beams (Close spacing)

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Table VII.

Scantlings for Carlings, Hanging and Lodging Knees

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Table VIII.

Bolts: Minimum Diameters

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Table: IX.

Intermediate Shaft Support Bearings

Diameter of Shaft (mm)

Diameter of Shaft (Inches)

Maximum Shaft Bearing Spacing

Centre to centre in (Metres)

Maximum Shaft Bearing Spacing

Centre to centre in (Feet)

25 0.98 1.21 4.0

30 1.18 1.37 4.5

35 1.38 1.52 5.0

40 1.57 1.66 5.4

45 1.77 1.80 6.0

50 1.97 1.93 6.3

55 2.16 2.05 6.7

65 2.56 2.29 7.5

75 2.95 2.52 8.3

The distance from gearbox coupling flange to the first bearing should be 20 times the shaft diameter

but not less than 12 times the shaft diameter.

For shaft speeds in excess of 1000 RPM the spacing shall be reduced to the satisfaction of the Minister

or delegated authority.

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Figures

Figure 1 Measurement of a wooden hulled local fishing vessel

Dimensions for Scantlings

L = Loa

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Fgure 2 Siding and Moulding

Figure 3 Section through keel

Keel

Floor

Garboard Strake

Frame

Hog

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Figure 4 Keel scarf joints

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Figure5 Stem to keel connection

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Figure 6 Shaft log, sternpost and horn timber

Figure 7 Correct placement of stopwaters

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Figure 8 Frame connection

Figure 9 Section through keel showing floor connection

Throug bolts

Frame

Frame

Through fastenings Hog

Wood floor

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Figure 10 Section through beam shelf and deck beam connection

Figure 11 Bilge stringer detail

Frames

Hull Planking

Bilge Stringer

Deck planking

Beam

Beam shelf

Frame

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Figure 12 Spacing of butts

Figure 13 Hard chine construction alternatives

2 Frame spaces

Butt joint

Frame spacing

3 Strakes

Hull planks

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Figure 14 Hanging and lodging knee arrangements in deck structures and alternative options for beam shelves and clamps.

Figure 15 Deck framing

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Fig. 14 Galvanic series (in sea water)

Noble, cathodic end

Platinum

Gold

Graphite

Titanium

Silver

Hastelloy C

18-8 austenitic stainless steels (passive condition)

Iron-chromium alloys (passive condition)

Inconel (passive)

Nickel

Monel

Cupronickel alloys

Bronzes

Copper

Brasses

Inconel (active)

Nickel (active)

Tin

Lead

18-8 Austenitic stainless steels (active)

13% Chromium stainless steel (active)

Cast iron

Mild steel and iron

Cadmium

Aluminum alloys

Zinc

Magnesium and magnesium alloys

Active, anodic end

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Appendix 2

List of Schedules

Schedule 1 Prescribed Forms

Schedule 2 Prescribed Fees

Schedule 3 Safety Equipment for a Local Fishing Vessel

Schedule 4 Fire Protection, Fire Detection, Fire Extinguishing and Fire Fighting Equipment.

Schedule 5 Equipment/Ground Tackle/Anchors and Chains

Schedule 6 Stability and Associated Seaworthiness

Schedule 7 Construction of a Wooden Hulled Local Fishing Vessel

Schedule 8 Construction of a Fibreglass Hulled Local Fishing Vessel

Schedule 9 Construction of a Steel Hulled Local Fishing Vessel

Schedule 10 Machinery and Electrical Installations

Schedule 11 Specifications for the Marking of Fishing Vessels