Public Administration

TAGUIG CITY UNIVERSITYGRADUATE SCHOOL

MANAGEMENT THEORY AND POLICYSummer, 2012

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND IT’S ROLE IN THE

MODERN SOCIETY

WHAT IS

Communication is abstract and like other words, possesses multiple meaning (Dance and Carlson, 1976).

The goal of communication is to inform, persuade, motivate, and achieve mutual understanding between the sender and the target receiver.

•Intrapersonal•Interpersonal•Group •Public

FORMS OF COMMUNICATIO

N

•Verbal•Non-Verbal•Creative and Aesthetic •Symbols and Sign Language •Body Language •Body Posture and Physical Contact •Facial Expressions •Written and Visual

DEFINING PUBLIC

Public pertains to people, belonging to the people, relating to or affecting a nation, state or community, general body of mankind.(www.brainyquote.com)

http://www.brainyquote.com/

In public relations and communication science, publics are groups of individuals and the public is the totality of groupings. (Wikipedia)

The name "public" originates with the Latin “populus” or “poplicus”, denotes mass population "the people" in association with some matter of common interest.

Public is a group of people who, in facing a similar problem, recognize it and organize themselves to address it. (John Dewey)

Non public (who have no problem), latent publics (who have a problem), aware publics (who recognize that they have a problem), and active publics(who do something about their problem (Grunig 1983)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public

Target publics are those publics whose involvement is necessary for achieving organization goals;

Intervening publics are opinion formers and mediators, who pass information to the target publics;

Influentials are publics where the target publics turn to for consultation, whose value judgments are influential upon how a target public will judge any public relations material.

MEANING OF ADMINISTRATIO

NAdministration can be defined as the universal process of organizing people and resources efficiently so as to direct activities toward common goals and objectives.

Organization and direction of human and

material resources to

achieve desired ends. (Pfiffner and Prethus)

A group activity which involves cooperation and coordination to achieve a direct goals and objectives.

A rational action, an endeavor to maximize the achievement of goals and objectives, by a group of human beings.

DEFINING PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

Political Definitions of Public Administration

Public administration is what government does.


Public administration is the totality of the working day activities of all the world’s bureaucrats – whether they are legal or illegal, competent or incompetent, decent or despicable.


Public administration is both direct and indirect.


Public administration is a phase in the policy-making cycle.


Administration does not end with implementation because someone will always think it can be done better.


Public administration is implementing the public interest.


Public administration is doing collectively that which cannot be done so well individually.

Legal Definitions of Public Administration

•Public administration is what a state does; it is both created and bound by an instrument of the law.


Public administration is the law in action.


Public administration is regulation.


Public administration is the king’s largesse.


Public administration is theft.





Managerial Definitions of Public AdministrationPublic administration is so much a branch of management that many graduate schools of management (or business or administration) are divided into public and private – and now increasingly nonprofit – programs.

Managerial Definitions of Public AdministrationPublic administration is the executive function of government.

Managerial Definitions of Public AdministrationPublic administration is art, not science – or vice versa. Public administration is actually both.

Occupational Definitions of Public Administration

Public administration is idealism in action.

Public administration is an academic field.

The Evolution of Public Administration

Organization theory.Bureaucratic behavior.Personnel management.Public finance and budgeting.Policy analysis.Program evaluation.Administrative ethics.

THE NEED FOR PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION•Need for intervention by the State in the day-to-day activities of the citizens.

•Citizen’s life which does not come into contact with some government agency or the other.

THE NEED FOR PUBLIC ADMINISTRATIONThe national government and the State and the local governments should provide infrastructural facilities to meet the needs of the citizens. The points of contact between the citizens and the government have increased tremendously.

THE ROLE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATIONTo deal with the organization of government policies and program and the behavior of the officials.

THE ROLE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATIONTo analyze public policies and implement the policy that will benefit the people at large.

THE ROLE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATIONPeople’s assessment on public services can provide valuable information to improve the delivery of service.

THE ROLE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATIONPeople have direct experience in public service in terms of efficiency, adequacy, accessibility and reliability.

THE ROLE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATIONPeople can identify specific factors of service as problematic, and able to articulate the feed back through either appropriate government channels or the mass media.

THE ROLE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

Through people, the government can have the opportunity to investigate and resolve the problems, if they are real, or, if they are not to take step to change public opinion if the perceptions are based on misunderstanding.

DEVELOPMENTS

IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATIO

N IN THE

PHILIPPINES (Francisco A. Magno,

2008)

OLD PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION•Large bureaucracy, slow, and inefficient•Low quality of civil service•Citizens unaware of their rights•Limited resources•Lack of capacity building for citizens and politicians•Excessive and overlapping rules and regulations•Weak performance and results-based management system•Lack of culture of competitiveness•State has strong monopoly position (excessive regulation)•Discrete information process (lack of transparency)•Poor accountability mechanisms

TOWARDS NEW PUBLIC MANAGEMENT•The citizen as customer is king•Transparency•Decentralized service delivery systems•Accountability through participation•Enhance the quality of public services through increased flexibility, effectiveness, and efficiency

ELEMENTS OF NEW PUBLIC MANAGEMENT (NPM)•Lean State•Separation of Decision-making Levels•Lean Management•New Service Attitude•New Model of Control

Windows for New Public Management (NPM)

Local Government Code of 1991- local autonomy law adopted decentralization as a development strategy; devolved power and authority to local government units.

Windows for New Public Management (NPM)The Local Government Code fosters the opportunity for reforms that allows for greater transparency, accountability and participation through the establishment of Local Special Bodies, including Local Development Councils.


Performance incentives provided by LGU competitions, such as the Galing Pook Award, Local Government Leadership Award.


Grants and technical assistance provided by donor agencies.

LOCAL GOVERNANCE INNOVATIONS

Environmental GovernanceDisaster PreparednessTransparency and AccountabilityConflict Management


Improving Delivery and Quality of Services (social welfare, health, and infrastructure)


Local Economic Development (improving opportunities for investment)E-Governance


Public-Private PartnershipsOutsourcingParticipatory Local Development PlanningMulti-Stakeholders Forum


Adoption of Local Citizens CharterEmploying LGU Watch (Budget Watch, Procurement Watch, PLG Watch, Participatory Auditing, Environment Watch)Benchmarking

LEADING and MANAGING contribute different things:

LEADING means enabling

others to face challenges and achieve results in complex conditions

MANAGING means organizing the

internal parts of the organization to implement systems and coordinate resources to produce reliable performance

INTEGRATE LEADING AND MANAGING PRACTICES

Scan

Face FocusChallenges

Plan

Align/Mobilize

Organize Achieve

Results

Implement

INSPIRING

MONITORING AND

EVALUATING

LEADERSHIP PRACTICES

SCANNING Identifying internal

and external conditions that influence desired results.

FOCUSING Directing attention

and efforts to priority challenges and actions.

ALIGNING AND MOBILIZING

Uniting and motivating internal and external stakeholders to commit resources to support desired results.

INSPIRING Creating a climate of commitment and continuous improvement.


Scan


Plan

Align/Mobilize

Organize Achieve

Results

Implement

INSPIRING

MONITORING AND

EVALUATING

MANAGEMENT PRACTICES

PLANNING Preparing a set

of activities, timeline, and accountabilities to meet goals.

ORGANIZING Developing structures,

systems and processes to support the plan of action.

IMPLEMENTING Carrying out and

adapting the plan of action while coordinating related activities.

MONITORING AND EVALUATING

Observing, examiningand assessing progress


Scan


Plan

Align/Mobilize

Organize Achieve

Results

Implement

INSPIRING

MONITORING AND

EVALUATING

Is there any question?

When a man assumes a

public trust he should

consider himself a

public property.

Thomas Jefferson

http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/quotes/t/thomasjeff157238.html

Reported by:

Bernard Yumang

Marilyn P. AllanigueMay 11, 2012

Government & Nonprofit

Public Administration