CONTENTS Introduction What is Ozone ? What is ODS? Its sources Montreal Protocol Ozone depleting substances identified by Montreal Protocol. Ozone depleting substances controlled by Montreal Protocol Weakness Progression Is Montreal Protocol really working ? My view

WHAT IS OZONE

OZONE DEPLETING SUBSTANCES

MONTREAL PROTOCOL Montreal protocol on substances that deplete the

ozone layer is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances(ODS) believed to be responsible for ozone depletion

The treaty was opened for signature on september 16,1987, and entered into force on January 1,1989,followed by a first meeting in Helsinki, may 1989. since, then it has undergone seven revisions.

CURRENT STATUS – ratified by all 197 UN members.

OZONE DEPLETING SUBSTANCES IDENTIFIED BY MONTREAL PROTOCOL

Substances Ozone depleting potential

Chlorofluorocarbons CFCs 0.6 – 1.0

Halons 3 - 10

Carbon tetrachloride 1.1

Methyl bromide 0.6

Hydrochloroflourocarbons 0.01 - 0.5

Methyl chloroform 0.1

Air Conditioners Refrigerator

Fire Extinguisher

Aerosol

cans

OZONE DEPLETING SUBSTANCES CONTROLLED BY MONTREAL PROTOCOL

• At first these chemicals included refrigerants such as CFCs and halons, but the list of controlled chemicals under the Montreal Protocol today includes mainly HCFCs, methyl bromide, and other ozone depleting inorganic substances (ODS)

Its Effects

Depletion of Ozone layer have several effects which are as follows:-

Human beings Agriculture Marine life Animals

PROGRESSION

• CFCs targeted in Montreal protocol were initially CFC-11 and CFC-12

• 80% of ODS were phased out were not replaced by flourocarbons, but alternative chemicals

WEAKNESS

• Difficulty in monitoring the detailed implementation progress of individual nations since it covers 197 nations

• Overlap in reporting requirements which parties must submit to the secretariat.

IS MONTREAL PROTOCOL REALLY WORKING

Perhaps the single most successful international agreement to date has been the Montreal protocol – KOFI ANNAN, former secretary general of the United Nations.

The total abundance of ozone depleting gases in the atmosphere has begun to decrease in recent years.

Some individual gases such as halons and HCFCs are still increasing in the atmosphere, but will begin to decrease in the next decades if compliance with the protocol continues.

THE SUCCESS CONTINUES……

• Approximately one half the observed ozone change was in the region of the stratosphere above 11 miles and the rest in the lower stratosphere from 6 to 11 miles.

• In 1980s scientist first noticed the harmful human activities in the atmospheric zone.

Ozone Concentration of Past & Future

Upcoming

What we have to do ?

Awareness program for the people. Educate and promote the environmental

educationAvoid, minimise and ban ODS.Use eco-friendly and non-conventional energy

subordinates and products.

MY VIEW At individual level each & everyone can also

contribute towards reducing ozone layer depletion. Using of public transport, saving of energy, buying & using recycled products can do a lot in combating ozone layer depletion.

Its not only the responsibility of Montreal but our also to protect our earth from Harmful UV-B radiation.

References Sodhi G.S.,Fundamental concepts of environmental

chemistry,2nd edition,chapter19.depletion of stratospheric ozone, page 284-292

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