Sustainability and wise use of natural resources.. Are we compromising

Sustainability and Wise Use of Natural Resources …..Are we compromising?

By Tapas Kumar Ghatak, Geophysicist Domain Expertise in :Urban Environment and

Spatial Mapping

What is the Global ThoughtAbout

Economic growth and sustainability …….. are they mutually exclusive? Striking a balance between uncontrolled with sectorial economic growth and sustainability….. is it possible? …….perhaps we neither recognize nor understand the connection between the Economy and the Earth.…… Perhaps our sense of understanding of such interdependence has been buried by our search for happiness with possessiveness through materialism and economic growth.…….perhaps we would not know what to do if our nations rather we fail to attain higher GDP and our businesses do not make a profit.

So.. are we compromising???• The thought of so called GDP growth without the existence

or not being able to replenish the natural resources has not so far hit our group as yet.

• Is it Because our Voices of sustainability yet to rise toward its peak?

The anxiety is mounting about our process and ability to achieve sustainability, that is, our greed to meet our present needs

while ensuring that future generations will be able to meet their needs.

Concern for the environment which was so far known as Nature has Now matured

• People from government to private enterprise decided to act and take appropriate action.

• Members of the Civic Societies across the world also came forward

• Various group of thinkers in politics, business and science also lined up in the front.

All are univocal about unbounded growth of population, pollution and depletion of natural resources would cause the collapse of physical

growth on earth along with its habitats.

http://www.clubofrome.org/

In the last decade, more voices have joined the choir

• Now the realisation started building between the economy and the sustainability of society and environment.

• These new voices add volume and harmony to the chorus, suggesting that we seek alternatives to economic growth perhaps by measuring well-being in terms other than GDP or profit.

Limitless economic growth counters sustainability

Short terms, the benefits of economic growth are many: 1.The more is the businesses and more the nations grow and profit.2. The more individuals have jobs.3. more resources and better quality of life.

Yet in order to grow, the economy also grips on natural resources and emits waste that pollutes the air and threatens

the delicate climate on which life not only survives but also depends.

Behind the scenes is, the unlimited use of limited natural resources

• Fuel like coal , oil and gas that facilitate economic growth and by technological advances that extract the last dregs of energy from the earth.These counterbalancing forces undermine the foundation upon which economic growth is built and, over the long term, create a huge gap and

as time progresses which will swallow up the economy, environment and society itself.

• The continued emphasis on the economic growth it is being established today is diametrically opposed to sustainability of our planet in particular and its life within, in general.

• There has been a progress in developing alternative energy sources to divert us from carbon-based energy, but it is time to bring an end to limitless growth, to rethink our priorities, to conserve and also to reinvent.

SO WE ARE COMPROMISING WITH SUSTAINIBILTY WHEN WE ARE RACING FOR DEVELOPMENT

An Introspection:

How the Global process effects the Local habitation and growth

A direct Impact analysis:

The Kolkata Context

Kolkata Now and Then THEN:-•One of the biggest cities of the world having functional category of services-cum-industry.•In the process, the town, later city, underwent several stages ranging from a garrison town to a company town• and then to a provincial city and then to the headquarters of the Government of British India.

Intermediate Period• Loss in the administrative hierarchy by the

shift of the territorial headquarters to Delhi.• Impact of Industrilasion which were

developing around Calcutta. This city got a major share of the post – world war I industrialization.

• It also started being known as a center of culture, renaissance, films, literature, scientific surveys and other institutions.

NOW• Calcutta has several unaddressed issues as well.• It has been known for its poverty in spite of the

richest people who live here.• One of the major contributing factors to the growth

of this city is its ever-increasing population.• No definite planning programme could be conceived

during the middle part of the century with the growth rate of the city.

• Settlements were erratic, illegal and emotionally biased. Planners had no option but to allow a natural path for its growth.

Is this Non –Sustainable Development can be termed as

“ Man Made Disaster?” and

Are we really ready for the Such Urban Disaster Management?

• “Although the incidence of major natural disasters has not increased, their effects are becoming more severe in the Third World because of the growing numbers of people and structures located in hazard-prone areas. Millions of people in these expanding urban populations are potential victims of disasters of cataclysmic proportions, and even the political and economic stability of many nations in Africa, Asia and Latin America can be threatened.”

Spencer W Havlick

How Much We actually know about my City

And

How Much we actually Bother to know

1792

1817

1852

Early 20th Century

We were and We are

proud what we had

An Introspection of the use of our Natural

Resources which we had….

And what we have….

Urban Area

Rural Area

Vacant Area

Vegetation

Agricultural Field

Predominat Wetlands (East

Kolkata)

Land Use Pattern Analysis (KMA)Land Use Pattern Analysis (KMA)

Year 2005 (1722 sq.km.)

Urban AreaUrban Area Rural AreaRural Area WetlandsWetlands VegetationVegetation Agricultural FieldAgricultural Field Vacant LandVacant Land

Year 2014 (1900 sq.km.)

Maximum Decline

KalyaniBanshberia

Uluberia

Howrah

Barasat

Barrackpore

Kolkata

Baruipur

Kalya

ni

Barrackpore

Barasat

Kolkata

Maheshtala

Baruipur

Location of BorewellsLocation of BorewellsSouthren Part of KMASouthren Part of KMA

Piezometric Depression: KMC area

7m - 10m

1998

HIGHEST RISK AREA

HIGH RISK AREA

MODERATE RISK AREA

Kmc Ward Wise (depression) Risk Areas

Based on NRSC Data 2006

AND THE OBVIOUS EFFECT

Aqua Info• District/ village wise inventory• Area of water bodies• Bathymetry• Aqua culture• Pisi culture• Wise use• Ownership• Community Use• Pereniality• Some more local informatiom

Aqua India :Part of Hoogly Dist. with No of Water bodies (village wise)

Mouza Name No of water Body

Akna 3Amarpur 36Amdabad 16

Benabharui 26Bhushnara 36Charkona 20

Dharma pur 44Erenga 44

Jagannathbati 17Jarura 79

Kamdeb Pur 118Khanagar 16

Khulihanda 44Kodalia 40

Maheshpur 28Narayanpur 18

Noapara 171Patul 29

Sankar Bati 41Simla 131

Sugandha 50Chandanagar Municipal Corporation 1389

Name of Catchment Basin Area of Catchment new (Sq. Km)

Total Population (As per census 2001)

Howrah Drainage Channel 118 1626615

Rajapur Drainage Channel 68.21 327241

Borajala Drainage Channel 55.8 216646

•Dankuni Drainage Channel 210 1239548

Bagher Khal 92.48 401,952

Nawi Khal 114 2304613

Beliaghata Khal and Bangur Cut 220 4223266

•Kaorapukur Khal Charial Khal and Boat Canal 176 2,046,894

•Tolly's Nala 16 583847

•Panchammgram Cannel 46.13 926281

Details of Drainage Basin of Kolkata Metropolitan Area

LAND FORM MAP OF

KOLKATA METROPOLITAN AREA

Dankuni Drainage channel

Panchannagram Drainage Channel

Tally Nala

Kaorapukur, Charial Khal and Boat Canal

Livee Area ( Sq. Km), Pop X 1000, Pop Density X 1000Back Swamp Area ( Sq. Km), Pop X 1000, Pop Density X 1000

Shrinkage of Drainage basins

Type/Year Habitat Land

Wet land Agriculture Land

1922 30% 17% 53%

2004 70% 10% 12%

Increase in habitat Land more than 100% since 1947

The Cumulative Effect

WE AND

OUR GROWTH

year Population X 1000

1,971 7,078.96

1,981 9,249.91

1,991 11,021.92

2,001 13,205.7

2,011 14,057.99

Population history [1]

KMA Annual population change

[1971-1981] +2.71 %/year [1981-1991] +1.77 %/year [1991-2001] +1.82 %/year [2001-2011] +0.63 %/year

http://population.city/india/kolkata/#%20Sustainability%20and%20Wise%20Use%20of%20Natural%20Resources%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%E2%80%A6..Are%20we%20compromising?

This lists ranks buildings in Kolkata that stand at least (72 metres (236 ft), Only completed buildings and under-construction buildings

(Only topped out are included in few selected ward ( 2012-2015 ?)

INTERFERANCE WITH URBANISAION

Map Showing Solid Waste Generation Data Source KMC

PROCESS OF RELOCATION SHOULD BEGIN FROM HERE

INDUSRIES AND

POLLUTION

TOTA

L N

O. O

F IN

DUST

RIES

IN

THE

WAR

DS O

F KM

C

050

100150200250300350400450

No. Of

Industry

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Ward No.R O G050

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

No. of

Industry

26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50

Ward NoR O G

0

50

100

150

200

250

No. of

Industry

51 53 55 57 59 61 63 65 67 69 71 73 75

Ward No.R O G

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

No. Of

Industry

76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 100

Ward NoR O G

NO

. OF

RED

INDU

STRI

ES

IN T

HE W

ARDS

OF

KMC

Ward wise number of Inflammable Unit Of KMC

Ward Wise Public Open Space In KMC

A SPECIFIC CASE STUDY OF DISASTER IN MY CITY :

RISK IN CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT ZONE OF KMC

KMC

24 WARDS OF KMC UNDER CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT ZONE

KALI KRISHNA TAGORE STREET

A.P.

C.RO

Y RO

AD

A.J.C

.BOS

E RO

AD

A.J.C.BOSE ROAD

H O

O G

H L

Y R

I V

E R

NORTH

BOUNDARY OF CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT ZONE OF KMC AREA

KHID

DERP

ORE R

OAD

PARK STREET

DETECTION OF VULNERABLE WARDS OF

KMC WITH GIS

Looking Deeper By

A Micro level

Risk Analysis

Ward No

Elevation 0pen Space Drainage Ground water

Water logging

Urbanisation

Industry

13 LO Minimum Poor Average L L M14 LO Minimum Poor Average Marginal L H

29 LO Minimum Poor Average L L M30 LO Minimum Poor Average Moderate L M31 LO Average Poor Average L H M32 LO Average Poor Average L M M

33 LO High Poor Average Marginal H VH34 LO Minimum Poor Average Acute H VH35 LO Minimum Poor Average L M M

WARD WISE RISK IN BORROGH 3

Borough No

Ward No Constrains potentials

Criteria Nature Criteria Nature3 33 1. Physiography

2. Slope Direction

3. Water Logging.

4. Decadal Growth.

5. Industry.

6. Sewerage

7. Waste

8. Slums

9. Ground water

10. Units with Inflatable storage

1. Sharp Multidirectional surface slope

2. towards North and west of the ward

3. Marginal , 2-4 hrs about 1 Km

4. 10% ( Marginal)

5. Very High ( 340 , census 2004)

6. 14%(existing) 14% ( Proposed) 0f existing Road

7. Waste( MT)/Area -3000 MT, High Waste(MT)/1000 person/yr- 120 MT Marginally high

8. Pockets: 44, Family 4780 9 High

9. Depletion of Water level prominent, Marginally High

10. No: 50 Fire Risk Very High

1. Canal and water ways

2. Wetlands & Water bodies.

3. Park/open Space (no), and per 1000 person

1. Very Prominent in the South and West.

2. No: 20, area 21% Very High

3. No 12, area 0.27 per 1000 person, Good

Criteria for Wards base Analysis for action plan Identification Boro 3,Ward 33

Data Source: Elevation/Slope-:- World bank, KMDA, IIT KGP, Canal:- World bank, KMC, Industry, : Industry Census; KMDA, WBPCB( JICA Project),Water Logging:- World bank, UNICEF, Open Space/Park :- KMC, Sewerage: KEIP, Solid Waste:- KMC, Slum: KUSP, KMC

Borough No


7 58 1. Physiography

2. Slope Direction

3. Water Logging.

4. Decadal Growth.

5. Industry.

6. Sewerage

7. Waste

8. Slums

9. Ground water


1. Very high surface slope from 0.05m to 6m

2. Surface slope towards Central and North West.

3. EXTREAMLY ACUTE, 12 Hrs to few days in few pockets

4. Low.

5. High ( No 219. Census 2004)

6. 7%(existing) 3% ( Proposed) of existing road

7. Waste( MT)/Area -2400 MT,High Waste(MT)/1000 person/yr- 206 MT very high

8. Pockets: 554, Family 20700 very High

9. Normal.

10. No: 25 Fire Risk Medium




1. Very Prominent in the South and North.

2. No: 101, area 15% Very High

3. No : 7 area 0.0.08 per 1000 person, Low

Criteria for Wards base Analysis for action plan Identification Boro 7, Ward No 58


Borough No


12 108 1. Physiography

2. Slope Direction

3. Water Logging.

4. Decadal Growth.

5. Industry.

6. Sewerage

7. Waste

8. Slums

9. Ground water


1. Very high surface slope from 0.01m to 5m

2. Lowest in the Central part, low in the eastern part

3. Not reported

4. Very High

5. High ( No 140, Census 2004)

6. 0.007%(existing) 7% ( Proposed) of existing road, Very low

7. Waste( MT)/Area -660 MT,average Waste(MT)/1000 person/yr- 96 MT high

8. Pockets: 14, Family 2770

9. Normal.

10. No: 14 Fire Risk low




Criteria for Wards base Analysis for action plan Identification Boro 12, Ward No 108


Constrains and Potential Leads to Negativity Analysis

and is generally followed by

Preparedness and Mitigation

WHY DID IT HAPPEN

WHEN WE ARE

Politically +ve

• Stability• Vision• Willingness• Involvement • Knowledge• Participation

Economically +ve

• Sufficient flow of fund• International fund• National fund• State fund• Private fund• Joint Venture Fund

Literally +ve

• Highly concuss• High literal percentage• Concentration of

Knowledge center • Literal Heritage• International Recognition

DO These leads to…….

URBANDISASTER Or

RISK IF NOT, Then why

are we threatened ?

Minimum Physically Infrastructure • Minimum Increase in roads/ Highway / Bridge/ flyover • Stagnation in drainage: minimum modernization• No Pvt. Participation in holistic way• No legal binding on sewerage connection• No financial obligation of sustainability

Insignificant Social Infrastructure

• Improper Utilization of knowledge center• Improper distribution of health Centre• Prominence of social divide• Disintegration among social groups• No common platform for citizen interaction• Minimum Stake holder’s participation • No Financial Stake

PLANNINNG POLICIES

PLANNINNG POLICIES

What it should be…

What it is Now

=Development

& Sustainabilty

Where is Communities Involvement?

?

COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION

• Identification of Apolitical - Organised Communities e.g Educational Institutes, Housing Societies, Slum Dweller, Local Traders(?), Markets(?).

• Identification of Resources persons from the various Groups.

• Interaction and Awareness Building• Circulation of Easy and simple IEC materials

1. Establishing Institutional mechanism for disaster prevention. 2. Emphasis on information collection and analysis.3. Situation Analysis for early warning system4. Mitigation of the impact of disasters5. Preparedness and response 6. Capacity building and Community resource development

INSTITUTIONAL PARTICIPATION

THEN What Next ? For a Perfect Sustainable Planning: Specially

which effects the community maximum

like Disaster, The Must is…..

PARTICIPATE, PLAN AND

PERFORM

CONCLUSION?????

Frankly I do not know…

If you have, let us Share

My Contact

• Cell No 9830251685• E-mail ID [email protected]

Lets go together in Future