Imagination at work

TWCA – 2015The Economic Power of WaterGE’s Focus on ReuseGrant MacInnis, P.Eng.June 19th, 2015

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Agenda

1. On what are we focused and why? ReUse.

2. Liquid Stream - Technology to Enhance ReUse

3. Tertiary Membranes vs. MBR4. DPR and MBR’s Place5. Energy-Neutral Wastewater Treatment6. Minds and Machines

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Global Freshwater Supply Gap

*Assumes productivity is frozen.

Global water withdrawals, 1990-2025*Billion cubic meters

Available Resource

Supply Gap4,50

0

6,200

+38%

Source: 2030 Water Resources Group, 2009; McKinsey’s Resource Revolution, 2011

Source: 2030 Water Resources Group, 2009; McKinsey’s Resource Revolution, 2011

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.

Sources of Freshwater

Commercial Recycling

Sewer Mining

Indirect Potable Reuse

Direct Potable Reuse

Industrial Reuse

Non-potable Reuse

Desalination Technologies

Rivers, Lakes,

Groundwater

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How Do You Fill the Gap?

• Water exists – it’s just the cost of getting it

• Highest cost for desalting

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Source: WateReuse – The Opportunities and Economics of Direct Potable Reuse

Typical Costs for California Water Utilities

Typical Costs

TexasGap Estimates Range from

3,000,000,000 to 6,000,000,000 gallons per daybetween now and 2060

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What This Actually Looks Like

• Disruptive technologies will change treatment

• Non-potable reuse will continue to grow

• Industry will be forced to recycle

• IPR/DPR will need to flourish

• Resource recovery flow sheets will be more presentWith new variables in the equation

…. Things will look different

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2. Liquid Stream - Technology to Enhance ReUse

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8 2014 General Electric Company

How is GE Innovating for the Future

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• 293-unit apartment building in Battery Park, NY

• LEED™ Gold certified

• Recycles up to 25,000 GPD for toilet flush water, cooling tower make-up and landscape irrigation

• Reduces the freshwater taken from the city’s water supply by over 75%

Solaire Apartments, first onsite water recycling system inside a residential building in US

The Early Years of MBR

Was used in niche applications which were decentralized for off the grid capacityDriversSolved water availability concernsAble to meet strict standardsGuaranteed effluent reliability

9 9 Commercial Reuse

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• Initially used as a feed for the electronics industry, wafer fabrication plants, and commercial building cooling towers

• A growing percentage is released back into local reservoirs for indirect potable reuse applications

Bedok NEWater Factory – Singapore

The Start of Reuse with UF Membranes - NEWaterFlowsheet

DriversProgressive nature of Singapore

Inadequate supplies of renewable fresh water

10 10 Non-Potable Reuse

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• Water produced for irrigation

• Frees up fresh water for human consumption

• Will treat up to 160 million gallons per day

• World’s largest membrane based wastewater filtration project

Sulaibiya, Kuwait, creating new water sources

The Evolution of Tertiary UF

Moved from support to unsupported fibers … ZW1000 & ZW1500DriversFocus on efficiency

Lifecycle equation become important

11 Non-Potable / Agricultural Reuse

3. Tertiary Membranes vs. MBR

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Tertiary Membranes vs MBR

Aeration / Anox Basins

Screening

Clarification

Membrane Filtration

Tertiary Membrane Process

MBR

Aeration / Anox BasinsScreening

Immersed Membranes

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• 3.75 million gallon per day reuse

• Treated effluent from wastewater treatment plant

• Used for vineyard and golf course irrigation

• Reduces fresh water drawn from the Napa River

Technology: ZeeWeed MBR with Disinfection

American Canyon, California - achieving stringent California Title 22 reuse standards

Irrigating Vineyards with WastewaterChallenge: Insufficient water from river to meet vineyard’s irrigation needs

Solution: Treat and reuse municipal wastewater effluent for irrigation

14 14Sewer Mining / Agricultural Reuse

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• Conserves 25 million gallons of Australia’s fresh water a year

• Advanced MBR produces 172,000 gallons of high quality water per day which is used to irrigate 55 acres

• “We are proud to be the first to embrace this innovative approach. It is bringing us a drought-proof supply of water that minimizes impact on Australia’s fresh water reserves.”

— Steve Walker, president, Pennant Hills Golf Club

Technology: ZeeWeed MBR with UV Disinfection

Pennant Hills Golf Club - Australia’s first commercial sewer mining water reuse plant

Harvesting Wastewater from SewersChallenge: Ongoing drought challenged availability of water for golf course

Solution: Sewer mining water reuse plant provides irrigation water

15Sewer Mining / Agricultural Reuse

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• First food manufacturing site in the United States to achieve LEED EB Gold Certification

• Treats and recycles 648,000 gallons per day of wastewater from the manufacturing process for rinse and wash water and for irrigation

• Site achieved 90 percent reduction in water and electricity usage with upgrade

Frito Lay Casa Grande, Arizona – achieving corporate targets of “net zero” footprint

Industrial RecyclingMBR has become the gold standard for industrial reuse in:Food & Beverage HPI/CPI PharmaDriversCost of water Zero downtimeEffluent quality Footprint

16 16Industrial Reuse

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Life cycle cost (CAPEX + OPEX)

Life cycle cost is lower for MBR compared to CAS for enhanced nutrient removal and water reuse applications

Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Case 4 Case 5 Case 6

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• Located in a rock formation in the center of Stockholm, with 18 km of tunnels blasted

• To treat 2/3 of the cities wastewater, treating up to 864 million gallons per day

• Effluent to achieve low nutrient requirements to comply with the Baltic Sea Action Plan and EU Directives

Henriksdal WWTP, Sweden – to become the largest MBR in the world

Growth to a New Order of MagnitudeMBR selected as the technology of choice for ever growing sized plantsDriversFootprint ReliabilityEffluent Quality Cost Effectiveness

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• Residents under strict water use restrictions due to drought

• Discharges more than 7 million gallons of advanced treated wastewater effluent a day into Lake Fort Phantom Hill reservoir

Flowsheet: MBR followed by reverse osmosis (60%) ozone system or a biological activated carbon filtration (40%), then blended and treated with chlorine for disinfection

Hamby WRF, TX – city of Abilene looks to IPR to maintain reservoirs

Wastewater for Potable Reuse

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Challenge: Reservoirs in drought stricken area hitting critically low levels

Solution: Introducing a sustainable source of water to replenish

IPR

Tertiary vs. MBR

Aeration / Anox Basins

Screening

Clarification

Membrane Filtration

Tertiary Membrane Process

MBR

Aeration / Anox BasinsScreening

Immersed Membranes

$4 / gpd + $1.5 / gpd

$4 / gpd

4. DPR and MBR’s Place

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• Reuse requirements driven by drought and depleted ground water

• MBR Treating 100,000 gallons per day and blend up to 50/50 with spring or ground water

Cloudcroft, New Mexico – one of few DPR plants being constructed in the United States

MBR’s Role in DPRTechnology is well suited for this applicationBenefitsFeed to RO Combining Unit Operations

ChallengesMembrane process treated like drinking water

Regulation gap and understanding of capability

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MBR’s Role in DPR

• Tertiary UF Giardia and Crypto = 4 log

• Validate MBR for at least 2.5 log• NWRI, Carollo, SNWA, SCVWD, C.of Sunnydale, Biovir Labs

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6. Energy Neutral Wastewater Treatment

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power – wastewater nexus

Wastewater treatment accounts for 3% of the electrical load in the US (1)

(1) EPA Office of Water. Wastewater Management Fact Sheet, Energy Conservation, EPA 832-F-06-024, July 2006.

The energy content of wastewater is 2-4X the energy required to treat it… an unexploited resource (2)

(2) Tchobanoglous, G. Impacts of New Concepts and Technology on the Energy Sustainability of Wastewater Management, Climate Change Sustainable Development and Renewable Energy Sources Conference, Thessaloniki Greece, October 2009.

The aspirational goal… an energy neutral plant

Shift from wastewater treatment to resource recovery

Wastewater

Energy

• Biosolids to landfill

• Micropollutants to environment

• Waste water discharge to sensitive

areas

• Green House gas emissions

• Huge energy drain

Today… wastewater as a burden to treat & discharge

Wastewater

Future… ‘opportunity water’ treated to recover valuable resources

Organic waste

• Water for irrigation and reuse,

limited solids disposal

• Energy back to grid

• Recovery of nutrients (N, P)

• Elimination of public health

concerns

A new energy neutral flow sheet

Optimize shunt of organics to sludge

treatment; minimize organic load to

biological treatment

Reliable N removal using proven nitrification-denitrification;Maximize oxygen transfer efficiency

Energy (electricity, heat) from biogas with high efficiency CHP

Anaerobic digestion for generation of

biogas

Enhanced primary treatment

Small footprint… 1/10th the size of primary clarificationOPEX savings… energyCAPEX savings… less concrete, fewer unit operationsSimplified design… fewer unit operations

Innovative low-energy advanced primary treatment

TSS removal 50 to 70%BOD removal 25 to 40%Outstanding Screening for Membrane Systems

Performs the function of a primary clarifier and fine screen in a fraction of the footprint

Benefits

A new energy neutral flow sheet

Optimize shunt of organics to sludge

treatment; minimize organic load to

biological treatment

Reliable N removal using proven nitrification-denitrification;Maximize oxygen transfer efficiency

Energy (electricity, heat) from biogas with high efficiency CHP

Anaerobic digestion for generation of

biogas

Biological treatment

Membrane Aerated Biofilm Reactor (MABR) conceptual process

A gas transfer membrane delivers oxygen to a biofilm attached to the surface of the membrane

Oxygen transfer is 4X more efficient than fine bubble aeration

Air inlet

Air outlet

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ZeeLung enabled MABR value proposition

75% reduction in energy for aeration

20-40% reduction in bioreactor volume

Simplicity doing more with less

ZeeLung reduces the energy for aeration by 75%Aeration efficiency, kg O2/kWhConventional aeration technologies are inefficient and are the largest consumers of energy in a WWTP

ZeeLung aeration efficiency is 4X best available fine bubble aeration, resulting in 4X reduction in energy consumption for process aeration

ZeeLungMABR

Fine Bubble Aeration

0.5 to 1.5

1 to 2

≥ 6

Surface Aeratio

n

ZeeLung saves energyEnergy consumption, kWh/Mgal (kWh/m3)

For a 10 MGD plant with an energy cost of $0.10/kWh, the annual cost savings are $400k, which is 45% of the energy bill

ZeeLung MABR

2,400 (0.63)

1,320 (0.35)

Nitrifying CAS

Aeration

Other

A new energy neutral flow sheet

Optimize shunt of organics to sludge

treatment; minimize organic load to

biological treatment

Reliable N removal using proven nitrification-denitrification;Maximize oxygen transfer efficiency

Energy (electricity, heat) from biogas with high efficiency CHP

Anaerobic digestion for generation of

biogas

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Smart Capacity… 3x digester capacity vs. conventionalRenewable Energy… Increase Biogas by 25%Retrofit… Maximize existing assetsOPEX Savings… Less resultant biosolids

GE Advanced Anaerobic Digestion

Enables plant owners to maximize their digester

assets, and convert WWTP’s into energy

centers

Benefits

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• Produces 5.75MW of renewable electricity (eq. of 10,000 households)

• Covers plant parasitic loads, as well as sending electricity to the grid

• 40,000 tpa of organics diverted from landfills

• Substantially reduce GHG emissions

Technology: GE Advanced Anaerobic Digestion Technology for sludge and food waste

Avonmouth WwTW, Energy Positive Wastewater Treatment with co-located sludge/food waste digestion

Enabling Energy Neutral Wastewater with Existing AssetsChallenge: Conventional Plant has high energy demand and operating costs, need to maximize energy recovery from digestion

Solution: Upgrade with Monsal Advanced AD, increase digester loading to free up volume to accept organic wastes

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5. Minds and Machines

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The real opportunity for change… surpassing

the magnitude of the consumer Internet… is the Industrial Internet, an open, global network that connects people, data, and machines.

The vision is clear

Big data, analytics + integration with machines, facilities and fleets

Computing power and rise of distributed information networks

Machines and factories that power economies of scale and scope

time

Innovati

on Wave 1

Industrial Revolution

Wave 2Internet Revolution

Wave 3Industrial Internet

The Waves of Innovation

Descriptive (What) “Know the current state Capture what is going on”

Prescriptive (What-if) “Drive fully-automated or pre-configured process and system optimization, improve assets and processes ”

Predictive (When) “Know how to avoid the problem by predicting before it occurs”

Diagnostic (Why) “Understand, troubleshoot, know what caused the problem”

Climbing the Analytic Maturity Staircase

W. Edwards Deming

GE Predictivity™ Solutions

GE Aviation – Engine reliability, fuel performance, flight safety solutions, navigation insights.

GE Healthcare – Asset management, patient safety, patient flow, collaboration across networks

GE Oil & Gas – Total equipment reliability, sub-sea inspection system optimization, field production and pipeline insights

GE Manufacturing – Manufacturing process efficiencies, food safety assurance

GE Mining – Concentrator insights and efficiency – maximized mine production

GE Power Distribution – Grid delivery optimization – advanced meter insightsGE Power Generation – Turbine power flexibility and performance, maximizing asset lifetime

GE Rail – Locomotive Uptime, efficient trip management, maintenance and parts management

GE Water & Process – Connected controls for plant operations to increase efficiencies and reliability

GE Wind – Wind turbine performance, total wind farm output maximized

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Features of InSightA GE Predictivity TM Solution

Early Detection & Warning Analytics Asset Optimization Productivity Collaboration Mobility

Goal: Increase UF system recovery by implementing incremental changes to production run time

Annual impact is 1.1 million gallons saved per year

InSight: UF Membrane Optimization

Increased

backpulse

interval from 60

to 70 min

Increased

backpulse

interval from 70

to 80 min

Increased

backpulse

interval from 90 to 100 min

Increased

backpulse

interval from 80

to 90 min

Result: 2% increase in system recovery while maintaining operation performance

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Service Reliability Centers

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Innovating for the Future

Aligning the best people with the most advanced technology, products and services to solve any water or process challenge our

customers may have

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