Well Rehabilitation Solutions Presentation - Geoquip Water Solutions Ltd

PowerPoint Presentation

geoquip water solutions limited ((Tel) +44(0)1473 462046 ((Fax) +44(0)1473 462146*(EMAIL) [email protected] 8(WEBSITE) www.geoquipwatersolutions.comWell Rehabilitation Solutions Presentation

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Iron OxidesCarbonates & ScalesManganeseIron Related BacteriaSulphur Reducing & Oxidising BacteriaAreas of Specialty

geoquip water solutions limited ((Tel) +44(0)1473 462046 ((Fax) +44(0)1473 462146*(EMAIL) [email protected] 8(WEBSITE) www.geoquipwatersolutions.com

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Potable Water WellsPipelinesGeothermal Open Loop SystemsIrrigation Construction DewateringRemediationHydraulic BarriersApplicationsIts an engineering problem !Get the treatment to where the problem is and it will solve it.


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Biofouling Iron Oxide Iron Bacteria Iron Reducing Bacteria Iron Algae Iron Related Bacteria Iron Oxide CloggingTargeting


Its known by a lot of different names but the impact is both complex and widespread. Details on the bacterial groups and the processes of the oxide formation are widely available online, or we have further information available.4

FOCUS


FOCUS: We only care about removing the clogging in a fast efficient manner and then delaying its return for as long as possible.General examples can be seen here. Take residue samples when you have the opportunity for bucket testing.

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When you pull a pump, send a camera down


As well as looking at pump and pipe samples, it is also VERY useful to send a camera down the well and take a look.

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Transport cart Custom 2 - wheeled unit for ultimate mobility

10 surplus Cable Allows remote viewing in extreme weather

Powered reel Adjustable speed powered winchwith 300 m (1,000 ft.) of Kevlar reinforced coaxial cable

Video Monitor7 LCD colour monitorwith sun shield

Depth CounterDigital on-screen depth counterto tenths of feet or metersPortable Camera Control Unit Compact package with hard case and locking mechanism for the monitor and all control functionsDigital Video Recorder 12v recorder to document thesurveyPortable Power Supply12v Battery with chargerand digital volt meter

Note: Tri-lights not included in standard package.

High Intensity Lighting/Dual Camera System50 super bright, water-clear LEDs allows high resolution photos in wells up to 50cm in diameter Dual wide angle cameras, one down view, one side view, with remote switching and continuous 3600 rotation

R-CAM 1000 Downhole Camera


Allows us to see whats down there and target the treatment Three blind miceWe can also see what progress we are making if we are using more than one cleaning phase.Sites conditions and access vary considerably so a highly portable system is going to be desirable for most operators

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Vision can be a great tool !


Vision can be a great toolClassic organic iron oxidesA nice floatyhere we can see one of the inflow fissures in a sandstone formation clogged with oxide.So now we have SEEN what we need to fix, lets take a quick look at the chemical selection proccess

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Full Rig Clean Method Summary

Pull up the pump Take some samples from the pump or rising main if you can.


The most successful method we have found is the Brush & Surge with a full rig unitAlternative methods are available such as airlifting, pump in well treatment, surge block. These can affect the quality of the final treatment and quantity of material required.Sometimes there is no choice however.9

Ultra C with Iron OxideIKL Pro with Iron OxideDo a Quick Test


Take a sample - do a quick test check that the selected chemical is the right one.Mixing a small amount with ultra c and another with IKL Pro usually gives us a quick idea of what we are facing. We don't use Ultra C on calcium carbonates.Does the sample solution turn bright green, dark brown or fizz madly?

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Borehole Treatment using


Lets look at the preferred treatment.11

Pump testA Benchmark

Camera Survey


Step 1: Do a pump test so we can chart the specific capacity. Sometimes you can just use the clients pump but we have a custom rig for when this isnt available.Step 2: send the Laval camera down, the client gets a copy and we know whats down there that needs treating

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Cable rigCable rig tool


Step 3: Put a small portable cable rig over the holeStep 4: Here we see the next stage on from a cable tool rig. Using a winch means we can get the chemical in the well and start brushing with only minutes of setup time.None of this cumbersome need to have a crew adding and subtracting drill pipe to clean the next section up or down. The reciprocation wheel on the cable gives us a cleaning stroke of 47 inch's and we will do each section for 10 minutes. Clearing the equipment from the well for a camera inspection is now a fast easy process.

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Cleaning RigsBrush & Surge Set


Step 5: These cleaning rigs can do any size well down to 1000m easily and quickly. As you can see there's not too much to it and they are very cheap to run.Step 6: After trialing many different systems and their variations we have found the fastest most consistent results are with a brush and surge set on a cable tool rig. We can use this setup at any depth, the brush's are not oversized and made of nylon. This means the bristles wont get caught in the screen and cause damage.

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Brushes BoreSaver Added


Step 7: The brushes freely rotate and are packed densely enough to create a gentle surging action immediately around the brush set. This action washes the treatment solution through the screen into the gravel pack allowing us to get every ounce of power out of the boresaver ultra c. Our focus here is gentle. Wells are so often in a delicate condition and being rough in cleaning can easily cause irreparable damage.Step 8: With the softer debris removed we then add the BoreSaver Ultra C and continue brushing

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PurgingFinal Camera Survey


Step 9: the next day we purge to a waste pit While purging we measure the specific capacity again and compare it to the original drilled as well as the before treatment numbers.Step 10: Another camera run and we are done.

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Other Treatment MethodsPump in wellAirlift or Any Re-development techniqueOther form of agitation


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Chemical Selection

So how do we select the Right Chemical?

Typically, no single chemical type will address all encrustation and bio fouling removal, suspension, dispersal, and repression needs.

Blended method treatments permit more effective removal of multiple problems, or treat a single difficult problem more effectively (Smith, 1995; Alford and Cullimore, 1999).


So how do we select the right chemical?Typically, no single chemical type will address all encrustation and biofouling removal, suspension, dispersal, and repression needs. Blended method treatments permit more effective removal of multiple problems, or treat a single difficult problem more effectively (Smith, 1995; Alford and Cullimore, 1999).

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(Smith, 1995; Alford and Cullimore, 1999)


This is particularly the case with iron biofouling and therefore influenced significantly the formulation and development of BoreSaver Ultra C.

Experience in the real world has shown that common treatment chemicals such as glycolic and hydrochloric acid are not effective in cleaning screens and gravel pack areas when there are organic iron oxides present

We dont need just another box of the same old chemicals we need something that is specifically formulated for these organic iron oxides. Something that is powerful enough to clean the gravel pack as well as the screen.

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A.England - Regulation 31 of The Water Supply (Water Quality) Regulations 2000 (Statutory Instruments 2000 No 3184) http://www.dwi.gov.uk/stakeholders/regulations/ws_wqregs2000.pdf

B.Wales Regulation 31 of The Water Supply (Water Quality) Regulations 2001 (Welsh Statutory Instrument 2001 No 3911 (W.323) http://www.opsi.gov.uk/legislation/wales/wsi2001/20013911.htm

C.Scotland Regulation 27 of The Water Supply (Water Quality) (Scotland) Regulations 2001 http://www.opsi.gov.uk/legislation/scotland/ssi2001/20010207.htm

Northern Ireland Regulation 30 of The Water Supply (Water Quality) (Amendment) Regulations) (Northern Ireland) 2009 (Statutory Rules of Northern Ireland 2009 No.246) http://www.opsi.gov.uk/sr/sr2009/nisr_20090246_en_1

US - NSF International for BoreSaver Ultra C

ApprovalsFor all products


government approvals from around the world so we dont get stuck at the border.

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CompareIron Oxide Dissolved (averaged)


So why did we choose this organic acid to build our product blend and framework on? lets look at some direct comparisons with the common well cleaning chemicals around the world.This is from our own research as well as the work of researchers, preeminent in their respective fields. A whole lot of identical iron oxide samples were soaked in different acids. This is a 4 hour test. The Glycolic comparison is important because its one of the common well cleaning chemical, also hydrochloric never does very well.

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And the 7 hour test with a few others typically used acids.

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Water Test Comparison


One of the reasons it works so well is because it removes iron related bacteria from the treatment zone.Here we see a water test before and after treatment. This helps explain why the well stays clean so much longer than with traditional treatments.A well just 65 feet away was sampled during treatment and for two week as after. No trace of the product was detected

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Hydrochloric AcidOwner: Local Government BodyClient: Water Bore RedevelopersProduct: BoreSaver Ultra C Well: Fibreglass 90 deepDate: 2007


We were given the opportunity to do some side by side testingThis well has a history of iron oxide clogging going back at least 12 years. Ten years ago an automated electrolysis device was installed in an attempt to stop iron oxide forming around the pump, the effect was short term and is considered a failure by the parties involved. Over the past 6 to 7 years, this local government well has seen regular rehabilitation with a surge block and hydrochloric acid. We were presented with the opportunity to do a camera run just before this years scheduled rehabilitation. After surging the well with HCL there was no detectable increase in specific capacity so the contractor was asked to try again and used air surging. Again there was no measurable improvement in the specific capacity.

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By testing the specific capacity at each treatment phase we are able to make direct comparisons between the Phased Treatment System (BoreSaver) and what is a standard industry rehabilitation strategy (hydrochloric acid and air surging).We gently surged 88lb of Ultra C in the screen for about 6 hours . The next day we purged and put the pump back in place. A pump test showed we had achieved a 28% recovery in specific capacity; a substantial increase considering there had been no recovery with the hydrochloric and air.

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ChlorinationChlorine is a fantastic tool for disinfecting wells with coliforms and other assorted nasty's. For removing organic iron clogging it is useless.Iron Oxide is already oxidizedWhy, because chlorine is an oxidizing agentThe iron oxide is already oxidized, so what's the point of pouring chlorine down the hole to remove the iron oxide?Yes it will kill some bugs but its well recognized that iron bacteria are highly resistant to chlorinating solutions.


Why, because chlorine is an oxidizing agentThe iron oxide is already oxidized, so what's the point of pouring chlorine down the hole to remove the iron oxide?Yes it will kill some bugs but its well recognized that iron bacteria are highly resistant to chlorinating solutions.

Combining physical methods with reducing agents i.e the appropriate acids will dissolve the clogging properly.

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Glycolic AcidTesting as well as client feedback suggests products which are predominantly glycolic acid suffers from a serious lack of power and performance

So lets have a look at a range of recent field experiences with glycolic acid and BoreSaver.


This testing as well as client feedback suggests glycolic acid suffers from a serious lack of power and performance So lets have a look at a range of recent field experiences with glycolic acid and BoreSaver.After that we will look at the favored methods we use to maximize the rehabilitation recovery yields.

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this is a week after being cleaned with almost a thousand gallons of glycolic acidThe top 65 or so was quite clean and shiny but there had not been any increase in production.

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Sending the camera down and some simple testing showed why,the water is flowing in from much further down , between 260 and 360 mark.Here is a Laval side view at 300 feet and we can see the screen is almost completely blockedObservation and experience has shown that it is difficult to direct sufficientconcentrations of liquid acids to the gravel pack to dissolve iron oxide blockages.Using a tremmie or pipe to pump the chemicals into the screen area helps but isdecreasingly effective as well depths increases or where there are multiplescreens.

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Same wellsame depth But after we had surged 90kg of Boresaver into the lower 50m of the screenThe treatment solution was left it in place 24 hours before sending the camera down for a look. Looked good so the pump was reinstalled

And we did a pump test

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Coal Mine Comparisons

Proprietary Glycolic BlendBoreSaver Ultra C


So lets put the glycolic side by side. Same brush and surge method, same 2 day time frame same well.This is a coal mine 350 water supply well with slotted PCV screen.

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Coal Mine ComparisonsProprietary Glycolic BlendBoreSaver Ultra C


At 58m

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Coal Mine ComparisonsProprietary Glycolic BlendBoreSaver Ultra C


and again at 70m

The client reported an increase in the pumping water level of almost 200 feetDespite many years of ordinary rehabilitation it wasnt until they used BoreSaver that the well was properly cleaned.

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AUS GovernmentResearch FacilityWell details; 367 feet deep16 inch diameterHardness 500 ppm


Here is a well at a large government agricultural research facility north of Sydney Australia They have used this well as a test bed to compare well rehabilitation chemicals and methods.

Well Details: 112m deep 400mm diameter Hardness 500 ppm

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This site had a history of production problems that had been previouslyaddressed with a traditional mix of glycolic acid and cable tool agitation.Production had not been improved in the treatment just 6 weeks prior so thePhased Treatment System was selected to test for any further improvements.

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Glycolic vs Ultra CComparisons64% Improvement


for the same drawdown we went from 7 to 11 mega litres per day.Doesn't look so much on a graph but

Thats an extra 1 million gallons per day

Given that the majority of the screens were already clean, we can reasonablyexplain the production increase of 64% as a result of the gravel pack beingcleaned of blockages allowing greater water flows into the well.

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We know some sites just aren't suitable for a full rig clean. It might be cost, site access or a time factor. In that case folks will often choose the pump in recycle method

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Deer Park RanchIron-Related Bacteria on last years pump is left to fester and rust near the well.


The client had a long standing iron problem and they wanted to use the pump cycle method rather than surge and brush.

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Disconnect the pump outlet pipe.Pump Cycle Clean MethodAdd the cleaning product to the well.


Stage 1: With a pump in cycle clean we simply disconnect the pump outlet pipe.Stage 2: Add the product to the well

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Run the pump between 4 & 8 hours.Ultra C is working when water turns GREEN.


Stage 4: Run the pump for between 4 and 8 hours making sure the pump doesn'tt run dry or over heat.Stage 5: You know the Ultra C is working when the water goes green

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Next day pump and reconnect outlet pipe.


Stage 5: The next day pump to waste and reconnect the outlet pipe.

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Pre-treatment 11-2-2011The pump and cable with the slimy IRB on them.


Here we did pull the pump just to take a look.

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BoreSaver Post Treatment 16-2-2011We moved the black tape above to show the color of the pipes when they went in the hole. The picture on the right shows what the pump looked like when it came out.


This type of clean focuses on the pump and rising main and will have little if any cleaning action below the pump intakes.

On smaller 4 to 6 inch wells that dont run huge duty cycles this quick simple method gives good enough results provided its done every year or two.

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This is what the pump looks like at the four hour recycle test, almost all the iron in the impellers has been removed but its not until you hit the 8 hour mark that you start to get more complete results.


The shorter the time frame the less oxide is dissolved.This is what the pump looks like at the four hour recycle test, almost all the iron in the impellers has been removed but its not until you hit the 8 hour mark that you start to get more complete results.

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Lets take this opportunity to shift from the results of rehabilitating individual wells to doing whole well fields.

over 100 miles from one end of the mine to the other.At Cooljarloo there are 24 wells supplying water for separation and processing, these wells cover two key groupings, North and South.Kevin Wintergreene from WBR WA was invited to access the wells and develop a management strategy so that costs could be contained and the required yields achieved. A team was sent to site with a cable driven brush and surge rig along with the cleaner of choice, BoreSaver Ultra C.

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Each well is surveyed at the start.Each well is removed and cleaned.


The wells were surveyed at the start of the project to check the condition of the screens.

Each well had the pump removed for inspection and service (where required) and the well fully cleaned out. Rehabilitation consisted of bailing the loose debris, adding Ultra C then brushing and surging for a day. The pump was then reinstalled and the well purged to waste.

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In 2008 actual yield fell 25% short of the required amount. And maintenance was being done on breakdown basis

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Cooljarloo Production Well ReportSouth well field2008Pump NumberTarget Flow (L/s)Avg Weekly Flow (L/s)Variation (L/s)Expected Yield (m3)Actual Yield (m3)Yield Change (m3)Flow Variation (%)CPB 0121.518.8-3 13,00311364-1,639 -13%CPB 27119.9-1 6,6536012-641 -10%CPB 29116.2-5 6,6533754-2,899 -44%CPB 3310.56.5-4 6,3503956-2,394 -38%CPB 348.74.1-5 5,2622458-2,804 -53%CPB 3714.39.1-5 8,6495492-3,157 -36%CPB 3811.57.3-4 6,9554397-2,558 -37%CPB 392522.9-2 15,12013830-1,290 -9%CPB 4021.816.6-5 13,18510030-3,155 -24%CPB 4121.733.111 13,124200376,913 53%CPB 425.56.61 3,3263970644 19%CPB 4324.70.0-25 14,9390-14,939 -100%Totals187141-46 113,21985,300-27,919 -25%


At the start of the project the wells were monitored for drawdown, flow amps etc. on a weekly basis. This, along with good historical records allowed rehabilitation engineers to target the worst performing wells and program in ongoing light rehabilitation on a planned rotation, before the pump failed.As the crisis events stopped and flows increased, the monitoring was shifted to every 3 or 4 weeks giving us three years of comprehensive data across the well fields.

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Cooljarloo Production Well ReportSOUTH Well Field20082011Pump NumberTarget Flow (L/s)Flow L/sVariation (L/s)Expected Yield (m3) 2008 Yield (m3)Yield Change (m3)Yield Variation (%)Planned Flow (L/s)Flow L/sVariation (L/s)Yield (m3)Yield +/-Discharge pointCPB 0121.518.8-3 13,00311364-1,639 -13%21.518.6-2.97557-3807GR5H /ConcentratorCPB 27119.9-1 6,6536012-641 -10%88.60.64691-1321south mine transfer tankCPB 29116.2-5 6,6533754-2,899 -44%1117.16.190155261south mine transfer tankCPB 3310.56.5-4 6,3503956-2,394 -38%10.518.78.2137569800Dredge PondCPB 348.74.1-5 5,2622458-2,804 -53%8.713.34.636511193ConcentratorCPB 3714.39.1-5 8,6495492-3,157 -36%14.320.76.4105125020GR5H / ConcentratorCPB 3811.57.3-4 6,9554397-2,558 -37%11.513.41.979653568GR5H / ConcentratorCPB 392522.9-2 15,12013830-1,290 -9%25283.011999-1831GR5H / ConcentratorCPB 4021.816.6-5 13,18510030-3,155 -24%21.817.3-4.59658-372south mine transfer tankCPB 4121.733.111 13,124200376,913 53%21.731.069.414572-5465south mine transfer tankCPB 425.56.61 3,3263970644 19%5.510.75.262032233GR5H / ConcentratorCPB 4324.70.0-25 14,9390-14,939 -100%000.000south mine transfer tankTotals187141-46 113,21985,300-27,919 -25%160197389957914279


A comparison of the well field performance between 2008 and 2011 has been completed and the benefits of an effective maintenance program have proven to be substantial.

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Three years on in 2011, we have 6 of the wells in the south well field only running part time, and we still have almost 4 million gallons extra

By having 6 of the 12 wells running only part time, it is a simple matter to balance water flows to allow for maintenance without slipping below production targets.As well as reducing maintenance costs, operational costs particularly power consumption have been substantial lowered. The pumps arent choked and can run at peak efficiency.It is interesting to note that in 2011 the weekly liters per second readings are lower but thats because half the wells only run part time. Yield is up almost 15 000 cubic meters a week on the 2008 results and this is what counts

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North Well Field20082011Pump NumberTarget Flow (L/s)Calc Avg Weekly Flow (L/s)Variation (L/s)Expected Yield (m3)Actual Yield (m3)Yield Change (m3)Flow variationCalc Avg Weekly Flow (L/s)7 day yield (m3)yield comparisonFlow VariationDischarge pointCOMMENTSCPB 1500.00 000 0%0.0000%North mine bore tankOff for environmental reasonsCPB 3000.00 000 0%3.1188218820%North mine bore tankCPB 3100.00 000 0%0.0000%North mine bore tankOff for environmental reasonsCPB 3257.93 3,02448071,783 59%0.01323-348428%ConcentratorNorth mine not using itCPB 351013.84 6,04883512,303 38%15.996011250115%North mine bore tankCPB 362016.6-3 12,09610065-2,031 -17%0.05477-458854%North mine bore tankintermittent use onlyCPB 4426.40.0-26 15,96728-15,939 -100%0.0144861445851737%North mine bore tankintermittent use onlyCPB 457.56.5-1 4,5363958-578 -13%8.652051247131%North mine bore tankCPB 46130.0-13 7,8620-7,862 -100%0.0000%North mine bore tankOff for environmental reasonsTotals8245-37 49,53327,209-22,324 -45%283797410765140%


Lets take a quick look at the North well field comparisons., we can see a similar storyThere are two wells where the yields are down on 2008. This is of course because they no longer need to run it full time.

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With 2,843,812 gallons more water each week they dont need to run 6 of the 9 wells full bore.Some significant savings for the client here.

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Ultimate Iron Oxide


Lets have a quick look at one of the worst oxide wells we have seen.

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Water Corporation M 570


This is an Australian government water supply wellThe only rehabilitation it had over the years was some air lifting More than likely made it worse.Here's our side view shot before treatment the client used their own camera, not a Laval

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Clogged Gravel Pack


We got a partial recovery, almost tripling the specific capacity but we felt there was more available.

sent the camera down and saw the gravel pack still had substantial blockages, the client approved a follow-up dose and surge and asked us to continue doing this until it stopped recovering.This was 20 years of buildup, massive thickness to the clogging and the iron oxides are not very reactive

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Cleaned Gravel Pack


Here we can see the same screen section after BoreSaver Ultra C was brushed and surged several more times.We did a pump test after each phase to test the specific capacity and chart our progress.

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Water Corporation M 570


And the results were spectacularNot only was the well back to full production.we achieved better than the original drilled capacity.

What was also interesting with this well was that it did in fact improve for each of the 4 phases.I believe thats because it had not been cleaned for 20 years. And the iron oxide was massively thick, hard and chemically stable

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Water Corporation M 570378% Increasein Specific Capacity (SC)


BTW thats a 378% increase in Specific capacity.Remember this is a working production well not some little back yard hole in the ground.

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How Long?


How long does this clean last?

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Our government wells are ideal research tools because they are carefully measured and monitored over long periods of time.Here we used BoreSaver Ultra C and surged the well each day over four days.The client (the government) wanted to see if any further improvement was possible over the first day results.We got over 200% improvement in the specific capacityAll of it achieved on the first day of treatment. The result we saw with a minute ago with M 570 is unusual because it was so bad and the client gave us free reign to see what we could do.

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We went back the next year and again four phases were used. 35% improvement in specific capacity which could have been achieved by upping the dose and time factor during the fist phase. But it was a research project so you cant change the method half way through!When I compared the two years well performance numbers, I noticed something very exciting.

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The starting point in 09 was double that of the year before. This means the well had not deteriorated anything like as much as had been the case with air and glycolic acid treatments in the previous years

With this result we asked to be allowed to inspect the well every three months for a year

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What we found was a dramatic slowdown in the growth of iron oxides over the yearWhere normally they would get 25mm of oxide in 3 monthsThey only had 3mm.

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less oxide buildup of course means an improvement in the service interval time.A significant improvement that saves the client money

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ConclusionMore WaterLower Maintenance CostsMaximise Time Between CleansProactive not ReactiveThe right chemistry with the right methods give spectacular results!


Blended organic acids with modern surfactants are very powerful on organic iron oxidesCoupling physical rehab methods such as airlifting, sona or enerjet with the Ultra C gives good resultsBrushing and surging Ultra c into the screen and formation give us the best results

The right chemistry with the right methods gives spectacular results.

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Visit our BoreSaver International sitewww.wellrehabilitationsolutions.com


Thank you


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Environment

Well Rehabilitation Solutions Presentation - Geoquip Water Solutions Ltd