Poultry production and environmental

protection   

By: Hossien Mohammadzadeh

Population

2

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World human population by region (millions)

  2000 2010 2015 2020 2030 2040 2050

Africa 808.3 1,031.1 1,166.2 1,312.1 1,634.4 1,998.8 2,393.2

Americas 841.7 942.7 991.2 1,037.5 1,120.1 1,183.3 1,227.8

Asia 3,717.4 4,165.4 4,384.9 4,581.5 4,886.9 5,080.4 5,164.1

Europe 729.1 740.3 743.1 743.6 736.4 723.9 709.1

Oceania 31.2 36.7 39.4 42.1 47.3 52.2 56.9

WORLD 6,127.7 6,916.2 7,324.8 7,716.7 8,424.9 9,038.7 9,551.0

Source FAO

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Human population - world and by region (millions)

Asia

Africa

Meat supply (g/capita/day and tonnes) for selected countries/regions (FAO 2012a)

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World poultry meat production

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Increasing global demand

Contribution of technology

8

Sustainable animal productio

n

Technology

Sustainable animal productio

n

Sustainable animal production

World GHG Emissions Flow Chart

CO2; 77%

Methane;14%N2O;8

%

Contribution of farm animals induced GHG emissions

7.1 gigatonnes CO2-eq in 2005

44%

29%

27%

Contribution of farm animals in production of CO2-EQ

CH4 Emulsions since 1960 to 2012 زباله های

مزرعه شهری حیواناتای

سنگ زغال استخرج

برنج کشتزیست سوزاندن

تودهگاز تامین

Contribution farm animals in the production of CH4 gas each year

120 kg 60 kg

8 kg1.5 kg

0.12 kg

0.015 kgMethane

emissions per animal per year

Kg CO2-eq per of Kg protein production

Kg Co2-eq per of Kg of consumed food

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Kg Co2-eq per of Kg of edible animal food

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Emission of Green house Gases:

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Agriculture converts inert nitrogen into a range of reactive compounds damaging to the environment

The greenhouse effect of N2O is approx. 300 x that of CO2 and has the largest impact on total global warming after CO2 and methane

What is the Eutrophication (EP) and Acidifcation Potential (AP)?

Eutrophication Potential (EP) is used to assess the results of the over-supply of nutrients that reach water systems. The nutrient enrichment of soils through agriculture can eventually lead to drinking water contamination and soil acidifcation.

The main sources are nitrate (NO3-) and phosphate (PO43-) leaching into water and ammonia (NH3) emissions into air. Both NO3- and NH3 emissions are associated with broiler production.

Acidifcation Potential (AP) is an indicator of potential reduction of soil pH caused by ammonia emissions(NH3) and sulphur dioxide (SO2).

When released into the atmosphere, SOx and NOx can mix with rainwater forming the acids H2SO4 and HNO3.

In poultry production, NH3 is released from poultry house litter as well as when it is spread on felds.

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Poultry health issues

Factors affecting ammonia production

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P and environment population

Feeding Strategies for Reducing P and N Content in Manure

Actual P and N utilization N

Amino acid digestibility in different feedstuffs

N

Amino acid digestibility in different feedstuffs

N

N

طیور جیره در پروتئاز آنزیم از استفاده N

Use of synthetic amino acids and reducing of Cp levels

N

Low P excretion

Phytate

-

پروتئین و اسیدهای آمینه

+ +Ca

O

O

O O

-

H H

Protein

نشاسته

HOCH2

O O

Starch

O

NH3

+

CH2

Protein

Starch

کلسیم ، منیزیم، آهن و روی (کاتیونهای دو و سه ظرفیتی)

+ +Ca

++Zn

H

O

P

O

O OH

-

O

P

O

O OH

-

H

H

H

H

P

O

O

O O

-

H

O

P

O

O OH

-

O

P

O

O O H-

O

P

O

O O

-1 4

32

56

O

+ +Ca

C O

-

Fatty acid

اسیدهای چرب

32

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Content of total phosphorus and phytate-phosphorus in selected plant feedstuff

Total phosphorus and phytate phosphorus concentration and phytase activity infeedstuffs1 (Eeckout and de Pape, 1994)

1 FTU corresponds to the amount of enzyme that liberates 1 mol inorganic orthophosphate per minit from 0.0051 mol/L sodium phytate at pH 5.5 and 37°C

Trace Element Sources have different bioavailability

Poultry Operations, saving energy and

GHG

Poultry Operations

(Dunkley, 2011)

Propane Use:

• Broiler and pullet farms – 68% of emissions

• Breeder farms – 3% of emissions

Reduce heat loss in houses

• Insulated curtains (houses without walls)

• Insulate walls and ceilings

Insulate walls and ceilings

h.kraty@gmail.com از : دکتر حسین محمدزاده کراتی 40

Insulate walls and ceilings

h.kraty@gmail.com از : دکتر حسین محمدزاده کراتی 41

Insulate walls and ceilings

42

h.kraty@gmail.com از : دکتر حسین محمدزاده کراتی 43

Poultry Operations

Electricity Use:

reduce electricity use in houses

• Improve energy efficiency• exhaust fans• lighting• Generators

• Install circulatory fans to reduce temperature stratification

• Use radiant instead of gas heaters for brooding

(Dunkley, 2011)

inlets

radiant circulatory fans

Methane Capture

• Converts methane to carbon dioxide• Source energy on farm

Solar wall to preheat incoming air during cold weather

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Solar wall to preheat incoming air during cold weather

Solar wall to preheat incoming air during cold weather

Solar wall to preheat incoming air during cold weather

Solar wall to preheat incoming air during cold weather

Solar wall to preheat incoming air during cold weather

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Solar hot water systems Idea in poultry farms

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Photovoltaic Solar Panels

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Hot water fin pipe

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Hot water fin pipe

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Ceiling inlets

Hot water fin pipeOr radiant heater

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Proper Inlet Air Flow

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Floor heating systems

Concrete floor with pipes running through it

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