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Communications & Control – Autonomous vs. Central Control

PV Distribution System Modeling Worksho 3-1-Advanced

Inverter Talk 5-6-2014.pdf p

Santa Clara, CA, May 6th, 2014 Bill Reaugh, Sr. Director, Product Management, KACO new energy - Americas

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Contents

1 KACO new energy introduction

2 Autonomous vs. Central Control

3 International Grid Standards Comparisons

4 HMI/MMI Details

5 Summary

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KACO new energy Introduction

Third largest inverter manufacturer worldwide

More than 1000 employees globally

Manufacturing on 3 continents – including the USA

Cooperating with 67 service partners in 34 countries

Global production capacity of 10 GW

100 years of experience in designing and

manufacturing power conversion devices

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THE AMERICAS

Canada

USA

Mexico

Central America

South America

EUROPE, AFRICA

Germany

Greece

Spain

Italy

France

UK

South Africa

ASIA, MID EAST

South Korea

China

Japan

Australia

Dubai

Saudi Arabia

Israel

Global presence

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Product line introduction

KACO new energy inverter families are diverse and extensive

The product range covers systems from residential homes to megawatt solar farms

KACO new energy offers solutions for all relevant regions and markets

blueplanet 2002 blueplanet 10.0 TL3 blueplanet 72.0 TL3 blueplanet XP550U-TL

Global inverter solutions

blueplanet IPS11345

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US Manufacturing – San Antonio, TX

KACO new energy, San Antonio, TX

60,000 square foot manufacturing facility

Baseline of 400 MW annual production capacity

Creating LOCAL jobs in solar – anticipated 70 this year

Providing a great reference project with CPS Energy

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Contents

1 KACO new energy introduction

2 Autonomous vs. Central Control

3 International Grid Standards Comparisons

4 HMI/MMI Details

5 Summary

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Central vs. Autonomous Control

Autonomous Control

– Locally monitor voltage/frequency to determine operating point

– Based on pre-defined algorithms to maintain desired operating

state

– Advantage: Speed of reaction

– Disadvantage: Limited to detection point

Central Control

– Dictates point of operation

– From the POV of the command center is autonomous

Only Centralized from the POV of downstream devices

– Advantage: Larger view of system

– Disadvantage: Communication latency

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Typically Implemented Controls

Anti-Islanding

– IEEE 1547/UL 1741

Fault Ride Through

– Voltage and Frequency support to prevent blackouts

Volt-VAr

– Q(V), fixed Q, fixed pf, schedule based

Power-Frequency

– P(Δf/fn),

Curtailment

– Includes Ramp Rate, schedule based

Operating Status

– Directed Shutdown, Equipment Fault Status, Available Capacity

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Communications Methods

System operator Utility Project Inverter

Pro

tocol

Physic

al Layer

ModBus TCP,

RS485, WiFi,

Zigbee, Digital

I/O

Cat5/6/7, Fiber

Optic, Wireless

DNP3, Ripple

Controller, PLC

Internet

Standards, Utility

conductors

DNP3, Others

ECN, similar

networks

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Project Diagram

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Market

Enterprise

Operation

Station

Field

Process

Transmission Energy

Market Clearinghouse

ISO/RTO/TSO

Balancing Authority

Hierarchical DER System Five-Level Architecture, in SGAM Format

Level 4: Distribution Utility Operational

Analysis and Control for Grid Operations

DER Management

System (DERMS)

Distribution

Management

System (DMS)

Outage

Management

System (OMS)

System to

Establish Demand

Response (DR)

Pricing

Transmission

Bus Load

Model (TBLM)

“DER SCADA”

System for Control &

Monitoring

Utility Grid

Facilities

Site Loads

Circuit breaker

Meter and

PCC

Level 2: Facilities DER Energy

Management System (FDEMS)

Level 1: Autonomous

cyber-physical DER

systems

Level 5: Transmission and Market Interactions

Facilities DER Energy

Management Systems

(FDEMS)

Facilities Site WAN/LAN

Utility WAN/LAN

Facilities DER Energy

Management Systems

(FDEMS)

Facilities DER and Load

Energy Management

System

PV

Equipment

Electric

Vehicle

PV ControllerElectric Vehicle

Supply Equipment

Battery

Storage

Controller

BatteryDiesel

Generator

Diesel

Controller

Distributed Energy Resources (DER) Customer PremisesTransmission Distribution

ECP ECPECPECP

Geographic

Information

System (GIS)

Energy

Management

System (EMS)Level 3: Utility and REP

ICT Information &

Communications

Retail Energy

Provider (REP) and/

or DER Aggregator

Demand

Response

(DR) System

REP DER & Load

Management

System

Facilities Load

Management

Distribution Energy

Market ClearinghouseRetail Energy Market

Clearinghouse

System Diagram

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Contents

1 KACO new energy introduction

2 Autonomous vs. Central Control

3 International Grid Standards Comparisons

4 HMI/MMI Details

5 Summary

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International grid codes

Korea

Germany (NEON)

Italy (ENEL)

Spain

Austria

France

Greece

USA Czech Mexico

China South Africa

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Number of processes

"Same" processes not the same in various standards

Standard VDE-AR-N

4105

BDEW

MS-RL

CEI 0-21 Calif Rule 21

Q fixed X X X X

Cos ϕ fixed X X X X

Cos ϕ (P) X X X

Q(V) X X X

Control

technology

X X

Autonomous and Central control examples

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Most common inverter level autonomous control; may require coordination with plant

level anti-islanding and ride through settings.

Grid

Inverter

Load

Blackout

Voltage Current

Frequency

Blackout

Voltage Current

Frequency

Grid

Inverter

Load

Simulation results without anti-islanding control Simulation results with KACO’s anti-islanding control

Anti-islanding

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Grafik FRT Übersicht

Ride through of voltage drops

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Q(V) Function programming

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P&Q Curve of inverter

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BDEW MS-RL VDE-AR-N 4105

CFE MV CEI 0-21

Overfrequency based power reduction

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Contents

1 KACO new energy introduction

2 Autonomous vs. Central Control

3 International Grid Standards Comparisons

4 HMI/MMI Details

5 Summary

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• Human- and Machine-Machine Interfaces

• Local Display or Remote Computer Terminal

• PV array, Inverter, Utility Input Monitoring & Control

• Local Data Storage

• Multiple Language options

• TCP, RS232, RS485, USB, Wi-Fi interface

PV, Inverter, Grid

Monitoring History Setup

Parameter Setting

Statistics

Statistic data of year,

month, day

The fault & event record

of inverter

Human- and Machine-Machine Interfaces

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Central Command Interface

• Fully documented Modbus

solution

• SunSpec v103 and V113 read

• SunSpec R12 command map

• Ethernet interface

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Control Implementation

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Contents

1 KACO new energy introduction

2 Autonomous vs. Central Control

3 International Grid Standards Comparisons

4 HMI/MMI Details

5 Summary

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Summary

Function Inverter Plant Utility System Operator

Anti-Islanding Auto - - -

Fault Ride Through Auto - - -

Volt-VAr Auto/Cent Auto/Cent Auto/Cent Auto

Power Frequency Auto/Cent Auto/Cent Auto/Cent Auto

Curtailment Cent Cent Auto/Cent Auto

Operating Status Cent Cent Auto -

Implementation of a function as Autonomous or Central depends on

project specific requirements

Multiple function definitions across regions require more flexible (and

costly) equipment to accommodate all needs.

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Thank you very much!

Bill Reaugh Sr. Director, Product Management

KACO new energy - USA