THEME

U N D E R S TA N D I N G W E AT H E R & C L I M AT E C H A N G E

SUB-THEME

UNDERSTANDING WEATHER AROUND

TEMPERATUREDELHI THEN-DELHI

NOW

TITLE

T E A M M E M B E R S

1.ANAM RAFI(GROUP LEADER)

2.NEHA SINGH3.NANCY

CHOUDHARY4.MUKAL5.JASWANT

G U I D E T E A C H E R

MRS PRIYA JHATGT Science

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT

The Earth's climate has changed throughout its history long before human activity could have played a role. For example, the planet has swung between cold glacial periods or "ice ages", and warm interglacial periods over the last few million years. Changes in the past can be explained by natural factors such as changes in the Earth's orbit, in the sun's intensity, in the amount of explosive volcanic activity, by changes to the surface of the Earth, and farther back in time, to the position of the continents. Of these, only changes in the sun’s intensity and volcanic activity are relevant on century timescales.

Delhi has a hot and humid climate for most of the season. The city climate becomes very hot during the month of June which is followed by monsoon happening somewhere after September. Monsoon in Delhi is quite unpredictable where you can't predict which way they will turn. Delhi monsoon has never been like the one we witness in other parts of India, say for example Mumbai. Winter in Delhi is very chilly which peaks in at the start of November and continues till the month of February. The foggy and chilly weather during winters makes Delhi's climate a tough one to confront with. Delhi is situated on the banks of river Yamuna with Himalayas being in the north of Delhi. This is the main reason behind Delhi's climate being called as the "Continental Climate".

INTRODUCTION

THE SKY IS STILL BLUE. TREES ARE STILL GREEN. WIND STILL BLOWS. CLOUDS ARE STILL WHITE AND FLUFFY. RAIN STILL POURS FROM THE SKY. SNOW FALLS AND IT STILL GETS REALLY COLD SOMETIMES IN SOME PLACES. EARTH IS STILL BEAUTIFUL

.

AFTER OBSERVING AND MAKING LOTS OF MEASUREMENTS STILL THERE IS MUCH WE DO NOT UNDERSTAND ABOUT EARTH'S CLIMATE. THAT IS HARDLY SURPRISING, GIVEN THE COMPLEX INTERPLAY OF PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES THAT DETERMINES WHAT HAPPENS ON OUR PLANET’S SURFACE AND IN ITS ATMOSPHERE

Delhi is the city of 5 season.As well as spring, summer, winter and autumn, Delhi has an additional season - the monsoon, from July to mid-September.The city has its own charm and attractions throughout each season, but you'll need to make sure you pack adequate clothing. For spring, from February to March, take some light woollen clothing; in the heat of summer from April to June you'll need very lightweight cotton clothing, a hat and plenty of sunscreen. During the monsoon, you'll need the same, plus an umbrella - temperatures are still very high. Autumn falls between September and November, when a mix of cotton clothing and light woollens is recommended. If you're visiting Delhi in the winter months of December and January, take a sweater or body warmer to counteract the chill.

AIMS & OBJECTIVES

To study and analyse variable range of temperature and rainfall . To help people understand the scientific research into climate change and the role of citizen scientists in helping professional scientists generate data to track the problem and devise solutions..

HYPOTH

ESISAwareness of variation in temperature in particular area during entire year will help people to track the problem and devise solution due to climate change and raising awareness of the issues surrounding climate change which is creating a new weather around in their area can make a significant difference.

NEED STATEMEN

T

CLIMATE UNKNOWN: HOW SERIOUS THE THREAT TO LIFE IS

The problem for the plants, animals and people living today is that we have adapted to the unusually stable climate of the past few thousand years

METHODOLO

GY:-

OBS E RVAT I ON A

ND FI E

L D ST UD I E

S

SURVEY OBSERVAT

ION

AND DATA ANALYS

IS

AVERAGE HIGH/LOW TEMPERATURE IN DELHI

AVERAGE RAIN FALL IN DELHI

OBSERVATION

The environment is rarely constant and organisms are exposed to temporal and spatial variations that impact their life histories and inter-species interactions. It is important to understand how such variations affect epidemiological dynamics in host–parasite systems. We explored effects of temporal variation in temperature .This work provides, to our knowledge, the first experimental demonstration that epidemiological dynamics are influenced by environmental variation. We also emphasize the need to consider environmental variance, as well as means, when trying to understand, or predict population dynamics or range.

Global Radiation-All the four major cities with population more than ten million, show significant decline in global irradiance of 3.4% (7.8 Wm-2) per decade at Delhi, 4.1% (8.4 Wm-2) per decade at Kolkata, 1.7% (4.1 Wm-2) per decade at Chennai and 2.4% (5.5 Wm-2) per decade at Mumbai.

Delhi is one of the highly polluted major cities of Asia and is also subjected to heavy injection of dust load brought by winds blown dust from the desert in the west. Total suspended particulate matter concentration during the pre-monsoon season goes enormously high and local radiative forcing is significantly affected (Singh et al. 2004). The long-term average of global irradiance at Delhi is 216.2Wm-2 with a standard deviation in the annual mean of 10.2 Wm-2.

DATA ANALYSIS AND

INTERPRET

ATION

The Earth's climate has changed throughout history. Just in the last 650,000 years there have been seven cycles of glacial advance and retreat, with the abrupt end of the last ice age about 7,000 years ago marking the beginning of the modern climate era — and of human civilization. Most of these climate changes are attributed to very small variations in Earth’s orbit that change the amount of solar energy our planet receives.The current warming trend is of particular significance because most of it is very likely human-induced and proceeding at a rate that is unprecedented in the past 1,300 years.Global temperature naturally varies up and down from year to year and decade to decade. Natural climate variability will continue to have an influence on the state of the climate over short time periods, but superimposed on these natural fluctuations is a long term trend towards global warming. In order to detect climate change – a long term trend – above the ‘noise’ of natural climate variability, it is important to look to long term data records. When the record of global average surface temperature over the past 100 years or so is examined, a long term global warming of about 0.8 °C is observed.

CLIMATE

UNKNOWN-

THREA

T TO LI

FE

 CLIMATE

CHANGE

REFER

S TO SHIFT

IN

WEATH

ER

CONDITIONS. 

I T I S

ME A S U R E D B

Y CH A N G E S I N

A V

A R I ET Y O

F

C L I MA T E I N

D I CA T O R S ( E . G

. TE M P E R A T U R E ,

P R E C I PI T

A T I ON , W

I ND ) I N

C L U D I NG B

O T H

C H A N G E S I N A

V E R A G E AN D E

X T R E M E

C O N D I TI O

N S . CL I M

A T E CH A N G E C

A N BE T

H E

R E S U LT OF N

A T U R A L PR O C E S S E S A

N D / OR

H U M A N AC T I V

I TY.

CLIMATE

CHANGE IS A

WARMING TREN

D, NOT

JUST A W

ARMING

CYCLE

. 

G L O B A L T E M P E R A T U R E N A T U R A L L Y V A R I ES

U P A N D D O WN F R O M Y E A R T O Y E A R A N D

D E C A D E T O D E C A D E . N A T U R A L C L I M A T E

V A R I A B I L I TY W

I LL C O N T I N

U E T O H A V E A N

I NF L U E N C E O N T H E S T A T E O F T H E C L I M A T E

O V E R S H O R T T I ME P E R I O D S , B U T

S U P E R I M P O S E D O N T H E S E N A T U R A L

F L U C T U A T I O N S I S A L O N G T E R M T R E N D

T O W A R D S G L O B A L W A R M I NG . I N

O R D E R T O

D E T E C T C L I MA T E C H A N G E – A L O N G T E R M

T R E N D – A B O V E T H E ‘ N O I SE ’ O F N A T U R A L

C L I MA T E V A R I A B I L I T Y , I T I S I M

P O R T A N T T O

L O O K T O L O N G T E R M D A T A R E C O R D S . WH E N

T H E R E C O R D O F G L O B A L A V E R A G E S U R F A C E

T E M P E R A T U R E O V E R T H E P A S T 1 0 0 Y E A R S

O R S O I S E X A M I N E D , A L O N G T E R M G L O B A L

W A R M I N G O F A B O U T 0 . 8 ° C I S O B S E R V E D .

INDIVIDUALS,

ORGANIZATIONS AND TH

E

INTERNATIO

NAL

COMMUNITY CAN M

AKE A

DIFFER

ENCE I

N DEALIN

G

WITH CLIM

ATE C

HANGE

W E MU S T A

C T ME A S U R E S T

O RE D U C E

G R E E N H O U S E GA S E

M I SS I O

N S AR E E

S S E N T I AL

T O SL O W I N

G TH E R

A T E OF C

L I MA T E C

H A N G E .

R A I SI N

G AW A R E N E S S O

F TH E I S

S U E S

S U R R O U N D I NG C

L I MA T E C

H A N G E CA N M

A K E A

S I GN I F

I CA N T D

I FF E R E N C E

 HUMAN ACTIVITY

HAS

NOW BECOME T

HE

MAIN CAUSE OF

RECEN

T CLIM

ATE

CHANGE

RESULT

FR O M T

H E AB O V E D

A T A AN A LY S I S

AN D F

I EL D

S U R V E Y WE H

A V E J OI N

E D TH E C

O M P A N I ON W

H O

A R E AW A K I N

G TH E P

E O P L E AB O U T C

A U S E AN D

E F F E C T S OF C

L I MA T E C

H A N G E S ON W

E A T H E R

A R O U N D H U M A N A

N D SO C I A

L AC T I V

I TI E

S

CONLUSIONTo help people understand the

scientific research into weather around and climate change and the role of citizen scientists in helping professional scientists generate data to track the problem and advice solutions

SOLUTION OF T

HE

PROBLEM

The strong global warming observed since the mid-20th century has been largely attributed to human influences on the climate. Global warming refers to the observed long-term rise in global average surface temperature and is one manifestation of climate change. The rate of global warming over the last half of the 20th century was about twice that for the whole century. This human influence results primarily from the burning of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas. Burning these fuels generates carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas. Land use changes, such as deforestation and conversion of land to agriculture, have also contributed carbon dioxide to the atmosphere.

INFERENCE

CHOICES ARE OUR- FEAR OR

FAIR

ACKNOWLEDGMEN

T

We all are very much Grateful to our Guide teacher Mrs Priya Jha ,who provided us to be the part of this valuable project to inculcate our Scientific Attitude regarding Weather Around Delhi.

We are also very much thankful to the society members who encouraged us to conduct Field Survey and provided sufficient information to find some solution of our taken project.

We sincerely thanks to our school administration who provided us all physical and academic support to conduct this project effortlessly.

How can we forget to say thanks to my friends who encouraged us to conduct this projects inside and outside the school premises.

REFERENCE-S Attri, S.D., 2006, “Climate Change and Agriculture-An

overview”, Vayu Mandal, Attri, S.D., Singh, Sidhartha, Mukhopadhayay, B. and Bhatnagar A. K, 2008, Atlas of

-Hourly Mixing Height and Assimilative Capacity of Air in India’, IMD MetMonograph N0 1/2008 on Environment Meteorology.-

http:// www.imd.gov.in/doc/climate profile

CHOICES ARE OUR- FEAR OR FAIR

THANK YO

U FOR

WATCHING PR

ESENTATION