Innovative Technologies of Bamboo Innovative Technologies of Bamboo

Processing in ChinaProcessing in China

Wang GeWang Ge

International Center for bamboo and Rattan

April.10,2015 Beijing, China

Outline

1. Bamboo Resource and Industry in China

3. Innovative Technologies and the Applications of Bamboo Processing

4. Technology Development for Bamboo Processing

2. Characteristics of Bamboo

1. Bamboo Resource and Industry in China

Bamboo is one of the fastest growing plants in the world ， which

could be used as industrial material in 3-5 years old.

China has rich bamboo resource ， more than 30 genera and 500

species. Bamboo forest area was 3.2 million hectares in 1981, while

6.01 million hectares in 2013. Planting bamboo forest area of six

provinces (Zhejiang, Guangdong, Sichuan, Guangxin, Fujian and

Anhui) accounts for 77%.

1.Bamboo resource and bamboo forest area

2. Bamboo industry and bamboo products

More than one hundred series including ten thousand kinds of bamboo

products ， used in various fields including Bamboo-based engineered

materials, bamboo furniture, bamboo floorings, bamboo pulp and

paper, bamboo shoots, bamboo crafts, etc.

Bamboo industry output value reached 167.1 billion RMB ($28

billion). Import and export trade volume reached $2 billion or above.

2. Characteristics of Bamboo

bamboo ring section

Out layer

Middle layer

Inner layer

bamboo transection

bamboo vascular bundle (SEM)bamboo fiber(SEM)

bamboo culms

1. Anatomic structure of bamboo

Tissues: Parenchyma 50-60%;Fibers 25-35% ; Conducting tissue 5-15% (vessels, sieve tubes)

2. Chemical composition of bamboo

Chemical composition :

Cellulose 45-50 %

Hemicellulose 20-25 % Lignin 20-30%

Extractives 2.5-5%

Ratio of chemical composition among genera and species are slightly different

Wood（ MPa ）

Gui bamboo（ MPa ）

Ci bamboo（ MPa ）

Moso bamboo

Outer layer（ MPa ）

Inner layer （ MPa ）

40-140 245.7 177.9 328 107

The comparisons of tensile strength between bamboo and wood

Index bamboo age Maximum Minimum AVE

Tensile strength

（ MPa ）

four-year-old 2708 1407 1710

Tensile modulus

（ GPa ）

four-year-old 40.8 19.6 27.1

Tensile strength of individual fiber (Moso bamboo)

3. Mechanical properties of bamboo

Typical bamboo products

3. Innovative Technologies and the applications of Bamboo Processing

In China, bamboo is widely used

in manufacturing laminated bamboo

board for structural components,

and also bamboo mat plywood and

bamboo-wood composite utilized as

building sheathings (wall, floor and

roof, etc).

- Bamboo-based structural composites

12m bamboo-based beam

10m bamboo-based truss

Based on the properties and

characteristics of bamboo,

bamboo processing technology

had been made a breakthrough on

structural design, adhesive,

connecting technique

- Engineered bamboo constructions

By utilization of engineered bamboo materials, all kinds of

bamboo-based structural houses have been built in jiangsu, Hunan,

Sichuan, Beijing, Anhui Prov., etc.

Glued laminated bamboo being used as

structural material and bamboo beams

structure being connected in the form of

mortise and tenon joints, the aseismic

performance of the building is improved.

Large-span bamboo

structure public buildings

covers an area of 500

square meters---The

leisure centre in Sichuan

bamboo-wood material for

Doors and stairs

Bamboo-wood composite construction

Bamboo-wood composite materials for beam component

Taking advantage of high strength of bamboo and high volume recovery of planting wood respectively, bamboo-wood laminated composite were made into high performance materials which is used in construction.

- Aseismatic prefabricated bamboo house A total area of 1400 m2 of Aseismatic prefabricated bamboo-based house was built and donated to Sichuan earthquake disaster region in 2008 (20 sets in Du Jiangyan & 50 sets in Wolong Giant Panda Reserve), which made positive contribution for disaster region reconstruction.

Round bamboo structural house (Cost ： 1400RMB/m2 , Market sale price ： 2100RMB/m2 )

- Round bamboo structural house

Round bamboo structural house with solar heating system

Bamboo sliced veneer decorationBamboo sliced veneer decoration

- Bamboo decorative materials

Bamboo scrimber decoration and furniture

Bamboo scimber application in Jiangsu Wuxi Grand TheatreBamboo scimber application in Jiangsu Wuxi Grand Theatre(Stage chair Ceil Wall flooring )(Stage chair Ceil Wall flooring )

Fireproofing grade: Europe fire standard M1 and Chinese fire protection standard B1

Bamboo strip ceil decoration of Madrid Bamboo strip ceil decoration of Madrid International Airport, SpainInternational Airport, Spain

Bamboo sliced veneer interior decoration of German BMW carBamboo sliced veneer interior decoration of German BMW car

- Outdoor application

Outdoor bamboo scrimber decking

Key advanced technologies, which are durability , have made a breakthrough that bamboo composites used in outdoor successfully.

Exterior wall made of bamboo

- Bamboo-based twine pipe for hydraulic transportation purpose

Bamboo slivers or bamboo-bundle fibers are used as basic materials, through

wet twine technology to make high value-added bamboo reinforced pressure

pipe, which is diameter range from 200mm to 2000mm.

Take the place of a portion of glass reinforced pipe, steel tube, plastic

pipe,etc, and reduce energy consumption, pollution and the use of non-

renewable resources. It can meet the demand of forestry, hydraulic

transportation, agricultural irrigation, municipal pipe network, etc.

Take full advantage of high

tensile strength, great

flexibility and toughness of

bamboo.

Bamboo-based twine pipe practical application for hydraulic transportation in agricultural irrigation.

- Bamboo blades for wind power generation

Bamboo blades for wind power

generator were made from bamboo

laminated lumber and bamboo

scrimber. The manufacturing

technology of bamboo-base

reinforced materials have been

developed, which satisfies the basic

requirement of dynamic load

performance for above purpose.

Bamboo blades for wind power generation with a length of 38 meters

In Shandong Hekou, the glass fiber reinforced materials were replaced by bamboo blades for wind-power generators and 1.5MW wind turbine generator system are working in national grid-connected system since 2009.

testing

assembling

working

- Bamboo based casing for electronic products

A large number of equipment casing for

electronic products (e.g. bamboo keyboard,

mouse, loudspeaker casing) were

manufactured by bamboo instead of plastic,

which are environmental friendliness,

sustainable utilization etc.

Bamboo-based keyboard and loudspeaker casing

A single moso bamboo culm = four bamboo keyboards = $133 (A single moso bamboo culm = $2 ~ $3)

- The flattened processing technology of round bamboo culms and its products

Chopping Boards ： The round bamboo culms are directly flattened and made

into a whole chopping block without adhesive on the surface. The products are

customized for the European brand WMF.

A Bamboo Floorings ： The round bamboo culms are also directly flattened

and made into a whole bamboo floorings, and the bamboo recovery reached 80%

above.

- Bamboo fiber for textile purpose

* Natural bamboo fiber preparation and identification

technology for textile purpose :

The pretreating, decomposing, soften molding and

postprocessing technology of natural bamboo fiber has been

developed in recent years.

The bamboo fiber textiles and fabrics have been produced with

the properties of natural bamboo fiber being remained.

Novel natural bamboo fiber identification method have been

developed.

Natural bamboo fiber fabric products

Raw bamboo material Bamboo cellulose pulp

Viscose bamboo f iberViscose bamboo fiber yarn Viscose bamboo fiber products

* The processing technology of viscose bamboo fiber and

fabrics:

Viscose bamboo fiber fabric products

Colorful bamboo vases:

- Processing technology of Bamboo-based high quality artwork

Colorful bamboo weaving paintings:

4. Technology Development for Bamboo

Processing

The manufacturing technologies of bamboo-based durable engineering materials

Outdoor application, engineering use, etc.

High yield and economical utilization of advanced bamboo processing technology

Reconstituting, flattening, etc.

Key technologies for manufacturing of modern bamboo building components

Low carbon consumption, energy saving, environmental-friendly housing. etc.

New technology of functional improvement for bamboo-based products

Waterproof, anticorrosion, mildewproof, etc.

Bamboo is a natural renewable resource.

Compared with petrochemical materials, the

processing of bamboo performs energy saving,

environmental protection and sustainable

development.

LCALCA

Bamboo is a natural renewable resource, and

its processing is environmental-friendly and

sustainable. Bamboo industry has a vast market

potential and a bright prospect.

Thank you ！Wang Ge ProfessorInternational Center for bamboo and RattanThe Bamboo Utilization Committee of China National Bamboo Industry AssociationNo.8 FuTong Eastern Avenue, Wangjing Area,Chaoyang District, Beijing 100102, P.R.China010-84789751 13661285283wangge@icbr.ac.cn