Spatial urban structure matters on equity: A case study in Bogota - Luis Guzman - Universidad de los Andes - Transforming Transportation 2015

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Spatial urban structure

matters on equity: A case

study in Bogota

Luis A. Guzmán, Researcher for the Universidad de los

AndesPresented at Transforming Transportation 2015

Luis A. Guzmán, Ph.DJanuary 2015

¿Spatial urban structure matters on equity?A case study in Bogota

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The Bogota region

Grupo de Sostenibilidad Urbana y Regional

Bogota city and 12 contiguous municipalities:

• 7.35 million people in Bogota city

• 1.22 million of inhabitants in these

municipalities (in 2011)

The city offers the same

opportunities (access to

work) to its citizens

equitably? Let's see…

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The average household (HH) income


Average income by household

[USD/month]:

Low income households < 545

Medium income households 545 - 1,800

High income households ≥1,800

Population by income group:

Low income group = 66%

Medium income group = 28%

High income group = 6%

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Households’ income distribution


66% of HH in the city belong to the low-income category and 82%

of HH in the city earn less than USD 1,050/month.

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The Bogota’s “super-densities”


Bogota is one of the densest

cities in the world and is the

densest in Latin America with

20,531 inh/km2 (Cervero, 2013).

Average population density by

income group [inh/km2]:

Low income ≈ 23,100

Medium income ≈ 12,700

High income ≈ 7,500

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The location of the population in recent years


The population has

concentrated

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Frequency distribution of densities


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Cumulative frequency distribution of densities


In 2010, 90% of people in Bogota live in densities of 25,000

inh/km2 or more, compared to 86% in 2005.

Grupo de Sostenibilidad Urbana y Regional 10

Main activity centers

There is a dominance of a large

central core, along major road

corridors and especially the

north part of city center (the

richest zones).

Just over one-third of the city’s

employment occurs in zones

occupying only 10% of its urban

area.

Central

core

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Territorial balance


The location of people and jobs is balanced?

30% of low income HH

lives far from their jobs

This implies longer

travels to work

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So, the people are where the jobs are?

Population density [inh/km2]

Employment density [jobs/km2]

It seems that not ...


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Spatial distribution of population


The profile density by income group

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Land distribution by income level


The high income group has

an evenly distribution of

urban land than others

The inequality is much higher

if we speak of green land

(parks)

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And the accessibility to work?


is evenly distributed among income groups?

The high-income

group enjoy a

high accessibility

levels, higher

than average, for

most of the

population,

around 90%

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Trips to work by person


The richest people make about 76% more trips to work

than poorest.

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Average travel time (trip to work)


And travel faster…

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Share on income spent on housing and transport


and also spend much less on transport and housing

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Share on income spent on housing and transport


Low

income

group

High income group Medium income group

The location is a key

factor for transport

costs (particularly for

low-income groups).

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How can improve quality of life in our city?

A great mobility system is not sufficient

to achieve sustainable development.


A sustainable long-term urban

development/planning is essential

Income levels

Sustainable

development

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Equality vs. Equity


Given everyone the

same thing: only work

if everyone starts from

the same place. Same

income levels?

Access to same

opportunities: we must

first ensure equity before

we can enjoy equality.

Shared prosperity!

Environment

Spatial urban structure matters on equity: A case study in Bogota - Luis Guzman - Universidad de los Andes - Transforming Transportation 2015