The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone … · HCFC Phase-Out under the Montreal Protocol At the 20th Meeting of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol on Substances

UNEP DTIE OzonAction Branch Compliance Assistance Programme

The Montreal Protocol on Substances that

Deplete the Ozone Layer:

Policy and Compliance Obligations

ASHRAE Hellenic Chapter, the International Conference on Energy and Environment in Ships : Athens, Greece, May 22-24, 2015:

Ms. Artie Dubrie: UNEP ROAP , Regional Network Coordinator- Pacific Islands Countries (PIC)

UNEP ROAP


Presentation Overview

Phase-out implication in the marine/

shipping and fishing sector

Status

Rules of the Montreal Protocol

Challenges for developing countries on

phasing-out HCFC in the Fishing/Shipping

sector

Selected recommendations for way

forward


HCFC Phase-Out under the Montreal Protocol

At the 20th Meeting of the Parties to the

Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete

the Ozone Layer agreement was reached

to adjust the Montreal Protocol's HCFC

phase out schedule to accelerate the phase-

out of production and consumption of HCFCS.

Purpose that this decision will result in a

significant reduction in ozone depletion and as

well as in global warming.

http://www.unep.fr/ozonaction/topics/hcfc.asp#decision196

http://www.unep.fr/ozonaction/topics/hcfc.asp#decision196


China – Lao Round Table Dialog on Control of ODS Trade Level Year

Baseline 1989 HCFC consumption + 2.8% of 1989

CFC consumption

Freeze 1996

35% reduction (65% of baseline) 2004

75% reduction(25% of baseline) 2010

90% reduction(10% of baseline) 2015

Total phase-out 2020

0.5% of baseline restricted to

servicing of refrigeration & air-

conditioning equipment until 2030

2020 - 2030

The schedule for non-Article 5 (developed) country phase-

out for production and consumption of HCFCs is:


China – Lao Round Table Dialog on Control of ODS Trade Schedule Year

Baseline Average of 2009 and 2010

Freeze 2013



67.5%(reduction (32.5% of baseline) 2025

Total phase-out 2030

2.5 % of baseline averaged over 10

years (2030-2040) allowed, if

necessary, for servicing of refrigeration

& air-conditioning equipment until 2040

2030 - 2040

The schedule for Article 5 (developing) country phase-out for

production and consumption of HCFCs is:


HCFC Montreal Protocol Obligations Supply and demand scenario

Developed Countries 2015: 90%reduction

Developing Countries 2015 10% reduction



ODS requiring attention for the fishing and shipping sectors

HCFC- Refrigeration and Air-conditioning (Major)

Others:

HCFC- contained foams, insulation

Methyl Bromide- plant quarantine and pre-shipment

Fumigation of Cargo hulls

HCFC (R141b) Flushing of tubes, lines

HCFC Fire Extinguishers


Sea transport and fishing vessels

Virtually all of the 35,000 plus merchant ships worldwide larger than 500 gross tonnes (Hochhaus, 1998) have some on-board refrigeration system.

The majority of systems use HCFC-22

Worldwide there are about 1.3 million decked and about 1.0 million undecked, powered fishing vessels.

In 2001, more than 21,500 fishing vessels over 100 gross tonnes were recorded (FAO, 2002), with a slightly decreasing trend.

Vessels of that size are assumed to operate internationally and to be equipped with significant refrigeration equipment

It is assumed that 15% of the fleet have full size refrigeration systems, while the remaining fleet is assumed to be equipped with small refrigeration systems that have a filling mass of approximately 100 kg of refrigerant.

REF: https://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/special-reports/sroc/sroc04.pdf

Note lack of more recently published data

https://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/special-reports/sroc/sroc04.pdf





MAY 2014: MONTREAL PROTOCOL, REPORT OF THE TECHNOLOGY AND ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT PANEL: VOLUME 4

10.1.3 Transport Refrigeration The equipment has to be able to carry

any one of a wide range of cargos with different temperature needs and often even different temperatures simultaneously in different compartments. At the same time acceleration and vibration has to be accommodated.

3.1.3 Transport refrigeration Vessels The majority of the existing

fleet (80%) use HCFC-22,

Refrigerant charges vary from less than 1 kg (refrigerated vans) to more than several kg (trucks, trailers and reefer containers) to 3,000 kg on board large fishing vessels (Schwarz et al., 2011).

Leakage rates are estimated at 20% for trucks/trailers, 30% for vans and up to 40% for fishing vessels (Schwarz et al., 2011).

All intermodal containers use hermetic or semi-hermetic systems, which have an estimated leakage rate below 5%.


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Example of Year of Built/ Refrigeration Technologies for the Fishing vessels


ODS Trade on control All parties to the Montreal Protocol are required to have

an import/export licensing system

Each Party under the Montreal Protocol is required to report annually for:

Import, Export

Recovered and recycled

Production

Destruction

How is this data received from the Fishing and Shipping sectors?


Implication to the Shipping/Fishing sectors

National vessels in national waters

Cross-boundaries operating vessels:

Flag states

Chartered (popular in the Pacific Fisheries sector)

Montreal Protocol-obligation challenges

Internationally mobile – multistate, nationality

Under the rules of the Montreal Protocol- compliance is assessed as State Party this convention and

The Montreal Protocol Multilateral Fund (MLF) supports Developing countries as individual State Party


Montreal Protocol, Enforcement controls

Rules, regulations and reporting requirements:

Owner state, flag-state, port-state, charter-state,

Rules of vessel registration, re-registration

State where repairs of vessels are conducted and type of repairs: servicing, dry-docking, etc.

Supplies of ODS and ODS dependent technologies

To note that some member states have decided to accelerate the HCFC phase-out schedules

Others?


Sources of ODS data and possible gaps for the Refrigerated Marine Sector

Traditional (customs, importers, exporters, distributors etc.)-proven

Licensed Local vessels working only in national waters- and receiving all supplies locally- yes good chance

Flagged vessels working in international waters? No decisions of the MOP

Foreign flagged vessels licensed to work in your waters?

Others legal arrangements that can give access to data for example under MARPOL – log of ship registry on ODS?

No standardized/agreed set of international rules/procedures on the reporting of ODS in marine vessels working in international waters


Implications of HCFC phase-out on the Shipping/Fishing sector- time to act!

With the global phase-out of ODS, marine systems increasingly find it difficult to source HCFCs for servicing

This reduced availability of HCFC can result in illegal trade and/or supply of low quality and possible adulterated HCFCs which have great potential to damage the refrigeration systems and other environment and safety impacts

E.g reported cases of R40 accidents and resulted in deaths

this may also cause disruption in the value chain which depends on the cold chain

other social, economic and environment impacts related to the fishing industry

For example, for the Pacific islands, Fishery is the single largest economic sector. In 2013, the estimated catch was

2.62 million tonnes and valued at 6.3 Billions USD (FFA)


Counterfeit Refrigerants in Shipping Container Refrigeration Units

Refrigeration technicians working on reefer refrigeration units overseas were killed when the units exploded. Investigations have found that the usual refrigerant R134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane) was replaced with a fake refrigerant mixture containing R40 (methyl chloride).

The aluminium components in the refrigeration units might have reacted with the R40, potentially forming trimethyl aluminium.

This hazardous substance emits white smoke and spontaneously burns upon contact with air.

R40 has been found in a number of reefer refrigeration units around the world. It is also possible that R40 may be present in imported refrigerant gas cylinders.


Safety hazards Flammability

Explosion

Suffocation

Toxicity

Acidity

Equipment damage


Coordination between International Agencies, Private sector, experts, National Agencies, Customs, Environment, Fisheries & Maritime Transport, Police, Navy, etc.:

Need for data to determine demands and address obligations Enforcement: Harmonize actions for Port Inspections and reporting

requirements International and Regional Cooperation with other countries

Communicate information, networking Regional Plan of Action raising awareness, advocacy Etc.


Other reason for refrigerant management in the Fishing/shipping sectors Different forms of IUU in marine fisheries


No refrigeration no fishery


Suggestions for way forward Know your vessels refrigeration types,

age, supply sources and demand

Stakeholder consultation on the implications of the Montreal protocol implementation for the shipping, fisheries and aquaculture sectors (fishing, maritime, regional shipping/fishing bodies)

Assess the dependence on HCFCs and the implications on dependence on HCFC and conversion to other non ozone depleting gasses

Have agreed public/private sector mechanisms to address the HCFC supply and demand and recommend suitable alternatives

Address policy, legislation training, capacity needs for both developed and developing countries


A productive, viable marine eco-system depends on our sustained, collective and

share commitment We Thank you

Documents

The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone … · HCFC Phase-Out under the Montreal Protocol At the 20th Meeting of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol on Substances