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ROLE OF GIS AND COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN UPGRADING
INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS
Case Study: Epworth Ward 7Zimbabwe
Geographic Information Systems(GIS)• GIS is defined as a computer aided decision support and planning tool which
integrates spatial data from maps and other auxiliary data (attribute data) for a geographical area of interest. It combines hardware, software, data and people to achieve its performance.
People
Hardware
Data
Software
Harare Slum Upgrading Profile Map
Epworth Profile• Epworth lies 15km from Harare City Centre• Its administered by Epworth Local Board• Its divided into 7 Wards • It is the largest slum settlement in Zimbabwe• It was established through the Methodist Church led by John white in
1908.• Surface Area: approximately 27km2
• Has about 30 000 families with 21000 staying in informal settlements.• Majority of people have residency period of over 20 years.• Has a road links to Mabvuku, Chitungwiza and Harare City Centre.• Sanitation –Majority use pit latrines• Water - majority use self dug wells and communal boreholes• Roads – informal dust roads –not all families have vehicular access• Energy source – majority use wood-
Epworth Ward 7The ward was enumerated and mapped in May 2010.
Enumeration and mapping results• Occupies about 5km2 of Epworth• There are over 6 636 households. – 35 000 people
– ‘Landlords ‘=3 388 Lodger =2 898 Other = 350
Sanitation type by households • ` Pit latrine 3423
(53%)• Bucket (pour flush) 2901 (45%)• Bush 64 (0.997%)• Ecosan 25 (0.03%)Water source – • Shallow well• Deep well• Borehole
Location of Epworth
Google Maps
Epworth Image
Epworth Ward 7 Image
Community Mapping process•Set up team of community mappers
•Trained by UZ, DoS and SDI
•Comumnity mappers did field identification of ground features to1. Compare image to existing features2. Pick important existing that affect re -planning of settlements3. Identify features that were too small to be seen on the image e.g wells,
poorly constructed toilets4. updating the features /infrastructure that came in place after the
image was produced.•Production of base map by digitising the information collected from the field
Informal Plots
Ward 7 boundary
StructuresRoads
Streams
Land Use Map – Base MapUSES
•Highlighted the existing Land-use pattern and distribution•Showed the records of land uses in an informal settlement.•Eased the process of determining the land use classifications necessary for the design of the layout plan.
Base map - Plot Sizes
USES
• To study density of plots.
•As a tool for kick starting community discussions on realistic densities
•Determining the pattern and distribution of informal plot sizes so that plots negatively affected by the re – planning can be identified.
Base map – Structures
USES• Setting up design parameters appropriate to this settlement• Used as a tool in making informed decisions if buildings are affected. ( eg
structures that need to be demolished to pave way fro infrastructure)• Highlighted areas which needs special attention when re - planning.• Rankings were done with consideration of building material used (bricks,
wood, window panes and roofing sheets) and age• The ranking were marked from Very good to very poor
Very Good
Good Fair Poor Very Poor
Very Poor
Fair
Very Good
Orientation of Buildings Map• Assist in determining block orientation that conforms
with existing development• To determine location of sewer and water lines.• respect street access, activity zones, and urban design
guidelines• To give an aesthetic value to the settlement
Buffers/Reserves/ZonesUses1. Showed required catchment areas for public facilities
(schools, shopping centres, bus routes
2. Highlighted Environmental protection zone
3. Market Analysis for commercial uses
EPA Buffer Zone
Modelling
• A Digital Terrain Model is an example• Models help bring a sense of reality to the map• Given the participatory approach used in upgrading where
people at different levels participate, models bring the picture in laymen’s terms.
Base map - SlopeUSES• Showed the gradient of the slum• Helped in the designing of roads and storm water drains• Slope also has effect on block orientation• Sewerage design• Used also in plot size determination• Aesthetics (landmarks)
THE CONCEPT PLAN
The Concept plan
The Layout Plan
Sequence of GIS maps1. Satellite image
2. Base maps• Planning boundary• Land use Map• Structures Map• Plot Sizes Map• Orientation Map• Reserves/Buffer/Zones Map• Slope Map• Model Map
3. Concept Plan
4. Layout Plan
EPWORTH WARD 7 PLANNING BOUNDARY
ROAD NETWORK
OPEN SPACES
INSTITUTIONS
RECREATIONAL AREAS
CEMETERY
ACTIVITY CORRIDORS
SHOPPING CENTRES
RESIDENTIAL AREAS
RESIDENTIAL AREAS- CLUSTERS
RESIDENTIAL AREAS- INDIVIDUAL