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MO IBRAHIM FOUNDATION
2014IBRAHIM INDEXOF AFRICAN GOVERNANCE
SUMMARY REPORT52.544.558.777.653.043.847.076.732.733.047.843.031.340.948.255.040.931.947.652.853.666.843.237.153.661.950.345.345.756.950.747.382.958.054.869.550.443.457.859.9
52.544.558.777.653.043.847.076.732.733.047.843.031.340.948.255.040.931.947.652.853.666.843.237.153.661.950.345.345.756.950.747.382.958.054.869.550.443.457.859.9
52.544.558.777.653.043.847.076.732.733.047.843.031.340.948.255.040.931.947.652.853.666.843.237.153.661.950.345.345.756.950.747.382.958.054.869.550.443.457.859.9
52.544.558.777.653.043.847.076.732.733.047.843.031.340.948.255.040.931.947.652.853.666.843.237.153.661.950.345.345.756.950.747.382.958.054.869.550.443.457.859.9
88.570.550.567.547.052.767.866.862.392.242.013.177.464.358.253.783.361.559.655.152.544.558.777.653.043.847.076.732.733.047.843.031.340.948.255.040.931.947.652.8
88.570.550.567.547.052.767.866.862.392.242.013.177.464.358.253.783.361.559.655.152.544.558.777.653.043.847.076.732.733.047.843.031.340.948.255.040.931.947.652.8
88.570.550.567.547.052.767.866.862.392.242.013.177.464.358.253.783.361.559.655.152.544.558.777.653.043.847.076.732.733.047.843.031.340.948.255.040.931.947.652.8
65.149.349.735.465.851.852.725.576.348.557.281.347.847.857.180.736.333.755.950.240.248.858.871.556.445.553.763.966.574.046.746.763.958.450.773.250.056.250.647.7
65.149.349.735.465.851.852.725.576.348.557.281.347.847.857.180.736.333.755.950.240.248.858.871.556.445.553.763.966.574.046.746.763.958.450.773.250.056.250.647.7
65.149.349.735.465.851.852.725.576.348.557.281.347.847.857.180.736.333.755.950.240.248.858.871.556.445.553.763.966.574.046.746.763.958.450.773.250.056.250.647.7
54.237.648.064.534.733.027.438.528.343.051.560.836.528.253.042.958.454.433.528.352.052.339.140.346.346.450.646.179.764.450.663.643.142.264.038.454.867.241.842.3
54.237.648.064.534.733.027.438.528.343.051.560.836.528.253.042.958.454.433.528.352.052.339.140.346.346.450.646.179.764.450.663.643.142.264.038.454.867.241.842.3
54.237.648.064.534.733.027.438.528.343.051.560.836.528.253.042.958.454.433.528.352.052.339.140.346.346.450.646.179.764.450.663.643.142.264.038.454.867.241.842.3
25.621.736.547.835.768.145.938.550.769.156.030.542.861.353.447.076.736.360.370.857.437.744.666.967.667.653.411.573.130.161.339.456.956.360.131.247.941.049.967.5
25.621.736.547.835.768.145.938.550.769.156.030.542.861.353.447.076.736.360.370.857.437.744.666.967.667.653.411.573.130.161.339.456.956.360.131.247.941.049.967.5
25.621.736.547.835.768.145.938.550.769.156.030.542.861.353.447.076.736.360.370.857.437.744.666.967.667.653.411.573.130.161.339.456.956.360.131.247.941.049.967.5
61.075.048.038.071.350.856.945.866.056.059.635.444.745.661.788.956.440.246.580.124.936.058.044.324.538.854.850.845.132.447.356.853.670.846.834.747.667.855.537.3
61.075.048.038.071.350.856.945.866.056.059.635.444.745.661.788.956.440.246.580.124.936.058.044.324.538.854.850.845.132.447.356.853.670.846.834.747.667.855.537.3
61.075.048.038.071.350.856.945.866.056.059.635.444.745.661.788.956.440.246.580.124.936.058.044.324.538.854.850.845.132.447.356.853.670.846.834.747.667.855.537.3
61.075.048.038.071.350.856.945.866.056.059.635.444.745.661.788.956.440.246.580.124.936.058.044.324.538.854.850.845.132.447.356.853.670.846.834.747.667.855.537.3
43.963.848.248.486.860.757.876.354.341.054.767.459.273.255.044.969.859.558.454.758.054.566.029.741.242.865.972.953.449.736.481.735.029.150.038.832.333.127.936.8
43.963.848.248.486.860.757.876.354.341.054.767.459.273.255.044.969.859.558.454.758.054.566.029.741.242.865.972.953.449.736.481.735.029.150.038.832.333.127.936.8
43.963.848.248.486.860.757.876.354.341.054.767.459.273.255.044.969.859.558.454.758.054.566.029.741.242.865.972.953.449.736.481.735.029.150.038.832.333.127.936.8
2014 Ibrahim Index of African Governance: Summary Report
Published September 2014
Copyright © 2014 Mo Ibrahim Foundation
The Mo Ibrahim Foundation (MIF) is committed to making data on the
quality of governance in Africa freely available and accessible to all
citizens of the continent and interested stakeholders. We welcome and
encourage any accurate reproduction, translation and dissemination
of this material. The material must be attributed to the Mo Ibrahim
Foundation, but not in any way that suggests that MIF endorses you or
your use of the material.
To request additional copies of this or other publications, to provide
feedback or to discuss use of the Ibrahim Index of African Governance
(IIAG) please email [email protected].
For a list of any errors or omissions found subsequent to printing, please
visit www.moibrahimfoundation.org.
2014 IIAG: SUMMARY REPORT
1
Foreword
Overview: Ibrahim Index of African Governance (IIAG)
Structure of the 2014 IIAG
Overall Governance Insights
Safety & Rule of Law
Category Insights
Sub-category Insights
Participation & Human Rights
Category Insights
Sub-category Insights
Sustainable Economic Opportunity
Category Insights
Sub-category Insights
Human Development
Category Insights
Sub-category Insights
Synthesis of the Methodology
Data Sources & Institutions
Indicators
About the Mo Ibrahim Foundation
IIAG Resources
Notes
2
3
4
6
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
27
29
34
35
36
Contents
2
Foreword
The 2014 Ibrahim Index of African Governance (IIAG) reveals discrepancies in governance performance between countries and within the four conceptual categories. More than ever, these discrepancies call for an Afro-realist approach, which tempers historical Afro-pessimism and current Afro-optimism. Anyone who wants a true grasp of African realities must reject the “one-size-fits-all” attitude which reduces the continent geographically or governance conceptually, in favour of a more granular approach. For this, the IIAG can be a very useful tool.
Of course, we must welcome the fact that 13 out of the 52 countries show wide-reaching gains, having improved in overall governance and in the political, social and economic governance dimensions over the past five years. However, the dramatic deteriorations or underperformance of some countries are a cause for concern. Over the past five years, every one of the top five ranking countries has deteriorated in at least one category, demonstrating that even the highest performers need to remain vigilant and retain an on-going commitment to the governance agenda.
My hope is that the 2014 IIAG will enable interested parties to appreciate the complexity of Africa and to better identify its potential and opportunities. I also believe that the IIAG provides the impetus to strive for better governance. The IIAG is a collaborative project and would not exist without the expertise and insight of numerous individuals and institutions. My sincere thanks go to those organisations that provide robust data on Africa, a crucial tool for the continent’s transformation. I thank too the IIAG Advisory Council and the MIF Research Team for their dedication and commitment.
Mo IbrahimFounder and Chair of the Mo Ibrahim Foundation (MIF)
2014 IIAG: SUMMARY REPORT
3
Overview: Ibrahim Index of African Governance (IIAG)
SCORE /100
81.7
76.6
76.2
73.3
73.2
70.3
68.2
66.0
64.3
62.3
60.4
59.7
59.4
58.8
58.2
57.6
57.4
56.7
56.1
54.4
53.3
52.2
51.6
51.5
51.1
51.1
51.0
49.5
49.4
49.3
49.3
48.5
48.2
47.6
46.8
46.4
45.8
45.3
44.5
44.3
43.4
43.3
42.1
40.9
38.4
38.0
34.1
33.2
32.3
29.8
24.8
8.6
Mauritius
Cabo Verde
Botswana
South Africa
Seychelles
Namibia
Ghana
Tunisia
Senegal
Lesotho
Rwanda
São Tomé & Príncipe
Zambia
Morocco
Tanzania
Malawi
Kenya
Benin
Uganda
Algeria
Burkina Faso
Mozambique
Gambia
Swaziland
Sierra Leone
Egypt
Gabon
Mali
Niger
Comoros
Liberia
Ethiopia
Madagascar
Cameroon
Djibouti
Togo
Nigeria
Burundi
Mauritania
Côte d’Ivoire
Congo
Guinea
Libya
Angola
Equatorial Guinea
Zimbabwe
Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)
Guinea-Bissau
Chad
Eritrea
Central African Republic (CAR)
Somalia
RANK /52
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
6th
7th
8th
9th
10th
11th
12th
13th
14th
15th
16th
17th
18th
19th
20th
21st
22nd
23rd
24th
25th
26th
27th
28th
29th
30th
31st
32nd
33rd
34th
35th
36th
37th
38th
39th
40th
41st
42nd
43rd
44th
45th
46th
47th
48th
49th
50th
51st
52nd
2014 IIAG COUNTRY SCORES & RANKSThe Ibrahim Index of African Governance (IIAG) provides an annual assessment of the quality of governance in African countries. Compiled by combining over 100 variables from more than 30 independent African and global sources, the IIAG is the most comprehensive collection of data on African governance.
The IIAG provides a framework for citizens, governments, institutions and the private sector to assess accurately the delivery of public goods and services, and policy outcomes, across the continent. The IIAG is both a tool to help determine and debate government performance and a decision-making instrument with which to govern.
MIF defines governance as the provision of the political, social and economic goods that a citizen has the right to expect from his or her state, and that a state has the responsibility to deliver to its citizens. The IIAG assesses progress under four main conceptual categories: Safety & Rule of Law, Participation & Human Rights, Sustainable Economic Opportunity and Human Development. These four pillars are supported by data that cover a range of governance elements, from infrastructure and freedom of expression, to sanitation and property rights.
The IIAG allows users to benchmark governance performance across a number of dimensions at national, regional and continental level. Scores and ranks are available for every year from 2000, enabling the analysis of trends over time. All of the underlying data used in the construction of the IIAG are freely available and transparently published alongside a comprehensive methodology. These can be found at www.moibrahimfoundation.org.
The 2014 IIAG was calculated using data from 34 external sources, provided by 28 independent institutions. These sources provided 130 variables which were aggregated into 95 indicators, 14 sub-categories, four categories and one overall measurement of governance performance.
Slight annual refinements are made to the IIAG, which may be methodological, or based on the inclusion or exclusion of indicators. The entire IIAG data set is therefore retrospectively revised, in accordance with best practice. Comparisons between years should be performed entirely on the 2014 IIAG data set.
Strengthening Africa Data
MIF is uniquely positioned as a user, producer and supporter of African statistics and, as such, strengthening data is a core priority. MIF advocates the importance of more and better statistics on and from Africa and to this end it collaborates with two organisations, Afrobarometer (Afrobarometer Surveys) and Global Integrity (Africa Integrity Indicators). By supporting these two data collection initiatives on the ground, MIF aims to complement existing data sets on Africa and enable a more accurate assessment of governance progress on the continent.
4
Structure of the 2014 IIAG
SAFETY & RULE OF LAW PARTICIPATION & HUMAN RIGHTS
OVERALL GOVERNANCE | 95 indicators
Rule of Law Accountability Personal Safety National Security
Judicial Process (EIUD EIU)
Sanctions (SIA CDD)
Social Unrest (EIUD EIU)
Transfers of Power (EIUD EIU)
Safety of the Person (EIUD EIU)
Judicial Independence
Judicial Independence(BTI BS)Judicial Independence(GCR WEF)Judicial Independence(AII GI)
Property Rights
Property Rights*(CPA AfDB)(IRAI WB)Property Rights (BTI BS)Property Freedom (IEF HER/WSJ)Property Rights (GCR WEF)
Cross-border Tensions (EIUD EIU)
Corruption & Bureaucracy (WGI WB)
Accountability of Public Officials (EIUD EIU)
Accountability, Transparency & Corruption in Rural Areas (PBAS IFAD)
Corruption in Government & Public Officials (EIUD EIU)
Prosecution of Abuse of Office (BTI BS)
Public Sector Corruption Bodies (AII GI)
Diversion of Public Funds (GCR WEF)
Access to Information
Public Information (AII GI)Access to Legislative Processes & Documents (AII GI)
Political Terror (PTS PTS)
Violent Crime (EIUD EIU)
Human Trafficking (TIP USDS)
Domestic Armed Conflict (EIUD EIU)
Internally Displaced People (GOT IDMC)
Political Refugees (OPD UNHCR)
Participation Rights Gender
Free & Fair Executive Elections (AEI IREEP)
Free & Fair Elections (BTI BS)
Political Participation(DI EIU)
Effective Power to Govern (BTI BS)
Political Rights (FITW FH)
Gender Equality
Gender Balance in Education(WDI WB)
Women's Participation in the Labour Force (WDI WB)
EqualRepresentation in Rural Areas (PBAS IFAD)
Women in Parliament(WDI WB)
Legislation on Violence against Women (GID-DB/SIGI OECD)
Gender Equality in the Workplace (AII GI)
Gender Equality in Appointments to Cabinet (AII GI)
Accountability, Transparency & Corruption in the Public Sector
Accountability, Transparency & Corruption in the Public Sector (CPA AfDB)(IRAI WB)
Human Rights (EIUD EIU)
Freedom of Association & Assembly
Freedom of Association & Assembly (BTI BS)Freedom of Association (AII GI)
Civil Liberties
Protection of Civil Liberties (BTI BS)Civil Liberties (FITW FH)
Freedom of Expression
Freedom of Expression (BTI BS)Press Freedom (FOTP FH)Press Freedom (WPFI RSF)
A clustered indicator is an indicator composed of a number of underlying variables which each measure the same dimension and come from different sources, or measure similar dimensions and come from the same source. For the list of data sources and institutions refer to pp. 27-28.
Clustered Indicators in the 2014 IIAG Key
*Cluster within a clustered indicator.
Refer to p. 27 for data source and institution acronyms.
Indicator(Data source and institution acronym)
Clustered indicator
Variable(Data source and institution acronym)
25 indicators
9 indicators5 indicators 6 indicators 5 indicators 5 indicators 5 indicators
18 indicators
8 indicators
International Human Rights Conventions (MTDSG UNOLA/ TBD OHCHR)
Gender Equality (CPA AfDB)(IRAI WB)
Police Services (GCR WEF)
Government Involvement in Armed Conflict (UCDP UCDP)
2014 IIAG: SUMMARY REPORT
5
HUMAN DEVELOPMENTSUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY
Public Management Business Environment Infrastructure Rural Sector
Statistical Capacity (BBSC WB)
Public Resources for Rural Development (PBAS IFAD)
Agricultural Research & Extension Services (PBAS IFAD)
Agricultural Input & Produce Markets (PBAS IFAD)
Policy & Legal Framework for Rural Organisations(PBAS IFAD)
Dialogue Between Government & Rural Organisations (PBAS IFAD)
Agricultural Policy Costs (GCR WEF)
Public Administration
Public Administration (CPA AfDB)(IRAI WB)
Diversification (AEO AfDB/OECD/UNDP/UNECA)
Reserves (CD EIU)
Budget Management
Budget Management(CPA AfDB)(IRAI WB)
Ratio of Total Revenue to Total Expenditure(ASY AU/AfDB/UNECA)
Fiscal Policy
Fiscal Policy (CPA AfDB)(IRAI WB)
Ratio of External Debt Service to Exports (CD EIU)
Access to Financial Records of State-owned Companies (AII GI)
Revenue Collection
Revenue Collection (CPA AfDB)(IRAI WB)
Competitive Environment
Competitive Environment*(CPA AfDB)(IRAI WB)Competition (BTI BS)Competitive Bidding (AII GI)
Soundness of Banks (GCR WEF)
Investment Climate for Rural Businesses (PBAS IFAD)
Rural Financial Services Development (PBAS IFAD)
Bureaucracy & Red Tape (EIUD EIU)
Customs Procedures(GCR WEF)
InvestmentClimate (IEF HER/WSJ)
Electricity Supply(GCR WEF)
Access to Land (PBAS IFAD)Access to Water for Agriculture (PBAS IFAD)
Welfare Education Health
Welfare Regime (BTI BS)
Education Provision & Quality (BTI BS)
Educational System Quality (GCR WEF)
Ratio of Pupils to Teachers in Primary School (UIS UNESCO)
Primary School Completion (WDI WB)
Progression to Secondary School (WDI WB)
Tertiary Enrolment (UIS UNESCO)
Literacy (UIS UNESCO)
Maternal Mortality(GHO WHO)
Child Mortality(CME IGME)
Social Protection & Labour
Social Protection & Labour(CPA AfDB)(IRAI WB)
Social Exclusion (BTI BS)
Welfare Services (Health & Education)
Welfare Services (Health & Education) (CPA AfDB)(IRAI WB)
Equity of Public Resource Use
Equity of Public Resource Use (CPA AfDB)(IRAI WB)
Environmental Policy (BTI BS)
Environmental Sustainability
Environmental Sustainability(CPA AfDB)(IRAI WB)
Immunisation (Measles, DPT & Hepatitis B)
Immunisation against Measles (WDI WB)Immunisation against DPT (WDI WB)Immunisation against Hepatitis B (GHO WHO)
Antiretroviral Treatment Provision
ART Provision(AD UNAIDS)ART Provision for Pregnant Women(AD UNAIDS)
Disease(Malaria & TB)
Malaria (GHO WHO)Tuberculosis (GHO WHO)
Undernourishment (WDI WB)
Access to Sanitation
Access to Improved Sanitation (WHO/UNICEF JMP WHO)Open Defecation Sanitation (WHO/UNICEF JMP WHO)
Land & Water for Low-income Rural Populations
Rail Network (EIUD EIU)
Road Network (GCR WEF)
Air Transport
Quality of Air Transport (GCR WEF)Air Transport Safety (AII GI)
Telephone Network (EIUD EIU)IT Infrastructure (EIUD EIU)
Telephone & IT Infrastructure
Digital Connectivity
Mobile Phone Subscribers(WT/ICTD ITU)Household Computers(WT/ICTD ITU)Internet Subscribers(WT/ICTD ITU)
Access to Water
Access to Piped Water (WHO/UNICEF JMP WHO)Access to Improved Water(WHO/UNICEF JMP WHO)
10 indicators 7 indicators
31 indicators
7 indicators 7 indicators 7 indicators
21 indicators
7 indicators 7 indicators
6
OVERALL GOVERNANCE
MOST IMPROVED CATEGORY
MOST IMPROVED SUB-CATEGORY
Participation & Human Rights
Health
MOST DETERIORATED CATEGORY
MOST DETERIORATED SUB-CATEGORY
Safety & Rule of Law
Accountability
SOMALIA
8.6
LOWEST COUNTRY SCORE
SCORE/100
52nd
MOST DETERIORATED INDICATORS
Soundness of Banks,Domestic Armed Conflict, Gender Equality in the Workplace.
MOST IMPROVED INDICATORS
Cross-border Tensions, Antiretroviral Treatment Provision,Legislation on Violence Against Women.
MAURITIUS
81.7
HIGHEST COUNTRY SCORE
SCORE/100
1st
2013
51.5AFRICAN AVERAGE
SOUTHERN AFRICASCORE/100
HIGHEST REGIONAL AVERAGE
CENTRAL AFRICASCORE/100
LOWEST REGIONAL AVERAGE
59.3 41.4
Overall Governance Insights
AFRICAN TRENDS OVER THE PAST 5 YEARS
23/52countries achieved their best governance performance in 2013
7/52countries showed a year-on-year improvement in score over the past 5 years
Mo Ibrahim
Nothing, simply nothing, is more important to African development than good governance.
13/52countries improved in overall governance and the 4 categories over the past 5 years
2014 IIAG: SUMMARY REPORT
7
-6.8 -6.2 -5.7
-8.0 -7.4
+5.5 +5.4 +4.6
+7.8 +6.5
IN SCORE OVER THE PAST 5 YEARS
GREATEST IMPROVEMENTS
LARGEST DETERIORATIONS
MALI0504
CAR03GUINEA-BISSAU
33.2
-5
SCORE/100
POINTS RANKS
48th/52
24.8
-1
SCORE/100
POINTS RANKS
51st/52
49.5
-9
SCORE/100
POINTS RANKS
28th/52
EGYPT01 02
LIBYA
51.1
-14
SCORE/100
POINTS RANKS
26th/52
42.1
-16
SCORE/100
POINTS RANKS
43rd/52
SENEGAL0504
ZIMBABWE03NIGER
49.4
+9
SCORE/100
POINTS RANKS
29th/52
38.0
+2
SCORE/100
POINTS RANKS
46th/52
64.3
+2
SCORE/100
POINTS RANKS
9th/52
CÔTE D’IVOIRE01 02
GUINEA
44.3
+6
SCORE/100
POINTS RANKS
40th/52
43.3
+3
SCORE/100
POINTS RANKS
42nd/52
IN SCORE OVER THE PAST 5 YEARS
8
Overall Governance Insights
OVERALL GOVERNANCE
Average improvement +2.5
Average improvement +3.8
Average improvement +5.6
Average improvement +2.7
Average improvement +3.7
Average deterioration -3.7
Average deterioration -5.1
Average deterioration -4.3
Average deterioration -3.5
Average deterioration -3.0
SAFETY & RULE OF LAW
PARTICIPATION & HUMAN RIGHTS
SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
Côte d’Ivoire*, Guinea, Niger, Zimbabwe, Senegal,
Rwanda, São Tomé & Príncipe, Kenya, Sierra
Leone, Lesotho, Liberia, Zambia, Congo, Morocco,
Togo, Seychelles, Chad, Tunisia, Ethiopia, Gabon,
Malawi, Ghana, Cameroon, Algeria, Cabo Verde,
Mauritius, Botswana, Swaziland, Namibia,
Uganda, Mauritania, DRC, Djibouti, Nigeria,
South Africa, Somalia, Angola, Comoros,
Equatorial Guinea.
Côte d’Ivoire, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Niger,
Senegal, Mauritania, Zimbabwe, Ethiopia,
Swaziland, Gabon, Zambia, Congo, Uganda,
Angola, Madagascar, Chad, Lesotho, São Tomé
& Príncipe, Kenya, Comoros, Somalia,
Cabo Verde, Liberia, Botswana, Rwanda.
Tunisia*, Libya, Côte d’Ivoire*, Niger, Guinea,
Senegal, Lesotho, Kenya, São Tomé & Príncipe,
Nigeria, Malawi, Zimbabwe, Seychelles,
Algeria, Zambia, Rwanda, Namibia, Cabo Verde,
Chad, Egypt, Mauritius, Cameroon, Botswana,
Madagascar, Somalia, Togo, Ghana, Equatorial
Guinea, Djibouti, Liberia, Congo, Morocco,
Gabon, Sierra Leone, Mozambique.
DRC, Morocco, Rwanda, Djibouti, Seychelles,
Liberia, Kenya, Comoros, Zambia, Mauritius,
Congo, South Africa, Nigeria, Togo, Lesotho,
Cabo Verde, Swaziland, São Tomé & Príncipe,
Côte d’Ivoire, Guinea, Zimbabwe, Chad, Mali,
Gambia, Uganda, Sierra Leone, Gabon,
Equatorial Guinea.
Zimbabwe, Togo, Rwanda, São Tomé & Príncipe,
Liberia, Ghana, Burundi, Ethiopia, Côte d’Ivoire,
Angola, Sierra Leone, Congo, Morocco, Namibia,
Cameroon, Malawi, Benin, Mauritania, Senegal,
Guinea, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Kenya, Gabon,
Gambia, Tanzania, Niger, DRC, Chad, Algeria,
South Africa, Seychelles, Uganda, Mauritius,
Lesotho, Swaziland, Mozambique, Zambia,
Somalia, CAR, Mali.
*Statistically significant movement in governance performance at the 90% confidence level.+Countries are listed by magnitude of improvement or deterioration.
39
25
35
28
41
Egypt, Libya, Guinea-Bissau, CAR, Mali, Benin, Eritrea, Mozambique, Tanzania, Burkina Faso, Madagascar, Gambia, Burundi.
Egypt*, Libya*, CAR, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Benin, Mozambique, Nigeria, Tunisia, Tanzania, Burkina Faso, Djibouti, DRC, Burundi, Mauritius, Eritrea, Namibia, Seychelles, Algeria, Malawi, Cameroon, Morocco, South Africa, Togo, Equatorial Guinea, Ghana, Gambia.
Mali, Guinea-Bissau, CAR, Gambia, Angola, Benin, DRC, Mauritania, Comoros, Burundi, Swaziland, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Burkina Faso, Eritrea, Ethiopia.
Libya*, Egypt, Madagascar, Tunisia, Burkina Faso, Guinea-Bissau, Benin, Tanzania, CAR, Eritrea, Somalia, Mauritania, Mozambique, Namibia, Botswana, Ghana, Angola, Ethiopia, Malawi, Niger, Burundi, Algeria, Senegal, Cameroon.
Libya, Tunisia, Madagascar, Eritrea, Cabo Verde, Egypt, Comoros, Equatorial Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Djibouti, Nigeria.
13
27
17
24
11
IMPROVED COUNTRIES DETERIORATED COUNTRIESOVER THE PAST 5 YEARS+ OVER THE PAST 5 YEARS+
2014 IIAG: SUMMARY REPORT
9
49.3
28.2
55.2
71.0
51.1
35.7
69.8
41.0
28.8
31.0
41.0
33.3
38.0
26.4
45.8
53.1
32.5
33.5
40.1
44.0
49.0
61.4
37.0
35.3
53.0
53.8
29.8
45.6
54.9
51.4
49.5
47.1
74.3
52.4
50.8
65.3
41.5
43.5
46.2
54.8
56.2
67.2
34.0
9.4
71.1
47.2
56.2
35.9
62.0
50.8
51.9
35.5
46.6
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
Algeria
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cabo Verde
Cameroon
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo
Côte d’Ivoire
Democratic Republic of Congo
Djibouti
Egypt
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Morocco
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
São Tomé & Príncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Tunisia
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
African average
2000
53.0
40.6
60.2
74.9
55.0
45.4
75.2
46.1
31.1
29.8
49.1
40.3
36.6
33.3
46.0
59.1
38.3
32.6
46.4
49.0
52.4
66.6
36.7
40.0
53.3
58.4
46.0
49.5
49.3
55.7
55.2
43.7
80.4
56.0
54.4
69.1
43.9
45.3
55.8
55.3
59.7
70.5
47.2
8.0
72.8
50.2
60.0
43.6
63.8
55.1
56.3
32.6
50.6
54.2
42.3
60.9
75.5
53.9
44.1
76.4
46.8
31.9
31.4
48.6
41.8
36.2
33.5
45.9
58.6
39.2
32.3
46.7
50.5
52.8
67.1
41.5
41.6
54.8
58.3
48.2
47.8
47.4
56.9
55.8
45.9
80.3
56.2
54.5
70.1
45.9
44.9
56.7
55.9
59.5
71.9
50.0
8.2
73.1
50.4
59.9
46.1
63.3
57.2
56.5
33.3
51.2
52.5
42.7
59.9
76.1
53.0
44.5
76.6
46.8
33.2
32.9
48.4
43.2
38.4
34.3
45.9
54.5
39.5
30.9
47.7
50.7
52.8
67.7
42.3
41.3
55.7
58.9
49.5
40.4
45.2
56.1
57.2
46.5
81.0
56.6
54.4
70.2
51.0
44.9
58.4
58.0
59.8
71.7
50.6
7.5
73.3
50.4
59.6
45.7
64.6
57.4
57.5
36.3
51.4
53.2
44.0
59.4
76.1
53.7
44.5
76.4
47.8
32.2
33.2
49.2
42.6
42.4
32.3
47.2
55.7
39.4
30.5
48.2
51.2
53.0
67.7
43.2
35.0
55.4
61.0
50.3
46.3
45.0
56.7
48.9
48.0
81.4
57.7
54.2
69.9
49.8
45.4
60.2
58.7
62.5
72.0
50.4
8.5
73.0
50.1
59.1
46.6
65.1
57.7
59.4
37.0
51.7
2009 2010 2011 2012
Overall Governance2013
Safety & Rule of Law2013
2014 IIAG: SCORES & RANKS Participation& Human Rights2013
Sustainable Economic Opportunity2013
Human Development2013
SCORE /100
7th
41st
25th
5th
38th
35th
3rd
22nd
51st
50th
30th
39th
43rd
48th
29th
11th
26th
49th
27th
18th
15th
8th
44th
46th
16th
24th
33rd
13th
42nd
28th
37th
36th
1st
10th
40th
12th
47th
34th
9th
14th
17th
2nd
45th
52nd
6th
20th
23rd
31st
4th
19th
21st
32nd
23rd
42nd
25th
4th
17th
38th
8th
27th
49th
45th
44th
37th
30th
41st
24th
13th
46th
51st
20th
34th
12th
14th
40th
48th
11th
21st
39th
47th
29th
28th
15th
32nd
1st
3rd
26th
9th
35th
31st
6th
36th
10th
5th
33rd
52nd
2nd
16th
19th
43rd
7th
22nd
18th
50th
31st
40th
11th
8th
23rd
25th
1st
37th
48th
49th
22nd
38th
29th
44th
45th
36th
50th
51st
42nd
33rd
43rd
7th
32nd
47th
17th
9th
20th
34th
24th
13th
28th
35th
2nd
39th
14th
3rd
21st
26th
27th
10th
6th
5th
19th
52nd
4th
46th
12th
30th
15th
18th
16th
41st
34th
39th
23rd
1st
18th
43rd
3rd
36th
51st
46th
21st
37th
40th
50th
29th
42nd
41st
48th
31st
19th
30th
6th
35th
49th
27th
7th
26th
47th
32nd
11th
33rd
38th
2nd
15th
28th
4th
22nd
44th
17th
9th
12th
5th
16th
52nd
8th
13th
20th
24th
14th
25th
10th
45th
46.8
43.1
55.6
85.3
57.7
40.4
78.2
45.4
12.0
33.9
56.6
45.0
41.6
23.7
50.6
40.9
41.5
31.0
50.0
57.6
50.2
69.9
46.5
30.5
51.3
69.5
51.5
33.2
49.0
64.6
48.6
43.4
84.5
58.7
50.8
74.9
56.0
38.1
58.2
65.7
63.5
70.8
58.5
5.9
68.1
60.8
57.4
54.6
59.1
53.3
65.1
37.7
51.7
20th
44th
18th
3rd
21st
38th
2nd
34th
51st
49th
30th
41st
40th
47th
35th
26th
45th
50th
32nd
27th
23rd
7th
42nd
48th
17th
10th
31st
43rd
33rd
16th
28th
39th
1st
14th
22nd
6th
29th
37th
11th
12th
9th
5th
25th
52nd
4th
24th
15th
36th
8th
19th
13th
46th
54.4
40.9
56.7
76.2
53.3
45.3
76.6
47.6
24.8
32.3
49.3
43.4
44.3
34.1
46.8
51.1
38.4
29.8
48.5
51.0
51.6
68.2
43.3
33.2
57.4
62.3
49.3
42.1
48.2
57.6
49.5
44.5
81.7
58.8
52.2
70.3
49.4
45.8
60.4
59.7
64.3
73.2
51.1
8.6
73.3
51.5
58.2
46.4
66.0
56.1
59.4
38.0
51.5
43.4
37.3
65.6
73.1
53.2
49.6
83.5
39.3
28.2
28.1
53.8
38.1
43.9
32.6
32.1
40.0
25.9
22.8
36.7
42.0
36.4
73.6
43.2
30.1
59.3
69.9
55.4
40.5
51.0
62.9
45.9
40.1
77.0
37.5
60.7
75.0
55.0
48.9
47.7
66.5
73.7
74.1
57.4
10.7
74.4
31.0
65.5
43.8
60.6
58.4
60.4
37.0
49.9
49.9
34.6
47.0
65.9
51.0
38.5
63.1
46.2
24.8
29.9
31.3
39.2
43.5
34.8
48.1
54.2
28.4
21.9
50.4
41.5
54.2
53.6
35.9
25.7
54.4
50.4
36.8
27.1
44.1
45.9
51.8
42.0
79.7
69.1
46.8
62.2
40.9
43.3
63.4
40.4
56.7
63.6
41.6
3.5
71.9
51.6
50.5
32.8
63.3
50.1
51.0
23.5
45.6
77.5
48.6
58.5
80.4
51.2
52.7
81.6
59.6
34.3
37.1
55.7
51.2
48.3
45.2
56.4
69.4
57.9
43.5
56.9
62.8
65.4
75.5
47.5
46.7
64.6
59.3
53.6
67.4
48.6
56.8
51.6
52.6
85.6
70.1
50.5
68.9
45.8
53.0
72.1
66.3
63.4
84.4
47.1
14.1
78.8
62.6
59.6
54.6
81.0
62.8
61.4
53.9
58.7
10
Safety & Rule of Law: Category Insights
SAFETY & RULE OF LAW
MOST IMPROVED SUB-CATEGORY
National Security
MOST DETERIORATED SUB-CATEGORY
Accountability
MOST IMPROVED INDICATORS
Cross-border Tensions,Safety of the Person,Internally Displaced People.
MOST DETERIORATED INDICATORS
Domestic Armed Conflict,Government Involvement in Armed Conflict,Violent Crime.
SOMALIA
5.9
LOWEST COUNTRY SCORE
SCORE/100
52nd
BOTSWANA
85.3
HIGHEST COUNTRY SCORE
SCORE/100
1st
2013
51.7AFRICAN AVERAGE
SOUTHERN AFRICASCORE/100
HIGHEST REGIONAL AVERAGE
CENTRAL AFRICASCORE/100
LOWEST REGIONAL AVERAGE
62.8 40.6
AFRICAN TRENDS OVER THE PAST 5 YEARS
This category measures the extent to which all individuals are protected from both internal and external threats to the peace, and the existence of a robust legal system and transparent, effective and accessible institutions, within all branches of the state.
10/52countries achieved their best governance performance in 2013
To ensure maximum progress in the efforts to promote good governance in Africa, the imperatives of rule of law and individual safety must be pursued in equal measure.
Salim Ahmed Salim
2014 IIAG: SUMMARY REPORT
11
+5.1+6.5
-9.4-11.8-14.5
-18.2-21.3
+9.5
+10.0+10.0
GREATEST IMPROVEMENTS
LARGEST DETERIORATIONS
MALI0504
GUINEA-BISSAU03CAR
12.0
NO RANK CHANGE
SCORE/100
POINTS
51st/52
30.5
-9
SCORE/100
POINTS RANKS
49th/52
48.6
-12
SCORE/100
POINTS RANKS
33rd/52
EGYPT01 02
LIBYA
40.9
-29
SCORE/100
POINTS RANKS
42nd/52
33.2
-20
SCORE/100
POINTS RANKS
47th/52
SENEGAL0504
NIGER03SIERRA LEONE
58.5
+17
SCORE/100
POINTS RANKS
16th/52
56.0
+9
SCORE/100
POINTS RANKS
22nd/52
63.5
+7
SCORE/100
POINTS RANKS
12th/52
CÔTE D’IVOIRE01 02
GUINEA
41.6
+8
SCORE/100
POINTS RANKS
40th/52
46.5
+10
SCORE/100
POINTS RANKS
35th/52
IN SCORE OVER THE PAST 5 YEARS
IN SCORE OVER THE PAST 5 YEARS
12
Safety & Rule of Law: Sub-category Insights
AFRICAN AVERAGE
47.1
PERSONAL SAFETY
ACCOUNTABILITY
RULE OF LAW
AFRICAN AVERAGE
38.9
AFRICAN AVERAGE
43.6
AFRICAN AVERAGE
77.1
NATIONAL SECURITY
BOTSWANA
95.5
HIGHEST COUNTRY SCORE
SCORE/100
SOMALIA
0.0
LOWEST COUNTRY SCORE
SCORE/100
SOUTHERN AFRICASCORE/100
HIGHEST REGIONAL AVERAGE
64.4
CENTRAL AFRICASCORE/100
LOWEST REGIONAL AVERAGE
32.6
BOTSWANA
77.3
HIGHEST COUNTRY SCORE
SCORE/100
SOMALIA
2.0
LOWEST COUNTRY SCORE
SCORE/100
SOUTHERN AFRICASCORE/100
HIGHEST REGIONAL AVERAGE
50.4
CENTRAL AFRICASCORE/100
LOWEST REGIONAL AVERAGE
25.6
CABO VERDE
100.0
HIGHEST COUNTRY SCORE
SCORE/100
CAR
10.0
LOWEST COUNTRY SCORE
SCORE/100
SOUTHERN AFRICASCORE/100
HIGHEST REGIONAL AVERAGE
89.3
CENTRAL AFRICASCORE/100
LOWEST REGIONAL AVERAGE
66.9
SÃO TOMÉ & PRÍNCIPE
75.0
HIGHEST COUNTRY SCORE
SCORE/100
SOMALIA
3.1
LOWEST COUNTRY SCORE
SCORE/100
SOUTHERN AFRICASCORE/100
HIGHEST REGIONAL AVERAGE
47.0
CENTRAL AFRICASCORE/100
LOWEST REGIONAL AVERAGE
37.3
2014 IIAG: SUMMARY REPORT
13
Algeria
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cabo Verde
Cameroon
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo
Côte d’Ivoire
Democratic Republic of Congo
Djibouti
Egypt
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Morocco
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
São Tomé & Príncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Tunisia
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
-1.7
+3.3
-9.1
+0.7
-3.7
-3.1
+1.1
-1.3
-14.5
+2.9
+1.5
+3.4
+10.0
-3.2
-3.5
-21.3
-0.2
-2.4
+4.2
+3.7
-0.1
-0.2
+10.0
-11.8
+2.0
+2.8
+0.8
-18.2
+2.9
-1.3
-9.4
+4.8
-2.7
-1.2
-8.2
-2.1
+6.5
-6.6
+0.2
+2.4
+5.1
-1.9
+9.5
+1.3
-1.2
+3.9
-4.0
-0.9
-5.2
+3.4
+3.6
+4.7
CHANGESINCE 2009
46.8
43.1
55.6
85.3
57.7
40.4
78.2
45.4
12.0
33.9
56.6
45.0
41.6
23.7
50.6
40.9
41.5
31.0
50.0
57.6
50.2
69.9
46.5
30.5
51.3
69.5
51.5
33.2
49.0
64.6
48.6
43.4
84.5
58.7
50.8
74.9
56.0
38.1
58.2
65.7
63.5
70.8
58.5
5.9
68.1
60.8
57.4
54.6
59.1
53.3
65.1
37.7
CATEGORY
SCORE RANK
34th
39th
23rd
1st
18th
43rd
3rd
36th
51st
46th
21st
37th
40th
50th
29th
42nd
41st
48th
31st
19th
30th
6th
35th
49th
27th
7th
26th
47th
32nd
11th
33rd
38th
2nd
15th
28th
4th
22nd
44th
17th
9th
12th
5th
16th
52nd
8th
13th
20th
24th
14th
25th
10th
45th
41.4
35.0
59.4
95.5
47.0
42.1
82.5
31.8
15.2
26.5
42.5
30.4
26.6
31.8
40.4
27.9
23.2
4.4
47.8
51.0
35.9
85.0
40.9
6.7
55.4
68.5
42.3
13.0
26.4
71.2
39.0
38.1
94.4
58.7
48.3
83.7
46.8
41.0
50.0
50.6
70.1
64.5
55.3
0.0
93.0
58.9
54.0
49.0
55.6
53.6
69.3
29.0
42.5
15.5
37.2
77.3
44.7
27.0
68.1
29.4
15.2
24.7
34.2
24.5
29.0
22.8
30.8
35.1
12.8
22.8
38.8
33.3
32.1
57.3
30.1
13.9
42.9
65.0
37.1
18.0
41.1
45.3
43.7
27.4
74.6
42.9
36.7
66.7
44.3
36.6
62.8
42.3
47.9
54.4
41.1
2.0
67.4
47.2
39.9
36.6
57.1
36.0
44.9
23.6
42.9
37.5
54.0
68.7
52.5
31.8
62.1
40.8
7.5
26.4
60.0
42.5
37.9
10.0
50.0
29.0
40.0
37.5
52.0
56.3
48.7
54.5
29.2
25.0
34.3
49.7
44.6
26.1
38.8
52.0
50.0
31.3
69.2
53.0
44.6
54.5
55.0
16.5
55.8
75.0
60.8
64.5
54.7
3.1
30.4
47.2
45.9
47.5
43.6
49.1
51.1
20.1
60.4
84.3
71.7
100.0
86.6
61.0
100.0
79.7
10.0
58.1
89.6
82.8
72.8
30.0
81.2
71.6
89.9
59.3
61.4
89.9
84.0
82.9
86.0
76.3
72.5
95.0
82.0
75.5
90.0
90.0
61.5
76.8
100.0
80.0
73.3
94.7
78.0
58.2
64.4
94.9
75.1
99.9
82.9
18.3
81.7
90.0
90.0
85.2
79.9
74.5
95.0
78.1
RULE OF LAW ACCOUNTABILITY PERSONAL SAFETY NATIONAL SECURITY
SCORE SCORESCORE SCORERANK RANKRANK RANK
31st
38th
12th
1st
26th
30th
6th
40th
48th
45th
28th
41st
44th
39th
34th
43rd
47th
51st
25th
20th
37th
4th
33rd
50th
16th
10th
29th
49th
46th
7th
35th
36th
2nd
14th
24th
5th
27th
32nd
22nd
21st
8th
11th
17th
52nd
3rd
13th
18th
23rd
15th
19th
9th
42nd
20th
48th
26th
1st
15th
41st
3rd
38th
49th
42nd
33rd
43rd
39th
45th
36th
32nd
51st
46th
25th
34th
35th
8th
37th
50th
18th
6th
27th
47th
23rd
13th
17th
40th
2nd
19th
28th
5th
16th
30th
7th
21st
11th
10th
22nd
52nd
4th
12th
24th
29th
9th
31st
14th
44th
31st
37th
14th
3rd
16th
40th
5th
33rd
51st
45th
7th
32nd
36th
50th
21st
44th
34th
38th
17th
8th
24th
13th
43rd
47th
39th
22nd
29th
46th
35th
18th
20th
41st
2nd
15th
28th
12th
10th
49th
9th
1st
6th
4th
11th
52nd
42nd
26th
27th
25th
30th
23rd
19th
48th
46th
19th
40th
3rd
16th
45th
1st
29th
52nd
49th
15th
23rd
38th
50th
26th
41st
14th
47th
44th
13th
20th
21st
17th
33rd
39th
5th
24th
34th
9th
10th
43rd
32nd
2nd
27th
37th
8th
31st
48th
42nd
7th
35th
4th
22nd
51st
25th
12th
11th
18th
28th
36th
6th
30th
SAFETY & RULE OF LAW:SCORES & RANKS
14
Participation & Human Rights: Category Insights
PARTICIPATION & HUMAN RIGHTS
MOST IMPROVED SUB-CATEGORY
ParticipationLEAST IMPROVED SUB-CATEGORY
Rights
MOST IMPROVED INDICATORS
Legislation on Violence Against Women,International Human Rights Conventions,Political Participation.
MOST DETERIORATED INDICATORS
Gender Equality in the Workplace,Freedom of Association & Assembly,Human Rights.
SOMALIA
10.7
LOWEST COUNTRY SCORE
SCORE/100
52nd
CABO VERDE
83.5
HIGHEST COUNTRY SCORE
SCORE/100
1st
2013
49.9AFRICAN AVERAGE
SOUTHERN AFRICASCORE/100
HIGHEST REGIONAL AVERAGE
CENTRAL AFRICASCORE/100
LOWEST REGIONAL AVERAGE
59.1 37.6
This category captures the relationship between government and citizen. It measures both the extent to which individuals can participate in, and take ownership of, the political process and the state’s achievement in guaranteeing the political and social rights of all citizens.
AFRICAN TRENDS OVER THE PAST 5 YEARS
20/52countries achieved their best governance performance in 2013
A people-centred approach to participation and human rights is about including the most vulnerable, making governments more accountable and ensuring the participation of all citizens.
Mary Robinson
2014 IIAG: SUMMARY REPORT
15
-7.4 -7.0 -5.7
-14.5 -10.2
+14.2 +13.7 +11.8
+24.9 +17.5
GREATEST IMPROVEMENTS
LARGESTDETERIORATIONS
ANGOLA0504
GAMBIA03CAR
28.2
-6
SCORE/100
POINTS RANKS
48th/52
36.4
-17
SCORE/100
POINTS RANKS
43rd/52
37.3
-13
SCORE/100
POINTS RANKS
40th/52
MALI01 02
GUINEA-BISSAU
45.9
-16
SCORE/100
POINTS RANKS
28th/52
30.1
-14
SCORE/100
POINTS RANKS
47th/52
GUINEA0504
NIGER03CÔTE D’IVOIRE
43.9
+18
SCORE/100
POINTS RANKS
29th/52
55.0
+10
SCORE/100
POINTS RANKS
21st/52
43.2
+13
SCORE/100
POINTS RANKS
32nd/52
TUNISIA01 02
LIBYA
60.6
+26
SCORE/100
POINTS RANKS
15th/52
40.5
+17
SCORE/100
POINTS RANKS
34th/52
IN SCORE OVER THE PAST 5 YEARS
IN SCORE OVER THE PAST 5 YEARS
16
Participation & Human Rights: Sub-category Insights
AFRICAN AVERAGE
47.0
GENDER
RIGHTS
PARTICIPATION
AFRICAN AVERAGE
49.4
AFRICAN AVERAGE
53.2
CABO VERDE
96.1
HIGHEST COUNTRY SCORE
SCORE/100
SOMALIA
2.8
LOWEST COUNTRY SCORE
SCORE/100
SOUTHERN AFRICASCORE/100
HIGHEST REGIONAL AVERAGE
59.3
CENTRAL AFRICASCORE/100
LOWEST REGIONAL AVERAGE
29.3
CABO VERDE
84.0
HIGHEST COUNTRY SCORE
SCORE/100
SOMALIA
7.3
LOWEST COUNTRY SCORE
SCORE/100
WEST AFRICASCORE/100
HIGHEST REGIONAL AVERAGE
57.4
CENTRAL AFRICASCORE/100
LOWEST REGIONAL AVERAGE
36.7
SEYCHELLES
88.7
HIGHEST COUNTRY SCORE
SCORE/100
SOMALIA
22.1
LOWEST COUNTRY SCORE
SCORE/100
SOUTHERN AFRICASCORE/100
HIGHEST REGIONAL AVERAGE
62.1
NORTH AFRICASCORE/100
LOWEST REGIONAL AVERAGE
42.1
2014 IIAG: SUMMARY REPORT
17
Algeria
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cabo Verde
Cameroon
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo
Côte d’Ivoire
Democratic Republic of Congo
Djibouti
Egypt
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Morocco
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
São Tomé & Príncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Tunisia
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
+5.1
-5.7
-5.0
+3.1
-1.8
-2.5
+4.2
+3.4
-7.4
+3.7
-2.8
+1.3
+14.2
-4.3
+1.6
+3.6
+1.6
-1.0
-0.2
+1.0
-7.0
+2.0
+11.8
-10.2
+7.4
+8.8
+1.5
+17.5
+2.8
+6.2
-14.5
-2.9
+3.5
+1.0
+0.5
+4.2
+13.7
+6.4
+4.3
+6.6
+10.1
+5.2
+0.9
+2.5
-2.1
-2.2
-2.1
+2.1
+24.9
-1.8
+4.6
+5.3
CHANGESINCE 2009
43.4
37.3
65.6
73.1
53.2
49.6
83.5
39.3
28.2
28.1
53.8
38.1
43.9
32.6
32.1
40.0
25.9
22.8
36.7
42.0
36.4
73.6
43.2
30.1
59.3
69.9
55.4
40.5
51.0
62.9
45.9
40.1
77.0
37.5
60.7
75.0
55.0
48.9
47.7
66.5
73.7
74.1
57.4
10.7
74.4
31.0
65.5
43.8
60.6
58.4
60.4
37.0
SCORE RANK
31st
40th
11th
8th
23rd
25th
1st
37th
48th
49th
22nd
38th
29th
44th
45th
36th
50th
51st
42nd
33rd
43rd
7th
32nd
47th
17th
9th
20th
34th
24th
13th
28th
35th
2nd
39th
14th
3rd
21st
26th
27th
10th
6th
5th
19th
52nd
4th
46th
12th
30th
15th
18th
16th
41st
30.0
34.8
73.1
78.5
47.4
43.6
96.1
27.5
17.6
17.6
59.8
26.0
51.7
19.9
24.0
42.8
15.1
2.8
27.0
37.0
24.8
80.1
40.8
12.7
65.7
82.4
65.1
53.3
36.4
64.2
44.2
29.5
83.9
22.7
60.7
80.1
68.2
52.2
19.3
73.8
75.0
70.8
61.0
2.8
81.1
11.9
65.6
35.8
61.5
46.7
69.5
27.7
54.5
35.8
69.3
68.5
65.8
38.6
84.0
36.6
27.9
29.1
63.5
38.6
46.2
32.7
31.3
41.3
10.5
8.6
28.8
47.1
26.2
78.1
41.5
39.2
51.1
60.9
48.1
37.9
49.2
61.6
54.4
47.4
81.7
53.5
53.6
73.3
68.1
49.0
36.3
71.0
74.7
62.8
64.2
7.3
67.8
29.7
63.2
52.6
59.3
56.9
60.6
30.2
45.8
41.4
54.5
72.3
46.4
66.7
70.2
53.9
39.1
37.7
38.1
49.6
33.7
45.2
40.9
35.8
52.2
56.9
54.3
41.8
58.3
62.7
47.4
38.5
61.2
66.3
53.0
30.4
67.4
62.9
39.0
43.5
65.3
36.3
67.9
71.6
28.6
45.7
87.6
54.5
71.4
88.7
46.9
22.1
74.3
51.5
67.6
43.1
61.0
71.6
51.0
53.0
PARTICIPATION RIGHTS GENDER
SCORE SCORE SCORERANK RANK RANK
35th
34th
10th
7th
25th
28th
1st
38th
46th
47th
21st
40th
24th
44th
42nd
29th
48th
51st
39th
31st
41st
6th
30th
49th
14th
3rd
16th
22nd
32nd
17th
27th
36th
2nd
43rd
20th
5th
13th
23rd
45th
9th
8th
11th
19th
52nd
4th
50th
15th
33rd
18th
26th
12th
37th
21st
41st
7th
8th
11th
37th
1st
39th
48th
46th
13th
36th
32nd
42nd
43rd
34th
50th
51st
47th
31st
49th
3rd
33rd
35th
26th
17th
29th
38th
27th
16th
22nd
30th
2nd
24th
23rd
5th
9th
28th
40th
6th
4th
15th
12th
52nd
10th
45th
14th
25th
19th
20th
18th
44th
34th
40th
22nd
4th
33rd
12th
8th
24th
42nd
46th
45th
30th
49th
36th
41st
48th
27th
20th
23rd
39th
19th
16th
31st
44th
17th
13th
25th
50th
11th
15th
43rd
37th
14th
47th
9th
5th
51st
35th
2nd
21st
7th
1st
32nd
52nd
3rd
28th
10th
38th
18th
6th
29th
26th
CATEGORYPARTICIPATION & HUMAN RIGHTS: SCORES & RANKS
18
Sustainable Economic Opportunity: Category Insights
SUSTAINABLEECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY
MOST IMPROVED SUB-CATEGORY
Infrastructure
MOST DETERIORATED SUB-CATEGORY
Business Environment
MOST IMPROVED INDICATORS
Digital Connectivity,Investment Climate,Telephone & IT Infrastructure.
MOST DETERIORATED INDICATORS
Soundness of Banks,Reserves,Electricity Supply.
SOMALIA
3.5
LOWEST COUNTRY SCORE
SCORE/100
52nd
MAURITIUS
79.7
HIGHEST COUNTRY SCORE
SCORE/100
1st
2013
45.6AFRICAN AVERAGE
SOUTHERN AFRICASCORE/100
HIGHEST REGIONAL AVERAGE
CENTRAL AFRICASCORE/100
LOWEST REGIONAL AVERAGE
52.3 35.7
This category assesses whether the state provides the conditions necessary for the pursuit of economic opportunities that contribute to a prosperous and equitable society. It measures the delivery of sound economic policies and the provision of a sustainable economic environment that is conducive to investment and the operation of a business.
AFRICAN TRENDS OVER THE PAST 5 YEARS
15/52countries achieved their best governance performance in 2013
Lord Simon Cairns
Freedom to participate in the creation of economic wealth is a key right for all citizens, and governments have an overwhelming duty to develop an enabling framework.
2014 IIAG: SUMMARY REPORT
19
-5.6 -5.4 -4.5
-18.6 -12.6
+6.3 +5.4 +5.2
+7.8 +7.3
GREATEST IMPROVEMENTS
LARGEST DETERIORATIONS
BURKINA FASO0504
TUNISIA03MADAGASCAR
44.1
-8
SCORE/100
POINTS RANKS
29th/52
63.3
-4
SCORE/100
POINTS RANKS
7th/52
51.0
-5
SCORE/100
POINTS RANKS
17th/52
LIBYA01 02
EGYPT
27.1
-18
SCORE/100
POINTS RANKS
47th/52
54.2
-8
SCORE/100
POINTS RANKS
13th/52
SEYCHELLES0504
DJIBOUTI03RWANDA
63.4
+4
SCORE/100
POINTS RANKS
6th/52
48.1
+7
SCORE/100
POINTS RANKS
24th/52
63.6
+4
SCORE/100
POINTS RANKS
5th/52
DRC01 02
MOROCCO
34.8
+8
SCORE/100
POINTS RANKS
41st/52
69.1
+4
SCORE/100
POINTS RANKS
3rd/52
IN SCORE OVER THE PAST 5 YEARS
IN SCORE OVER THE PAST 5 YEARS
20
Sustainable Economic Opportunity: Sub-category Insights
AFRICAN AVERAGE
47.1
INFRASTRUCTURE
BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
PUBLIC MANAGEMENT
AFRICAN AVERAGE
46.1
AFRICAN AVERAGE
36.4
AFRICAN AVERAGE
53.8
RURAL SECTOR
SOUTH AFRICA
74.5
HIGHEST COUNTRY SCORE
SCORE/100
SOMALIA
2.2
LOWEST COUNTRY SCORE
SCORE/100
SOUTHERN AFRICASCORE/100
HIGHEST REGIONAL AVERAGE
52.4
CENTRAL AFRICASCORE/100
LOWEST REGIONAL AVERAGE
40.6
MAURITIUS
90.4
HIGHEST COUNTRY SCORE
SCORE/100
SOMALIA
1.1
LOWEST COUNTRY SCORE
SCORE/100
SOUTHERN AFRICASCORE/100
HIGHEST REGIONAL AVERAGE
55.6
CENTRAL AFRICASCORE/100
LOWEST REGIONAL AVERAGE
33.0
CABO VERDE
80.3
HIGHEST COUNTRY SCORE
SCORE/100
ZIMBABWE
11.9
LOWEST COUNTRY SCORE
SCORE/100
EAST AFRICASCORE/100
HIGHEST REGIONAL AVERAGE
58.6
CENTRAL AFRICASCORE/100
LOWEST REGIONAL AVERAGE
44.6
SEYCHELLES
81.6
HIGHEST COUNTRY SCORE
SCORE/100
SOMALIA
7.2
LOWEST COUNTRY SCORE
SCORE/100
NORTH AFRICASCORE/100
HIGHEST REGIONAL AVERAGE
50.3
CENTRAL AFRICASCORE/100
LOWEST REGIONAL AVERAGE
24.4
2014 IIAG: SUMMARY REPORT
21
Algeria
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cabo Verde
Cameroon
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo
Côte d’Ivoire
Democratic Republic of Congo
Djibouti
Egypt
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Morocco
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
São Tomé & Príncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Tunisia
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
-0.4
-1.6
-3.7
-1.8
-4.5
-0.5
+2.1
-0.3
-3.5
+0.8
+3.8
+3.0
+1.1
+7.8
+5.4
-12.6
+0.1
-3.2
-1.4
+0.1
+0.7
-1.8
+1.0
-4.4
+3.9
+2.2
+4.9
-18.6
-5.6
-1.2
+0.8
-2.1
+3.0
+7.3
-2.1
-1.9
-1.0
+2.8
+6.3
+1.3
-0.3
+5.2
+0.4
-2.2
+2.9
+2.0
-3.7
+2.4
-5.4
+0.6
+3.2
+0.9
CHANGESINCE 2009
49.9
34.6
47.0
65.9
51.0
38.5
63.1
46.2
24.8
29.9
31.3
39.2
43.5
34.8
48.1
54.2
28.4
21.9
50.4
41.5
54.2
53.6
35.9
25.7
54.4
50.4
36.8
27.1
44.1
45.9
51.8
42.0
79.7
69.1
46.8
62.2
40.9
43.3
63.4
40.4
56.7
63.6
41.6
3.5
71.9
51.6
50.5
32.8
63.3
50.1
51.0
23.5
SCORE RANK
23rd
42nd
25th
4th
17th
38th
8th
27th
49th
45th
44th
37th
30th
41st
24th
13th
46th
51st
20th
34th
12th
14th
40th
48th
11th
21st
39th
47th
29th
28th
15th
32nd
1st
3rd
26th
9th
35th
31st
6th
36th
10th
5th
33rd
52nd
2nd
16th
19th
43rd
7th
22nd
18th
50th
56.5
40.5
56.8
69.5
59.3
41.9
59.7
48.5
27.6
38.9
30.1
54.3
44.7
44.1
39.9
43.1
31.3
19.0
50.4
41.3
45.0
48.3
48.4
29.1
55.3
56.4
42.0
28.9
43.0
47.0
59.4
48.8
70.5
60.7
55.2
48.9
50.6
53.2
58.4
38.5
61.6
45.4
42.0
2.2
74.5
48.9
55.2
47.1
61.6
51.6
47.6
27.5
44.6
30.6
50.6
72.8
48.0
36.6
63.0
40.0
25.7
28.1
33.0
29.3
45.8
28.1
53.9
53.6
26.9
7.9
45.7
43.3
56.1
64.3
32.6
25.6
51.2
55.2
42.5
17.2
49.8
48.7
51.1
35.8
90.4
72.0
45.7
65.3
45.8
44.8
79.1
42.6
65.5
58.6
46.5
1.1
77.6
53.9
51.3
30.7
55.1
56.8
61.1
16.7
44.5
28.5
22.6
58.4
27.6
22.7
49.6
37.9
22.1
12.7
26.6
26.7
45.7
10.3
51.2
56.8
14.1
10.9
41.6
41.2
45.7
40.9
15.7
20.3
45.9
38.4
25.0
38.6
29.9
34.7
36.1
26.1
77.9
66.9
28.6
75.8
11.0
19.6
39.6
30.2
34.3
81.6
23.4
7.2
77.1
48.3
32.1
16.6
68.6
29.1
38.2
38.0
53.8
38.9
57.8
62.9
69.1
53.0
80.3
58.3
24.0
40.0
35.6
46.3
38.0
56.7
47.2
63.4
41.1
49.9
63.9
40.2
70.1
61.0
46.8
27.7
65.2
51.5
37.6
23.8
53.6
53.4
60.7
57.2
80.0
76.7
57.9
58.8
56.3
55.6
76.4
50.4
65.3
68.7
54.3
.
58.4
55.5
63.3
36.9
67.8
62.7
57.0
11.9
PUBLIC MANAGEMENT
BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
INFRASTRUCTURE RURAL SECTOR
SCORE SCORESCORE SCORERANK RANKRANK RANK
12th
41st
11th
3rd
9th
39th
7th
25th
49th
43rd
46th
17th
33rd
34th
42nd
35th
45th
51st
21st
40th
32nd
27th
26th
47th
14th
13th
37th
48th
36th
30th
8th
24th
2nd
6th
16th
22nd
20th
18th
10th
44th
5th
31st
38th
52nd
1st
23rd
15th
29th
4th
19th
28th
50th
32nd
42nd
22nd
4th
25th
37th
9th
36th
47th
44th
39th
43rd
28th
45th
16th
18th
46th
51st
29th
33rd
13th
8th
40th
48th
20th
14th
35th
49th
23rd
24th
21st
38th
1st
5th
30th
7th
27th
31st
2nd
34th
6th
11th
26th
52nd
3rd
17th
19th
41st
15th
12th
10th
50th
15th
33rd
41st
7th
34th
40th
10th
24th
42nd
48th
36th
35th
14th
51st
9th
8th
47th
50th
16th
17th
13th
18th
46th
43rd
12th
21st
38th
20th
30th
26th
25th
37th
2nd
6th
32nd
4th
49th
44th
19th
29th
27th
1st
39th
52nd
3rd
11th
28th
45th
5th
31st
22nd
23rd
30th
43rd
22nd
14th
6th
33rd
1st
20th
49th
42nd
47th
39th
44th
25th
37th
12th
40th
36th
11th
41st
5th
16th
38th
48th
10th
34th
45th
50th
31st
32nd
17th
23rd
2nd
3rd
21st
18th
26th
27th
4th
35th
9th
7th
29th
19th
28th
13th
46th
8th
15th
24th
51st
.
CATEGORYSUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY: SCORES & RANKS
22
Human Development: Category Insights
HUMANDEVELOPMENT
MOST IMPROVED SUB-CATEGORY
Health
LEAST IMPROVED SUB-CATEGORY SINCE 2009
Welfare
MOST IMPROVED INDICATORS
Antiretroviral Treatment Provision,Child Mortality,Environmental Sustainability.
MOST DETERIORATED INDICATORS
Equity of Public Resource Use,Social Protection & Labour,Educational System Quality.
SOMALIA
14.1
LOWEST COUNTRY SCORE
SCORE/100
52nd
MAURITIUS
85.6
HIGHEST COUNTRY SCORE
SCORE/100
1st
2013
58.7AFRICAN AVERAGE
NORTH AFRICASCORE/100
HIGHEST REGIONAL AVERAGE
CENTRAL AFRICASCORE/100
LOWEST REGIONAL AVERAGE
69.7 51.8
This category evaluates the success of the state in securing the well-being of all of its citizens. It measures the extent to which the government provides citizens with social protection, comprehensive education provision and a healthy life.
AFRICAN TRENDS OVER THE PAST 5 YEARS
24/52countries achieved their best governance performance in 2013
Jay Naidoo
Human development places citizens at the core of human well-being and enshrines the principle that every life has equal value.
2014 IIAG: SUMMARY REPORT
23
-4.7 -4.4 -2.0
-10.4 -5.5
+7.7 +7.3 +6.3
+10.6 +7.7
GREATEST IMPROVEMENTS
LARGEST DETERIORATIONS
CABO VERDE0504
ERITREA03MADAGASCAR
48.6
-13
SCORE/100
POINTS RANKS
42nd/52
43.5
-12
SCORE/100
POINTS RANKS
49th/52
81.6
–
SCORE/100
POINTS RANKS
3rd/52
LIBYA01 02
TUNISIA
67.4
-8
SCORE/100
POINTS RANKS
13th/52
81.0
-3
SCORE/100
POINTS RANKS
4th/52
LIBERIA0504
SÃO TOMÉ & PRÍNCIPE03RWANDA
72.1
+4
SCORE/100
POINTS RANKS
9th/52
66.3
+8
SCORE/100
POINTS RANKS
14th/52
53.6
+6
SCORE/100
POINTS RANKS
33rd/52
ZIMBABWE01 02
TOGO
53.9
+13
SCORE/100
POINTS RANKS
32nd/52
54.6
+9
SCORE/100
POINTS RANKS
31st/52
IN SCORE OVER THE PAST 5 YEARS
IN SCORE OVER THE PAST 5 YEARS
24
Human Development: Sub-category Insights
AFRICAN AVERAGE
51.5
HEALTH
EDUCATION
WELFARE
AFRICAN AVERAGE
52.0
AFRICAN AVERAGE
72.7
MAURITIUS
81.1
HIGHEST COUNTRY SCORE
SCORE/100
SOMALIA
2.1
LOWEST COUNTRY SCORE
SCORE/100
SOUTHERN AFRICASCORE/100
HIGHEST REGIONAL AVERAGE
56.0
CENTRAL AFRICASCORE/100
LOWEST REGIONAL AVERAGE
41.5
MAURITIUS
85.9
HIGHEST COUNTRY SCORE
SCORE/100
SOMALIA
0.0
LOWEST COUNTRY SCORE
SCORE/100
NORTH AFRICASCORE/100
HIGHEST REGIONAL AVERAGE
65.6
EAST AFRICASCORE/100
LOWEST REGIONAL AVERAGE
47.2
LIBYA
98.7
HIGHEST COUNTRY SCORE
SCORE/100
SOMALIA
40.3
LOWEST COUNTRY SCORE
SCORE/100
NORTH AFRICASCORE/100
HIGHEST REGIONAL AVERAGE
88.5
CENTRAL AFRICASCORE/100
LOWEST REGIONAL AVERAGE
64.9
2014 IIAG: SUMMARY REPORT
25
Algeria
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cabo Verde
Cameroon
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo
Côte d’Ivoire
Democratic Republic of Congo
Djibouti
Egypt
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Morocco
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
São Tomé & Príncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Tunisia
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
+2.7
+5.3
+3.7
+3.3
+3.2
+5.9
-2.0
+4.1
+0.5
+2.7
-1.4
+4.6
+5.8
+2.8
-0.5
-1.5
-1.2
-4.4
+5.9
+3.1
+2.9
+6.2
+3.5
-0.7
+3.2
+1.5
+6.3
-10.4
-4.7
+4.0
+0.4
+3.6
+1.6
+4.3
+1.2
+4.2
+2.8
-0.3
+7.7
+7.3
+3.5
+2.4
+4.9
+0.6
+2.6
+1.4
+2.8
+7.7
-5.5
+1.8
+1.0
+10.6
CHANGESINCE 2009
77.5
48.6
58.5
80.4
51.2
52.7
81.6
59.6
34.3
37.1
55.7
51.2
48.3
45.2
56.4
69.4
57.9
43.5
56.9
62.8
65.4
75.5
47.5
46.7
64.6
59.3
53.6
67.4
48.6
56.8
51.6
52.6
85.6
70.1
50.5
68.9
45.8
53.0
72.1
66.3
63.4
84.4
47.1
14.1
78.8
62.6
59.6
54.6
81.0
62.8
61.4
53.9
SCORE RANK
7th
41st
25th
5th
38th
35th
3rd
22nd
51st
50th
30th
39th
43rd
48th
29th
11th
26th
49th
27th
18th
15th
8th
44th
46th
16th
24th
33rd
13th
42nd
28th
37th
36th
1st
10th
40th
12th
47th
34th
9th
14th
17th
2nd
45th
52nd
6th
20th
23rd
31st
4th
19th
21st
32nd
63.3
40.1
58.4
79.2
54.2
51.6
76.1
50.5
22.5
35.0
43.6
44.7
35.7
31.4
53.5
50.1
35.8
21.9
63.2
52.8
58.4
74.0
44.8
34.9
60.1
50.6
45.9
38.3
39.9
53.2
45.1
53.5
81.1
56.8
51.6
67.8
47.7
52.6
77.4
59.0
60.1
78.8
42.4
2.1
77.9
47.2
59.9
40.1
67.5
61.9
51.0
32.3
72.3
40.9
45.9
75.0
30.1
41.6
77.5
54.1
24.0
27.8
62.9
44.5
39.3
48.6
45.7
68.5
75.2
43.7
42.4
55.1
58.3
71.6
32.4
40.3
58.6
56.2
49.4
65.2
45.4
41.5
40.5
38.2
85.9
66.0
34.2
59.6
28.0
45.8
53.3
62.9
51.2
75.9
47.0
0.0
72.7
63.2
43.3
53.6
83.2
51.3
59.4
54.5
96.8
64.9
71.3
86.9
69.4
64.8
91.3
74.3
56.4
48.7
60.6
64.3
69.9
55.5
70.1
89.4
62.8
64.8
65.0
80.6
79.4
80.9
65.3
64.7
75.0
71.0
65.6
98.7
60.5
75.7
69.4
66.0
89.8
87.6
65.6
79.3
61.7
60.4
85.5
77.0
79.0
98.6
51.9
40.3
85.7
77.3
75.6
70.1
92.3
75.0
73.7
74.9
WELFARE EDUCATION HEALTH
SCORE SCORE SCORERANK RANK RANK
10th
40th
18th
2nd
20th
27th
6th
30th
50th
46th
38th
37th
45th
49th
22nd
31st
44th
51st
11th
24th
17th
7th
36th
47th
13th
29th
34th
43rd
42nd
23rd
35th
21st
1st
19th
26th
8th
32nd
25th
5th
16th
14th
3rd
39th
52nd
4th
33rd
15th
41st
9th
12th
28th
48th
8th
41st
31st
6th
48th
39th
3rd
23rd
51st
50th
14th
35th
44th
29th
33rd
10th
5th
36th
38th
21st
19th
9th
47th
43rd
18th
20th
28th
12th
34th
40th
42nd
45th
1st
11th
46th
16th
49th
32nd
25th
15th
27th
4th
30th
52nd
7th
13th
37th
24th
2nd
26th
17th
22nd
3rd
38th
26th
9th
32nd
39th
5th
24th
48th
51st
45th
42nd
30th
49th
29th
7th
43rd
40th
37th
13th
14th
12th
36th
41st
21st
27th
35th
1st
46th
19th
31st
33rd
6th
8th
34th
15th
44th
47th
11th
18th
16th
2nd
50th
52nd
10th
17th
20th
28th
4th
22nd
25th
23rd
CATEGORYHUMAN DEVELOPMENT: SCORES & RANKS
26
Synthesis of the Methodology
Calculation Stages
Indicators that are consistent with MIF’s definition of governance and meet specific standards of quality, periodicity and country coverage are selected and missing raw data values are estimated.
Raw data come in different scales from source. Before being included in the IIAG they are transformed to a scale on which they can be meaningfully compared and combined. The data for each indicator are put on a standardised range of 0-100, where 100 is the best possible score.
Once the 95 indicators have been transformed to a common scale, each one is grouped with similar indicators to form 14 sub-categories. The sub-category score is the simple average of all of the indicator scores.
Sub-categories are grouped into one of four conceptual categories. The category score is the average of the sub-category scores.
The overall governance score is the average of the four category scores.
For the detailed 2014 IIAG methodology visit www.moibrahimfoundation.org/downloads/publications/2014/2014-iiag-methodology.pdf.
IIAG
SAFETY & RULE OF LAW
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
PARTICIPATION& HUMAN
RIGHTS
SUSTAINABLEECONOMIC
OPPORTUNITY
categories
sub-categories
indicators
raw data1
2
3
4
5overall
governance
2014 IIAG: SUMMARY REPORT
27
Data Sources & Institutions
Africa Integrity IndicatorsGlobal Integrity (AII GI)
African Economic Outlook African Development Bank/Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development/United Nations Development Programme/United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (AEO AfDB/OECD/UNDP/UNECA)
African Electoral Index: 2000-2013Institut de Recherche Empirique en Economie Politique (AEI IREEP)
African Statistical Yearbook African Union/African Development Bank/United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (ASY AU/AfDB/UNECA)
AIDSinfo Database Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (AD UNAIDS)
Bertelsmann Transformation Index Bertelsmann Stiftung (BTI BS)
Bulletin Board on Statistical Capacity World Bank (BBSC WB)
Child Mortality Estimates Info Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (CME IGME)
Country Performance AssessmentAfrican Development Bank (CPA AfDB)
CountryData Economist Intelligence Unit (CD EIU)
Democracy IndexEconomist Intelligence Unit (DI EIU)
Economist Intelligence Unit DatasetEconomist Intelligence Unit (EIUD EIU)
Freedom in the World SurveyFreedom House (FITW FH)
Freedom of the Press IndexFreedom House (FOTP FH)
Global Competitiveness ReportWorld Economic Forum (GCR WEF)
Global Health Observatory DatabaseWorld Health Organization (GHO WHO)
IDA Resource Allocation IndexWorld Bank (IRAI WB)
Index of Economic FreedomThe Heritage Foundation and The Wall Street Journal (IEF HER/WSJ)
Internal Displacement: Global Overview of Trends and DevelopmentsInternal Displacement Monitoring Centre (GOT IDMC)
Multilateral Treaties Deposited with the Secretary General United Nations Office of Legal Affairs (MTDSG UNOLA)
Performance-based Allocation SystemInternational Fund for Agricultural Development (PBAS IFAD)
Political Terror ScalePolitical Terror Scale (PTS PTS)
Sanctions in Africa 2000-2013CDD Ghana (SIA CDD)
Social Institutions and Gender Index under Gender Institutions and Development Database Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (GID-DB/SIGI OECD)
Trafficking in Persons ReportUS Department of State - Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons (TIP USDS)
Treaty Body DatabaseOffice of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (TBD OHCHR)
UCDP Data v.4-2014, 1946-2013Uppsala University, Department of Peace and Conflict Research - Uppsala Conflict Data Programme (UCDP UCDP)
UNESCO Institute for StatisticsUnited Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UIS UNESCO)
UNHCR Statistical Online Population Database Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (OPD UNHCR)
WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation DatabaseWorld Health Organization (WHO/UNICEF JMP WHO)
World Development IndicatorsWorld Bank (WDI WB)
World Press Freedom IndexReporters sans frontières (WPFI RSF)
World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators Database International Telecommunication Union (WT/ICTD ITU)
Worldwide Governance IndicatorsWorld Bank (WGI WB)
The 2014 IIAG was calculated using data from 34 external sources, provided by 28 independent institutions.
Data Sources
28
*One or more variables from joint data project(s).
World Bank (WB)
Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU)
African Development Bank (AfDB)
Bertelsmann Stiftung (BS)
International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD)
World Economic Forum (WEF)
Global Integrity (GI)
World Health Organization (WHO)
Freedom House (FH)
International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS)
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
The Heritage Foundation and The Wall Street Journal (HER/WSJ)
United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA)
African Union (AU)
CDD Ghana (CDD)
Institut de Recherche Empirique en Economie Politique (IREEP)
Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (IGME)
Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC)
Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR)
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
Political Terror Scale (PTS)
Reporters sans frontières (RSF)
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
United Nations Office of Legal Affairs (UNOLA)
Uppsala University, Department of Peace and Conflict Research — Uppsala Conflict Data Programme (UCDP)
US Department of State — Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons (USDS)
22
17
14
13
11
11
10
8
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
*
*
*
*
*
Data Institutions Number of variables in the 2014 IIAG
2014 IIAG: SUMMARY REPORT
29
Indicators
Safety & Rule of Law
Rule of Law
Judicial Process (EIUD EIU)Extent to which the legal process or courts are subject to interference or distortion by interest groups. (EA)
Judicial Independence*
wJudicial Independence (BTI BS)
Extent to which the courts can interpret and review norms and pursue their own reasoning, free from the influence of political decision-makers or powerful groups or individuals. (EA)
wJudicial Independence (GCR WEF)
Extent to which the judiciary is independent from the influence of members of government, citizens or firms. (OS)
wJudicial Independence (AII GI)
Extent to which judges have autonomy and independence to interpret and review norms, without fear or favour. (EA)
Sanctions (SIA CDD)Imposition of sanctions by the United Nations and/or the African Union on a state and/or governmental and/or non-governmental actors. (EA/OD)
Transfers of Power (EIUD EIU) Degree to which constitutional mechanisms are clear, established and accepted for the orderly transfer of power from one administration to the next. (EA)
Property Rights*
wProperty Rights (CPA AfDB)+
Extent to which private economic activity is facilitated by an effective legal system
funds and results of actions by the electorate, legislature and judiciary, and public employees within the executive are accountable for use of resources, administrative decisions and results. (EA)
Accountability, Transparency & Corruption in Rural Areas (PBAS IFAD) Extent to which there is local level accountability of the executive and legislature, including public employees and elected officials, to low-income rural populations for use of funds and results of actions. (EA)
Corruption & Bureaucracy (WGI WB) Degree of intrusiveness of bureaucracy, amount of red tape likely to be encountered and likelihood of encountering corruption among officials and other groups. (EA)
Accountability of Public Officials (EIUD EIU) Extent of accountability of public officials, including the existence of safeguards against incompetency and the possibility of recourse in cases of unfair treatment. (EA)
Corruption in Government & Public Officials (EIUD EIU) Level of vested interest/cronyism and corruption in the public sector. (EA)
Prosecution of Abuse of Office (BTI BS) Degree to which there are legal or political penalties for public office holders who abuse their positions. (EA)
Diversion of Public Funds (GCR WEF) Prevalence of the diversion of public funds to companies,
and rule-based governance structure in which property and contract rights are reliably respected and enforced. (EA)
wProperty Rights (IRAI WB)+ Extent to which private economic activity is facilitated by an effective legal system and rule-based governance structure in which property and contract rights are reliably respected and enforced. (EA)
wProperty Rights (BTI BS) Extent to which the government ensures well-defined rights of private property and regulates the acquisition, benefits, use and sale of property. (EA)
wProperty Freedom (IEF HER/WSJ)
Extent to which individuals can accumulate private property, secured by clear laws that are fully enforced by the government. (EA)
wProperty Rights (GCR WEF) Strength of the protection of property rights, including financial assets. (OS)
Accountability
Accountability, Transparency & Corruption in the Public Sector*
wAccountability, Transparency & Corruption in the Public Sector (CPA AfDB)
Extent to which the executive is accountable for use of funds and results of actions by the electorate, legislature and judiciary, and public employees within the executive are accountable for use of resources, administrative decisions and results. (EA)
wAccountability, Transparency & Corruption in the Public Sector (IRAI WB)
Extent to which the executive is accountable for use of
individuals or groups due to corruption. (OS)
Public Sector Corruption Bodies (AII GI) Extent to which the body/bodies that investigate allegations of public sector corruption has/have a functioning system in place to receive and investigate citizens’ allegations. (EA)
Access to Information*
wPublic Information (AII GI) Extent to which requested records are accessible to the public online or offline in a timely and cost-efficient manner. (EA)
wAccess to Legislative Processes & Documents (AII GI)
Extent to which legislative records are accessible to the public online or offline in a timely and cost-efficient manner. (EA)
Personal Safety
Political Terror (PTS PTS) Extent of violations of physical integrity rights, including political violence and terror, carried out by a state or its agents. (EA)
Social Unrest (EIUD EIU) Prevalence of violent social unrest. (EA)
Safety of the Person (EIUD EIU) Level of criminality. (EA)
Police Services (GCR WEF) Extent to which police services can be relied upon to enforce law and order. (OS)
Violent Crime (EIUD EIU) Prevalence of violent crime, both organised and common. (EA)
The IIAG is compiled using indicators based on Expert Assessment (EA), Official Data (OD) or Opinion Survey (OS). Data sources and institutions are shown as acronyms after the name of each indicator and variable (refer to p. 27).
Clustered indicators are identified by *. Clusters within clustered indicators are identified by +.
30
Human Trafficking (TIP USDS) Nature and scope of trafficking in persons and government actions to confront and eliminate it. (EA)
National Security
Cross-border Tensions (EIUD EIU) Level of potential threats to economic and political stability due to international disputes or tensions. (EA)
Government Involvement in Armed Conflict (UCDP UCDP) Degree of direct or indirect involvement of the government in an armed conflict which results in at least 25 annual battle-related deaths. (EA)
Domestic Armed Conflict (EIUD EIU) Level of internal conflict and/or civil war, or the likelihood of conflict developing in the near future. (EA)
Political Refugees (OPD UNHCR) People fleeing the country due to fear of persecution. (OD)
Internally Displaced People (GOT IDMC) People displaced within a country due to violence, conflict, human rights violations or natural or human-made disasters. (EA/OD)
Participation & Human Rights
Participation
Free & Fair Executive Elections (AEI IREEP) Extent of freedom and fairness of executive elections across the campaign period and all aspects of the election process, including extent of opposition participation, adherence to electoral procedures, citizens’ access to information, levels of
wPress Freedom (FOTP FH) Degree of print, broadcast and internet freedom. (EA)
wPress Freedom (WPFI RSF) Degree of freedom that journalists, news organisations and netizens enjoy, and the efforts made by authorities to respect, and ensure respect for, this freedom. (EA)
Freedom of Association & Assembly*
wFreedom of Association & Assembly (BTI BS)
Extent to which independent political and/or civic groups can be formed and can associate and assemble freely. (EA)
wFreedom of Association (AII GI)
Extent to which citizens are able to associate freely with their peers in public, express dissent in public settings and participate in political organisations. (EA)
Civil Liberties*
wProtection of Civil Liberties (BTI BS)
Extent to which civil rights are guaranteed and protected and citizens can seek redress for violations of these rights. (EA)
wCivil Liberties (FITW FH) Extent of civil liberties, taking into account freedom of expression and belief, associational and organisational rights, rule of law and personal autonomy. (EA)
Gender
Gender Equality*
wGender Equality (CPA AfDB) Extent to which a country has enacted and put in place institutions and programmes to enforce laws and policies that promote equal access for men and women to human capital development opportunities and productive
and economic resources, and give men and women equal status and protection under the law. (EA)
wGender Equality (IRAI WB) Extent to which a country has enacted and put in place institutions and programmes to enforce laws and policies that promote equal access for men and women to human capital development opportunities and productive and economic resources, and give men and women equal status and protection under the law. (EA)
Gender Balance in Education (WDI WB) Ratio of girls to boys enrolled at primary and secondary levels in public and private schools. (OD)
Women’s Participation in the Labour Force (WDI WB) Female population, 15 and older, that is economically active. (OD)
Equal Representation in Rural Areas (PBAS IFAD) Extent to which laws, policies, institutions and practices promote equal representation of men and women in local decision-making. (EA)
Women in Parliament (WDI WB) Parliamentary seats, in a single or lower chamber, held by women. (OD)
Legislation on Violence Against Women (GID-DB/SIGI OECD) Existence of women’s legal protection from rape, assault and sexual harassment and prevalence of, and attitudes towards, domestic violence. (EA)
Gender Equality in the Workplace (AII GI) Extent to which women receive equal pay and benefits to men for performing the same job, have equal opportunities to be hired or promoted and are not discriminated against as a result of pregnancy. (EA)
violence, acceptance of results and turnover of power. (EA)
Free & Fair Elections (BTI BS) Extent to which political representatives are determined by general, free and fair elections. (EA)
Political Participation (DI EIU) Extent to which citizens have relevant information and the freedom to participate in the political process. (EA)
Effective Power to Govern (BTI BS) Extent to which democratically elected political representatives have effective power to govern or to which there are veto powers and political enclaves. (EA)
Political Rights (FITW FH) Extent to which citizens are free to participate in the political process including the right to vote freely for distinct alternatives in legitimate elections, compete for public office, join political parties and organisations and elect accountable representatives. (EA)
Rights
International Human Rights Conventions (MTDSG UNOLA/TBD OHCHR) Ratification of the nine core international human rights conventions, and two optional protocols on children, and the submission of reports to the relevant bodies within the past ten years. (EA/OD)
Human Rights (EIUD EIU) Likelihood of a state being accused of serious human rights violations. (EA)
Freedom of Expression*
wFreedom of Expression (BTI BS)
Extent to which citizens, organisations and mass media can express opinions freely. (EA)
2014 IIAG: SUMMARY REPORT
31
Gender Equality in Appointments to Cabinet (AII GI) Extent to which at least a third of the members of the national cabinet are women. (EA)
Sustainable Economic Opportunity
Public Management
Statistical Capacity (BBSC WB) Capacity of national statistical systems in terms of methodology, data sources, periodicity and timeliness. (EA)
Public Administration*
wPublic Administration (CPA AfDB)
Extent to which civilian central government is structured to design and implement government policy and effectively deliver services. (EA)
wPublic Administration (IRAI WB)
Extent to which civilian central government is structured to design and implement government policy and effectively deliver services. (EA)
Diversification (AEO AfDB/OECD/UNDP/UNECA) Extent to which exports are diversified. (EA)
Reserves (CD EIU) Total international reserves in relation to imports of goods and non-factor services. (OD)
Budget Management*
wBudget Management (CPA AfDB)
Extent to which the budget is comprehensive and credible, linked to policy priorities, with effective financial management systems and timely and accurate fiscal reporting. (EA)
Access to Financial Records of State-owned Companies (AII GI) Extent to which the financial records of state-owned companies are available online or offline to journalists, auditors and citizens in a timely and cost-efficient manner. (EA)
Business Environment
Competitive Environment*
wCompetitive Environment (CPA AfDB)+
Extent to which direct regulations of business activity help or hinder private businesses in investing, creating jobs and becoming more productive. (EA)
wCompetitive Environment (IRAI WB)+
Extent to which the legal, regulatory and policy environment helps or hinders private businesses in investing, creating jobs and becoming more productive. (EA)
wCompetition (BTI BS) Extent to which the fundamentals of market-based competition have developed and safeguards exist, and are enforced, to prevent economic monopolies and cartels. (EA)
wCompetitive Bidding (AII GI) Extent to which bids from competing contractors, suppliers or vendors are invited through open advertising of the proposed contract, and whether the criteria by which bids are evaluated are available for scrutiny. (EA)
Investment Climate (IEF HER/WSJ) Degree of economic freedom, based on constraints on the flow of investment capital. (EA)
Investment Climate for Rural Businesses (PBAS IFAD) Extent to which the policy, legal and regulatory framework
supports the emergence and development of private rural businesses. (EA)
Rural Financial Services Development (PBAS IFAD) Extent to which the policy and institutional framework supports the development of a commercially-based rural financial market that is rooted in the private sector and is efficient, equitable and accessible to low-income rural populations. (EA)
Bureaucracy & Red Tape (EIUD EIU) Extent of red tape, including bureaucratic delay and complexity in obtaining the appropriate documentation or authorisation to engage in business activities. (EA)
Customs Procedures (GCR WEF) Level of efficiency of customs procedures relating to the entry and exit of merchandise. (OS)
Soundness of Banks (GCR WEF) Soundness of banks, ranging from the requirement of recapitalisation to being generally healthy with sound balance sheets. (OS)
Infrastructure
Electricity Supply (GCR WEF) Quality of the electricity supply, taking into account interruptions and voltage fluctuations. (OS)
Road Network (GCR WEF) Quality of roads, ranging from extremely underdeveloped to extensive and efficient by international standards. (OS)
Rail Network (EIUD EIU) Risk that the rail network will be inadequate for business needs. (EA)
Air Transport*
wQuality of Air Transport (GCR WEF)
Quality of air transport
wBudget Management (IRAI WB)
Extent to which the budget is comprehensive and credible, linked to policy priorities, with effective financial management systems and timely and accurate fiscal reporting. (EA)
Ratio of Total Revenue to Total Expenditure (ASY AU/AfDB/UNECA) Total budget revenue as a proportion of total budget expenditure. (OD)
Fiscal Policy*
wFiscal Policy (CPA AfDB) Level of short- and medium-term sustainability of fiscal policy (taking into account monetary and exchange rate policy and sustainability of public debt) and its impact on growth. (EA)
wFiscal Policy (IRAI WB) Level of sustainability of fiscal policy (taking into account monetary and exchange rate policy) and the appropriate provision of public goods. (EA)
Ratio of External Debt Service to Exports (CD EIU) Total external debt service due in relation to exports of goods, non-factor services, income and workers’ remittances. (OD)
Revenue Collection*
wRevenue Collection (CPA AfDB)
Pattern of government revenue mobilisation from all sources, taking into account both tax structure on paper and actual tax collection. (EA)
wRevenue Collection (IRAI WB)
Pattern of government revenue mobilisation from all sources, taking into account both tax structure on paper and actual tax collection. (EA)
32
infrastructure, ranging fromextremely underdeveloped to extensive and efficient by international standards. (OS)
wAir Transport Safety (AII GI) Extent to which the country’s aviation safety oversight authority is subject to international standards, and whether it has complied with the recommendations made in the latest audit reports. (EA)
Telephone & IT Infrastructure*
wTelephone Network (EIUD EIU)
Risk that the telephone network will be inadequate for business needs, taking into account the degree of obsolescence, level of maintenance and sufficiency of supply. (EA)
wIT Infrastructure (EIUD EIU) Risk that information technology infrastructure will be inadequate for business needs. (EA)
Digital Connectivity*
wMobile Phone Subscribers (WT/ICTD ITU)
Subscriptions to public mobile telephone services including the number of active prepaid SIM cards. (OD)
wHousehold Computers (WT/ICTD ITU)
Households with a computer (desktop, portable or handheld). (OD)
wInternet Subscribers (WT/ICTD ITU)
Active internet subscriptions with fixed (wired) internet access, which includes dial up and total fixed (wired) broadband subscriptions. (OD)
Access to Water*
wAccess to Piped Water (WHO/UNICEF JMP WHO)
Population served with piped drinking water into their dwelling, yard or plot. (OD)
social protection and labour market regulation, which reduce the risk of people becoming poor, assist those who are poor to better manage further risks and ensure a minimum level of welfare to all people. (EA)
wSocial Protection & Labour (IRAI WB)
Government policies for social protection and labour market regulation, which reduce the risk of people becoming poor, assist those who are poor to better manage further risks, and ensure a minimum level of welfare to all people. (EA)
Social Exclusion (BTI BS) Extent to which significant parts of the population are fundamentally excluded from society due to poverty and inequality (taking into account factors such as income and education inequality and religious, ethnic and gender exclusion). (EA)
Welfare Services (Health & Education)*
wWelfare Services (Health & Education) (CPA AfDB)
National policies and public and private sector service delivery that affect access to, and quality of, health and nutrition services, education, Early Childhood Development, training and literacy programmes and prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria. (EA)
wWelfare Services (Health & Education) (IRAI WB)
National policies and public and private sector service delivery that affect access to, and quality of, health and nutrition services, education, Early Childhood Development, training and literacy programmes and prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria. (EA)
commercially-based agricultural markets that are rooted in the private sector and are efficient, equitable and accessible to small farmers. (EA)
Policy & Legal Framework for Rural Organisations (PBAS IFAD) Extent to which an enabling policy and legal environment is present for low-income rural populations to organise into autonomous groups and associations or engage in other forms of collective action. (EA)
Dialogue Between Government & Rural Organisations (PBAS IFAD) Extent to which rural populations are able to enter into dialogue with, lobby and express their concerns and priorities to government, and the degree of government responsiveness to low-income rural populations and consideration of their views in policy-making for the sector. (EA)
Agricultural Policy Costs (GCR WEF) Nature of agricultural policy, ranging from excessively burdensome for the economy to balancing the interests of taxpayers, consumers and producers. (OS)
Human Development
Welfare
Welfare Regime (BTI BS) Extent to which there is equality of opportunity in society and there are social safety nets which compensate for poverty and other risks, such as old age, illness, unemployment or disability. (EA)
Social Protection & Labour*
wSocial Protection & Labour (CPA AfDB)
Government policies for
wAccess to Improved Water (WHO/UNICEF JMP WHO)
Population served with a drinking water source that, by nature of its construction, adequately protects the source from outside contamination, particularly faecal matter. (OD)
Rural Sector
Public Resources for Rural Development (PBAS IFAD) Government policies, strategies and investment programmes for the agricultural and rural development sector, and the efficiency, consistency and transparency with which resources are allocated, managed and accounted for. (EA)
Land & Water for Low-income Rural Populations*
wAccess to Land (PBAS IFAD) Extent to which the legal, institutional and market frameworks provide the basis for low-income rural populations to have secure access to land and the extent to which they are able to benefit from these. (EA)
wAccess to Water for Agriculture (PBAS IFAD)
Extent to which the policy and institutional framework provides for rural populations to have equitable user-rights over water resources for agriculture and to effectively manage those resources. (EA)
Agricultural Research & Extension Services (PBAS IFAD) Extent to which low-income farmers, including women, have access to agricultural research and the extension system, and whether it is responsive to their needs and priorities. (EA)
Agricultural Input & Produce Markets (PBAS IFAD) Extent to which the policy and institutional framework supports the development of
2014 IIAG: SUMMARY REPORT
33
Ratio of Pupils to Teachers in Primary School (UIS UNESCO) Pupils enrolled in primary school in relation to primary school teachers. (OD)
Primary School Completion (WDI WB) Students completing the last year of primary school, in relation to the population of the age group for that level. (OD)
Progression to Secondary School (WDI WB) New entrants to the first grade of secondary school in a given year, in relation to students enrolled in the final grade of primary school in the previous year. (OD)
Tertiary Enrolment (UIS UNESCO) Enrolment in tertiary education, regardless of age, in relation to the population of the age group for that level. (OD)
Literacy (UIS UNESCO) Population aged 15 or over who can both read and write a short simple statement on their everyday life. (OD)
Health
Maternal Mortality (GHO WHO) Female deaths from any cause related to, or aggravated by, pregnancy or its management (excluding accidental or incidental causes). (OD)
Child Mortality (CME IGME) Probability of a child dying between birth and five years of age, if subject to current age-specific mortality rates. (OD)
Immunisation (Measles, DPT & Hepatitis B)*
wImmunisation against Measles (WDI WB)
Children aged 12-23 months who receive appropriate vaccinations against measles before 12 months or any time before the survey. (OD)
wOpen Defecation Sanitation (WHO/UNICEF JMP WHO)
Population that disposes of human faeces in outdoor spaces or alongside solid waste. (OD)
wImmunisation against DPT (WDI WB)
Children aged 12-23 months who receive appropriate vaccinations against diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus before 12 months or any time before the survey. (OD)
wImmunisation against Hepatitis B (GHO WHO)
Children aged one-year who receive three doses of hepatitis B vaccine. (OD)
Antiretroviral Treatment Provision*
wART Provision (AD UNAIDS) Eligible adults and children who receive antiretroviral treatment therapy. (OD)
wART Provision for Pregnant Women (AD UNAIDS)
Eligible HIV-positive pregnant women who receive antiretroviral treatment therapy to reduce the risk of mother-to-child transmission. (OD)
Disease (Malaria & TB)*
wMalaria (GHO WHO) Deaths due to malaria. (OD)
wTuberculosis (GHO WHO) Deaths due to tuberculosis, excluding HIV-related tuberculosis deaths. (OD)
Undernourishment (WDI WB) Population whose food intake is insufficient to meet dietary energy requirements continuously. (OD)
Access to Sanitation*
wAccess to Improved Sanitation (WHO/UNICEF JMP WHO)
Population served with an improved sanitation facility that hygienically separates human excreta from human contact. (OD)
Equity of Public Resource Use*
wEquity of Public Resource Use (CPA AfDB)
Extent to which the pattern of public expenditures and revenue collection affects the poor and is consistent with national poverty reduction priorities. (EA)
wEquity of Public Resource Use (IRAI WB)
Extent to which the pattern of public expenditures and revenue collection affects the poor and is consistent with national poverty reduction priorities. (EA)
Environmental Policy (BTI BS) Extent to which environmental concerns are effectively taken into account in both macro and microeconomic policymaking. (EA)
Environmental Sustainability*
wEnvironmental Sustainability (CPA AfDB)
Extent to which environmental policies foster the protection and sustainable use of natural resources and the management of pollution. (EA)
wEnvironmental Sustainability (IRAI WB)
Extent to which environmental policies foster the protection and sustainable use of natural resources and the management of pollution. (EA)
Education
Education Provision & Quality (BTI BS) Extent to which there are solid institutions for basic, secondary and tertiary education, as well as for research and development. (EA)
Educational System Quality (GCR WEF) Extent to which the educational system meets the needs of a competitive economy. (OS)
34
Research Team
About the Mo Ibrahim Foundation
MIF was established in 2006 with a focus on the critical importance of leadership and governance in Africa. By providing tools to support progress in leadership and governance, MIF aims to promote meaningful change on the continent.
+Board representative on the IIAG Advisory Council.
IIAG Project Team
Mo Ibrahim Foundation (MIF) Board of Directors
Advisory Council
Name Organisation
Dr Abdalla Hamdok (Chair) United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA)
Dr Maurice Enguéléguélé Africa Governance Institute (AGI)
Hazel Feigenblatt* Global Integrity (GI)
Dr E. Gyimah-Boadi* CDD Ghana
Dr Ali Hadi The American University in Cairo (AUC)
Dr Alcinda Honwana Open University (OU)
Dr Daniel Kaufmann Natural Resource Governance Institute (NRGI)
Ambassador Mustaq Moorad International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (IDEA)
‘Jide Olanrewaju Satya Capital
Dr Joy Phumaphi African Leaders Malaria Alliance (ALMA)
Dr Vera Songwe World Bank Group
Dr Piero Stanig Università commerciale Luigi Bocconi
Dr Daniel Zovatto International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (IDEA)
Name Title
Nathalie Delapalme Executive Director – Research and Policy
Elizabeth McGrath Director of the IIAG
Salmana Ahmed Senior Programme Manager
Chloé Bailey Programme Officer
Cirus Iniesta Carreras Senior Analyst
Sif Heide-Ottosen Analyst
Christina Nelson Senior Programme Manager
Zainab Umar Senior Researcher
Maria Tsirodimitri Graphic Designer
Name Title
Mo Ibrahim Founder and Chair, Mo Ibrahim Foundation; Founder, Celtel International
Lord Cairns+ Former Chairman, Actis Capital LLP; Former Chief Executive Officer, SG Warburg
Nathalie Delapalme+ Executive Director – Research and Policy, Mo Ibrahim Foundation; Former Advisor on Africa and development issues to various French foreign ministers
Hadeel Ibrahim Executive Director – Strategy and External Relations, Mo Ibrahim Foundation: Co-chair, The Africa Center
Abdoulie Janneh+ Executive Director – Liaison with Governments and Institutions in Africa, Mo Ibrahim Foundation; Former Under Secretary-General, UN and Executive Secretary of UNECA
Sir Ketumile Masire Co-Chairperson, GCA; Former President of Botswana
Jay Naidoo Chair of the Board and Partnership Council, GAIN; Founding General Secretary, COSATU
Mary Robinson UN Special Envoy for Climate Change; Former UN High Commissioner for Human Rights; Former President of Ireland
Salim Ahmed Salim Former Secretary-General, OAU; Former Prime Minister of Tanzania
*Observer
2014 IIAG: SUMMARY REPORT
35
IIAG Resources
To explore the 2014 IIAG further, including information on the IIAG methodology and data sources, download the IIAG Data Portal, Data Report or Country Profiles from www.moibrahimfoundation.org/iiag-downloads/.
MO IBRAHIM FOUNDATION
The IIAG Data Portal is an interactiveExcel-based application, available forin-depth analysis of the results of theIIAG, in English or French.
DATA PORTAL
IBRAHIM INDEX
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EXPLOREBY COUNTRY
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Data Report Country Profiles
MO IBRAHIM FOUNDATION
2014IBRAHIM INDEXOF AFRICAN GOVERNANCE
DATA REPORT52.544.558.777.653.043.847.076.732.733.047.843.031.340.948.255.040.931.947.652.853.666.843.237.153.661.950.345.345.756.950.747.382.958.054.869.550.443.457.859.9
52.544.558.777.653.043.847.076.732.733.047.843.031.340.948.255.040.931.947.652.853.666.843.237.153.661.950.345.345.756.950.747.382.958.054.869.550.443.457.859.9
52.544.558.777.653.043.847.076.732.733.047.843.031.340.948.255.040.931.947.652.853.666.843.237.153.661.950.345.345.756.950.747.382.958.054.869.550.443.457.859.9
52.544.558.777.653.043.847.076.732.733.047.843.031.340.948.255.040.931.947.652.853.666.843.237.153.661.950.345.345.756.950.747.382.958.054.869.550.443.457.859.9
88.570.550.567.547.052.767.866.862.392.242.013.177.464.358.253.783.361.559.655.152.544.558.777.653.043.847.076.732.733.047.843.031.340.948.255.040.931.947.652.8
88.570.550.567.547.052.767.866.862.392.242.013.177.464.358.253.783.361.559.655.152.544.558.777.653.043.847.076.732.733.047.843.031.340.948.255.040.931.947.652.8
88.570.550.567.547.052.767.866.862.392.242.013.177.464.358.253.783.361.559.655.152.544.558.777.653.043.847.076.732.733.047.843.031.340.948.255.040.931.947.652.8
65.149.349.735.465.851.852.725.576.348.557.281.347.847.857.180.736.333.755.950.240.248.858.871.556.445.553.763.966.574.046.746.763.958.450.773.250.056.250.647.7
65.149.349.735.465.851.852.725.576.348.557.281.347.847.857.180.736.333.755.950.240.248.858.871.556.445.553.763.966.574.046.746.763.958.450.773.250.056.250.647.7
65.149.349.735.465.851.852.725.576.348.557.281.347.847.857.180.736.333.755.950.240.248.858.871.556.445.553.763.966.574.046.746.763.958.450.773.250.056.250.647.7
54.237.648.064.534.733.027.438.528.343.051.560.836.528.253.042.958.454.433.528.352.052.339.140.346.346.450.646.179.764.450.663.643.142.264.038.454.867.241.842.3
54.237.648.064.534.733.027.438.528.343.051.560.836.528.253.042.958.454.433.528.352.052.339.140.346.346.450.646.179.764.450.663.643.142.264.038.454.867.241.842.3
54.237.648.064.534.733.027.438.528.343.051.560.836.528.253.042.958.454.433.528.352.052.339.140.346.346.450.646.179.764.450.663.643.142.264.038.454.867.241.842.3
25.621.736.547.835.768.145.938.550.769.156.030.542.861.353.447.076.736.360.370.857.437.744.666.967.667.653.411.573.130.161.339.456.956.360.131.247.941.049.967.5
25.621.736.547.835.768.145.938.550.769.156.030.542.861.353.447.076.736.360.370.857.437.744.666.967.667.653.411.573.130.161.339.456.956.360.131.247.941.049.967.5
25.621.736.547.835.768.145.938.550.769.156.030.542.861.353.447.076.736.360.370.857.437.744.666.967.667.653.411.573.130.161.339.456.956.360.131.247.941.049.967.5
61.075.048.038.071.350.856.945.866.056.059.635.444.745.661.788.956.440.246.580.124.936.058.044.324.538.854.850.845.132.447.356.853.670.846.834.747.667.855.537.3
61.075.048.038.071.350.856.945.866.056.059.635.444.745.661.788.956.440.246.580.124.936.058.044.324.538.854.850.845.132.447.356.853.670.846.834.747.667.855.537.3
61.075.048.038.071.350.856.945.866.056.059.635.444.745.661.788.956.440.246.580.124.936.058.044.324.538.854.850.845.132.447.356.853.670.846.834.747.667.855.537.3
61.075.048.038.071.350.856.945.866.056.059.635.444.745.661.788.956.440.246.580.124.936.058.044.324.538.854.850.845.132.447.356.853.670.846.834.747.667.855.537.3
43.963.848.248.486.860.757.876.354.341.054.767.459.273.255.044.969.859.558.454.758.054.566.029.741.242.865.972.953.449.736.481.735.029.150.038.832.333.127.936.8
43.963.848.248.486.860.757.876.354.341.054.767.459.273.255.044.969.859.558.454.758.054.566.029.741.242.865.972.953.449.736.481.735.029.150.038.832.333.127.936.8
43.963.848.248.486.860.757.876.354.341.054.767.459.273.255.044.969.859.558.454.758.054.566.029.741.242.865.972.953.449.736.481.735.029.150.038.832.333.127.936.8
MO IBRAHIM FOUNDATION
2014IBRAHIM INDEXOF AFRICAN GOVERNANCE
COUNTRY PROFILES52.544.558.777.653.043.847.076.732.733.047.843.031.340.948.255.040.931.947.652.853.666.843.237.153.661.950.345.345.756.950.747.382.958.054.869.550.443.457.859.9
52.544.558.777.653.043.847.076.732.733.047.843.031.340.948.255.040.931.947.652.853.666.843.237.153.661.950.345.345.756.950.747.382.958.054.869.550.443.457.859.9
52.544.558.777.653.043.847.076.732.733.047.843.031.340.948.255.040.931.947.652.853.666.843.237.153.661.950.345.345.756.950.747.382.958.054.869.550.443.457.859.9
52.544.558.777.653.043.847.076.732.733.047.843.031.340.948.255.040.931.947.652.853.666.843.237.153.661.950.345.345.756.950.747.382.958.054.869.550.443.457.859.9
88.570.550.567.547.052.767.866.862.392.242.013.177.464.358.253.783.361.559.655.152.544.558.777.653.043.847.076.732.733.047.843.031.340.948.255.040.931.947.652.8
88.570.550.567.547.052.767.866.862.392.242.013.177.464.358.253.783.361.559.655.152.544.558.777.653.043.847.076.732.733.047.843.031.340.948.255.040.931.947.652.8
88.570.550.567.547.052.767.866.862.392.242.013.177.464.358.253.783.361.559.655.152.544.558.777.653.043.847.076.732.733.047.843.031.340.948.255.040.931.947.652.8
65.149.349.735.465.851.852.725.576.348.557.281.347.847.857.180.736.333.755.950.240.248.858.871.556.445.553.763.966.574.046.746.763.958.450.773.250.056.250.647.7
65.149.349.735.465.851.852.725.576.348.557.281.347.847.857.180.736.333.755.950.240.248.858.871.556.445.553.763.966.574.046.746.763.958.450.773.250.056.250.647.7
65.149.349.735.465.851.852.725.576.348.557.281.347.847.857.180.736.333.755.950.240.248.858.871.556.445.553.763.966.574.046.746.763.958.450.773.250.056.250.647.7
54.237.648.064.534.733.027.438.528.343.051.560.836.528.253.042.958.454.433.528.352.052.339.140.346.346.450.646.179.764.450.663.643.142.264.038.454.867.241.842.3
54.237.648.064.534.733.027.438.528.343.051.560.836.528.253.042.958.454.433.528.352.052.339.140.346.346.450.646.179.764.450.663.643.142.264.038.454.867.241.842.3
54.237.648.064.534.733.027.438.528.343.051.560.836.528.253.042.958.454.433.528.352.052.339.140.346.346.450.646.179.764.450.663.643.142.264.038.454.867.241.842.3
25.621.736.547.835.768.145.938.550.769.156.030.542.861.353.447.076.736.360.370.857.437.744.666.967.667.653.411.573.130.161.339.456.956.360.131.247.941.049.967.5
25.621.736.547.835.768.145.938.550.769.156.030.542.861.353.447.076.736.360.370.857.437.744.666.967.667.653.411.573.130.161.339.456.956.360.131.247.941.049.967.5
25.621.736.547.835.768.145.938.550.769.156.030.542.861.353.447.076.736.360.370.857.437.744.666.967.667.653.411.573.130.161.339.456.956.360.131.247.941.049.967.5
61.075.048.038.071.350.856.945.866.056.059.635.444.745.661.788.956.440.246.580.124.936.058.044.324.538.854.850.845.132.447.356.853.670.846.834.747.667.855.537.3
61.075.048.038.071.350.856.945.866.056.059.635.444.745.661.788.956.440.246.580.124.936.058.044.324.538.854.850.845.132.447.356.853.670.846.834.747.667.855.537.3
61.075.048.038.071.350.856.945.866.056.059.635.444.745.661.788.956.440.246.580.124.936.058.044.324.538.854.850.845.132.447.356.853.670.846.834.747.667.855.537.3
61.075.048.038.071.350.856.945.866.056.059.635.444.745.661.788.956.440.246.580.124.936.058.044.324.538.854.850.845.132.447.356.853.670.846.834.747.667.855.537.3
43.963.848.248.486.860.757.876.354.341.054.767.459.273.255.044.969.859.558.454.758.054.566.029.741.242.865.972.953.449.736.481.735.029.150.038.832.333.127.936.8
43.963.848.248.486.860.757.876.354.341.054.767.459.273.255.044.969.859.558.454.758.054.566.029.741.242.865.972.953.449.736.481.735.029.150.038.832.333.127.936.8
43.963.848.248.486.860.757.876.354.341.054.767.459.273.255.044.969.859.558.454.758.054.566.029.741.242.865.972.953.449.736.481.735.029.150.038.832.333.127.936.8
36
Regional Groupings
Central Africa Cameroon, Central African Republic (CAR), Chad, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, São Tomé & Príncipe.
East Africa Burundi, Comoros, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Seychelles, Somalia, South Sudan*, Sudan*, Tanzania, Uganda.
North Africa Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Tunisia.
Southern Africa Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Zambia, Zimbabwe.
West Africa Benin, Burkina Faso, Cabo Verde, Côte d’Ivoire, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo.
*South Sudan and Sudan are not considered in the calculation of any average values for any groups in the 2014 IIAG.
Source: AEO 2014 (AfDB/OECD/UNDP/UNECA).
The 2014 IIAG covers a 14-year data period from 2000 to 2013. The full data set, all of the underlying raw data used in the computation of the IIAG and normalised scores, as calculated for the expressed purposes of the IIAG, are available online at: www.moibrahimfoundation.org/iiag-downloads/.
All figures are displayed to one decimal place within this report. For this reason, countries may appear to have the same score, or the same change over time, but do not when decimal places are taken into account. This is also why countries may appear to have a change over time of -/+0.0. Countries have been ranked and trends have been described based on the numbers to full precision, not the rounded numbers.
Analysis of trends over time (improvements and deteriorations) take into consideration a five-year period: 2009-2013. References to the past five years refer to this time period.
Twenty-six indicators were formed by clustering a number of underlying variables which each measure the same dimension and come from different sources, or measure similar concepts and come from the same source. A cluster is formed by averaging the underlying variables (post normalisation).
Following the secession of South Sudan in 2011, Sudan was, for the first time, excluded from the IIAG. Once comprehensive data are available for South Sudan and Sudan both countries will be included in the IIAG.
Somalia has no underlying raw data for all indicators in the Rural Sector sub-category and therefore is not given a score or rank. These cases are indicated by “.”.
Notes
www.moibrahimfoundation.org
/MoIbrahimFoundation @Mo_IbrahimFdn #IIAG