HANOI UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTUREFACULTY OF AGRONOMY

Instructor: Ph.D Tran Thi Minh Hang

TOMATO PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION

in Dang Xa – Gia Lam - Hanoi

Group 2: Hoang Thi Yen Tang Thi Thanh Huyen Do Van Thanh Hoang Thi Thao

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CONTENTS

I. Introduction.

II. Contents and methods of research.

1. Purposes.

2. Contents.

3. Research Methods.

III. Results and discussion.

1. Natural conditions and socio-economic conditions of the commune

2. Production and consumption of tomato.

3. The advantages and disadvantages in the production of tomato

4. Solutions contribute to the development tomato production in Dang Xa

commune

IV. Conclusions and suggestions

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I. INTRODUCTION

Vegetables: crops which cannot lack and be replaced in daily diet of human.

Vegetables provide lots of vitamins, proteins, lipids, minerals and photochemicals… that other foods cannot be replaced

Vegetables are plants with high economic efficiency The area and production of vegetables in the worldwide and

Vietnam have continued to increase

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NUTRITIVE VALUE IN TOMATOES

Vitamins: Carotenoid ( 1-2 mg%), C (20-40 mg%), B1 ( 0.08-0.15 mg), B2 (0.05-0.07 mg), PP (0.5-1.65 mg).

Minerals: K (114-207 mg%), P (23-36 mg), Na (8-45.8 mg), Ca (7-20 mg).

Carbohydrate: 50% of dry matter, 2-4% of fresh weight. Organic acids: citric acid, malic acid occupy 12-13% dry matter, 0.4-

0.6% of fresh weight. Lipids occupied 24% of seed weight. Tomatoes can be eaten by cooked or raw.

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Dang Xa is a commune in Gia Lam district where the natural area is 587 ha, occupying 486 ha of arable land.

Dang Xa has favorable geographical location, infrastructure and natural conditions for tomato production.

However, actual production of tomatoes here still faces to many difficulties such as fragmented and small producing state, do not follow regulations, consumer heterogeneity and uncertain.

From the above situations, we carried out the research : “Production and consumption of tomatoes in Dang Xa - Gia Lam – Ha Noi”.

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II. CONTENTS AND METHODS OF RESEARCH

1. Contents

- Object: Tomatoes ( Lycopersicum ).

- Location: Dang Xa commune, Gia Lam district, Hanoi.

- Time: 15-03-2014

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2. Purposes: - Surveying about techniques, fertilizer, density, care and

situation…of tomato production.- Surveying about tomato consumption- Determining the advantages and disadvantages in production to

make appropriate solutions for tomato production in Dang Xa.

3. Research Methods.

- Field Survey and field observations.

- Interviews with 5 household directly.

- Find out the information, data from books and internet.

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III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

1. Natural conditions and socio-economic conditions of the commune1.1 Natural Conditions:

1.1.1 Geographical location:

- Gia Lam District is located in the northeast of the capital with the important intersections: Highway 5 and Highway 1 to connect other provinces; railways, Gia Lam airport, Hong River, Duong River

- The center of economic growth triangle of Ha Noi- Hai Phong - Quang Ninh

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1.1.2 Topography:

Most the areas in Gia Lam are terrain flat with alluvial deposits of the Red River, the average alluvium thickness from 90-120cm. These conditions are favorable for the development of agriculture, particularly in production and trading of fresh vegetables.

1.1.3 Climate characteristics:

- A humid tropical climate, hot and rainy in summer, cold in winter.

- The annual average temperature is 24.3oC, average relative humidity of 80%. Average annual rainfall is 1585.5mm, approximately 144 days of rain each year .

1.2. Socio-economic conditions:

- Gia Lam District is a developed urban area. The district has 3 supermarkets and 17 markets

- Cultivated rice area has been gradually replaced by areas of vegetables, flowers and ornamental plants etc. forming some of safe vegetable production areas as Dang Xa Co-op, Van Duc Co-op etc.

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II. PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION OF TOMATOES

2.1. Soil type and cultivation techniques.

+ Dang Xa commune soil mostly is sandy loam

+ Before planting farmers must clean weeds and plow carefully

+ After making soil small, make the planting beds, then mix manure and phosphorus (or NPK) into the soil, after that put into each plant hollow

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Make the planting bed:

- In rainy season: narrow and high bed with bow-shape

0.7 – 0.8m wide, 30-35cm height

- In dry season: wide and flat bed with sag shape

1 – 1.2m wide, 20 – 25cm height, furrow 30 – 35cmSpacing: - row-row: 70cm

- plant – plant: 55 – 60cm Plant populations: 1000 – 1200 plants/sao

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2.2.Growing season: + Summer – Autumn: May - Jul. + Early Winter – Spring : Jul. - Sep. + Mid Winter - Spring : Sep. - Nov. + Late Winter - Spring : Nov. - Jan. + Spring – Summer : Jan. - Apr.

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2.3. Crop rotation formula:

+ Formula 1: Cabbage (Oct. – Feb.) – Tomato (Feb. – Jun.) – Yard – long bean (Jun. – Oct.)

+ Formula 2: Sweet potato (Jan. – May) – Soybean ( May – Aug.) – Tomato (Sep. – Dec.)

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2.4. Fertilizer Applied amount per 1 sao: manure, 3- 4.5kg P, 5.2- 5.6kg

N, 5- 5.6kg K Basal application: 100% manure+ 100% phosphorus

fertilizer (compost or NPK), fertilizers are spread on the soil of bed.

Top dressing: applies N, K in 3 – 4 times during main growth stages. Each time includes 1.3 -1.4kg N ; 1.25–1.4kg K

- First application: 10-15 days after transplanting.

- Second application: starting to flower.

- Third application: flowering and fruit setting.

- Last application: after first harvesting.

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2.5. Watering.

- After planting, farmers watering tomatoes in the morning or afternoon

- Watering should be frequently and throughout.

- Farmers can combine with fertilizer application.

- Furrow irrigation should be applied in critical periods (flowering and fruiting stage).

- Overall the canal and ditch system in the local are still low

- In winter, lack of water to irrigate vegetables, therefore should upgrade to the irrigation system adjusted to suit the amount of water needed.

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2.6 Weeding, break and turn up the soil

+ Farmers in the local knew the importance of weeding, cultivating.

+ Break and turn up the soil: usually 2 times before staking.

- First time: After planting about 10-12 days, when the trees are rooted, combined with weeding and first top dressing.

- Second time: about 1 month after planting.

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2.7. Pests and diseases

a. Pests:

- Leafminer: occurs early in the fruiting period, defoliation can reduce yield and fruit size and expose fruit to sunburn

- Fruitworms: consume the tomato’s interior and leaves, a cavity filled with fluid and droppings. The tomato quickly decays and rots.

- Thrips: feed on the lower surface of leaves, buds, flowers and fruits; also are vectors of the tomato spotted wilt virus.

- Whiteflies: Leaves may dry out and turn yellow, and tomato growth will be stunted.

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b. Diseases:

- Bacteria wilt: Affects to all stages but most serious during reproductive stage and fruiting stage.

- Late blight: can infect and destroy the leaves, stems, and fruits tomato plants. 

- TYCLV: can be easily recognised when tomato plants are infected at the seedling stage. TYLCV causes severe stunting of young leaves and shoots.

- Powdery mildew: White, powdery spots appear on leaf surfaces, spreading to cover leaves and even stems. The leaves will then turn yellow, die and drop off. Plants will have a lower yield and shortened fruiting season. The fruits have less flavor than healthy fruit.

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METHODS TO CONTROL

Farmers early detect these diseases and find the appropriate control methods.

Limit using of chemicals pesticides as drugs can kill natural enemies that are useful in crop fields.

Farming practices to remove crop residues after harvesting

Plowing soil deeply (10-15 cm), exposed to the sun from 10-15 days before planting

Farmer should do seed treatment before sowing and watering to avoid harmful moisture for the roots.

Applying crop rotation and thinning

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HARVESTING AND CONSUMPTION Harvest at right maturity and at right time Pick fruit carefully to avoid mechanical injury Productivity: >3kg / plant. After harvesting, tomatoes are sold out to traders at the farm or

retail markets, no seeds remain for next season. Price fluctuates from 5000 – 9000 VND/kg Mid Winter-Spring: harvest on the Lunar New Year period so price

in this growing season is the highest reaching 15,000 VND / kg.

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NĂNG LỰC SẢN XUẤT VÀ CUNG ỨNG CÁC LOẠI SẢN PHẨM:

Sản phẩm 

Sản lượng

(tấn/năm) 

Diện tích(ha)

Sản phẩm

Sản lượng

(tấn/năm) 

Diện tích(ha)

Bắp cải 4,432 80 Đậu đỗ 665 20

Su hào 831 30 Dưa chuột 208 5

Súp lơ 624 15 Cải thảo 166 5

Cải ngọt 291 15 Cải củ 67 2

Cải xanh 166 10 Cà pháo 1,247 15

Cải ngồng 111 5 Rau thơm 166 3

Mồng tơi 831 20 Rau ngót 111 2

Rau dền 299 18 Ngọn bí 1,108 20

Rau ngót 111 2 Cà chua 1,248 15

HTX Đặng Xá, 2013

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3. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES IN PRODUCTION

1. Advantages:

- Farmers in Dang Xa: a long tradition of growing vegetables, many experiences in production, and hardworking.

- Soils with a light mechanical is advantaged for the cultivation

- Demand of vegetables is increasing.

- Location of tomato production has convenient transportation

- Dang Xa commune is located in the suburban of Hanoi to provide tomatoes consumed within the city and surrounding areas.

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2. Disadvantages:

- Natural disasters: such as hurricanes, floods, frost, fog...

- Farmers are dependent on weather conditions

- Awareness of farmers is limited about fresh vegetables issues,

using pesticides indiscriminately

- Capital of households is limited.

- Lack of good quality seeds.

- Plant structure is unsuitable

- Lack of uniformity, specifically each household plants different

crops on the same 1 unit area leads to considerable care,

technical progress can not be applied simultaneously.

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4. SOLUTION CONTRIBUTE FOR DEVELOPMENT

Farmers should focus on the investment for techniques, resulting in a brand safe vegetables for consumers to know and trust.

Open technique training programs to help farmers access to scientific and technical progress and apply in production.

Government should increase investment on financial inputs to farmers so they can invest for their production.

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Dang Xa is conveniently located in the transport and consumption of vegetables in the Hanoi area so should actively find markets for farmers.

Applying the technical equipment: house roof, low arch or specialized nets.... which are cheap materials, suitable conditions of each household.

Updating good varieties, suitable with the natural conditions of the area.

Constructing of infrastructures such as irrigation systems, roads…

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IV.CONCLUSIONS

Natural conditions, socio-economic, market demand etc. in Dang Xa commune, Gia Lam, Ha Noi are quite favorable for development of vegetable production in general and tomatoes production in particular.

Price of tomatoes in still unstable Production system stops at small, unbranded household level

which limits the prestige and consumer markets.

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SUGGESTIONS

The solutions to developed vegetable production, especially the production of safe vegetables should be implemented uniformly: management agencies to organize production and supply.

Raising proficiency, technical to farmer by opening the technical training on vegetable cultivation…

Using the technical methods for safe vegetable production to improve quality, productivity and income for farmers.

Building the storehouses for storage equipments of agricultural products in the local.

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REFERENCES

Ph.D Tran Thi Minh Hang, ‘Crop Management Systems For Vegetable Production’ Course, Jan 13 – April 04 2014

PGS.TS Tạ Thu Cúc, Giáo trình cây rau, Nhà xuất bản Đại học Nông Nghiệp Hà Nội, 2007, 113-138 pp

http://www.sanbanbuon.vn/htx-dich-vu-nong-nghiep-dang-xa-c11p42.html

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Thanks for your attention!!!