THE GREEN LINECOMPREHENSIVE SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT PLANAguascalientes, Mexico

URBAN SAFETY I – Mundus UrbanoProf. Dr. Peter Gotsch

Presented by: Wilbert Aguilar

Edith De Los Santoshttp://www.lja.mx/2014/07/el-predio-revocado-no-pertenecia-al-complejo-linea-verde/

• Introduction to Aguascalientes, Mexico

• The Green Line

Background and Initiative Goals

Urban region

Project Description

Construction process

Innovations, obstacles and solutions

• Economical Aspects

• Results

• Conclusions

OUTLINE

MEXICO

• 120 million Inhabitants. (45.5 % Poverty)

• Social issues: Crime, Violence, Narcotraffic, Corruption

• Intentional homicide rate: 25 place (World Ranking)

• Corruption: 105 place (World Ranking)

• From 2006 to 2012: More than135,000 deaths, (116,000 linked to narcotraffic)

• From 2007 to 2013: More than 26,000 missing.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Aguascalientes_in_Mexico_(zoom).svg/1280px-Aguascalientes_in_Mexico_(zoom).svg.png

CITY OF AGUASCALIENTEhttp://www.history.com/topics/mexico/aguascalientes

http://www.slideshare.net/r3t4iL/green-line-linear-park

• 1, 213, 445 habitantes

• Area: 2,112 square miles

• Desert climate with rocky soil.

• Name “Hot waters”, was named after the numerous hot springs in the area.

http://www.gib-foundation.org/projects/green-line-an-environmental-linear-park-for-sports-culture-and-recreation/

• The poorest areas in the city. 300 thousand inhabitants.

• Underground oil pipeline. Construction restriction.

• Insecurity. Criminal activity. Violence.

• Urban degradation.

http://www.archdaily.mx/mx/02-340597/parque-ecologico-linea-verde-el-caso-de-reconversion-urbana-de-aguascalientes-en-mexico

THE GREEN LINE

A comprehensive project, the innovation reaches different aspects from planning, urban, social,

environmental, cultural, and leisure among others.

INICIATIVE GOALS

VISSION

To provide a new urban landmark of 15 kilometers long of public infrastructures spaces. This would lead to enhance the communities and the improvement the quality of life of more than 300 thousand inhabitants of the poorest and deprived areas in the city.

OBJECTIVES

- To contribute to the governance and integration of the poorest area in the city.

- To promote the appropriation of the public space for enhancing the social fabric among the residents of this area.

- To achieve a sustainable environment and financially viable project in the long term.

- To enhance the self-community management among residents to guarantee the continuity of the project based on a feasible working agenda in the project.

- To improve the health of people thorough physical activation on proper public spaces.

- To decrease the percent of criminal behavior

http://elclarinete.com.mx/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/linea-verde.jpg

Main Region “Cumbres” and “Ojoscalientes”

90 urban colonies / 300,000 people

PEMEX Company Municipal Planning Institute Aguascalientes

City Council of AguascalientesThe town hall of Aguascalientes

URBAN REGIONS

http://www.guangzhouaward.org/644/content_739.html

file:///C:/Users/Edith%20the%20Cat/Downloads/Caso-Linea-Verde-Version-final-Martin-Torres.pdf

19 Zones

Urban Landmark: 12 Kilometers long / 60 hectares Pipeline space of PEMEX & Waste dumps and rubble

6 Main Components-Green spaces (60He/5.000 trees)-Cultural and educational spaces (arts spaces, library)-Sportive spaces (Cycle routes, 10Pparks, gym)-Recreational spaces (plazas, parks, rest, terrace, auditorium)-Hydraulic infrastructures (4 Water treatment plant, irrigation) -Road Infrastructures

9/12km constructed by 2013

PROJECT DESCRIPTION

The timelines keep correspondence with the use of public annual resources, given the characteristics of the local government budget.

Consists of three stages between 2011-2013:

1st Stage, southern sector (6 km). Estimated a direct impact of 140,000 people. Around 12 neighborhood

2nd Stage, central sector (3 km). Around 7 neighborhood. Estimated a direct impact that reached more than 100 thousand inhabitants.

3rd Stage, northern sector (3 km). Comprises a surface that has not yet urbanized and the four sectors of the Fractionation Villas. Estimated a direct impact that reached more than 60,000 inhabitants. (Unfinished by 2014)

CONSTRUCTION PROCESS

• Infrastructures, facilities

http://www.lja.mx/temas/instituto-de-convivencia-y-desarrollo-linea-verde/

http://www.palestraaguascalientes.com/sera-inaugurado-el-auditorio-de-la-linea-verde/

http://www.agssports.com/2013/12/gran-ambiente-en-el-reto-deporteando.html

http://jlgs.com.mx/articulos/aguascalientes/linea-verde/

file:///C:/Users/Edith%20the%20Cat/Downloads/Caso-Linea-Verde-Version-final-Martin-Torres.pdf

http://www.lja.mx/temas/instituto-de-convivencia-y-desarrollo-linea-verde/

http://www.archdaily.mx/mx/02-340597/parque-ecologico-linea-verde-el-caso-de-reconversion-urbana-de-aguascalientes-en-mexico

file:///C:/Users/Edith%20the%20Cat/Downloads/Caso-Linea-Verde-Version-final-Martin-Torres.pdf

http://crisolplural.com/wp-content/uploads/cache/64118_NpAdvHover.jpg

First time in Mexico that the national oil company (PEMEX) allows any organization to build something on their restricted areas.

Second, it is revolutionary in Mexico in implementing pocket parks in such a long perimeter in a way to provide similar quality to each segment of the project in terms of the facilities provided.

Third, a water pipeline was built along the project that uses treated water from nearby treatment water plants; this way, in a city with tremendous water problems, to maintain such a large area will be a low -cost task as this is distributed by gravity along the project.

Forth, as a comprehensive project, the innovation reaches different aspects from planning, urban, social, environmental, cultural, and leisure among others.

The Linea Verde was inspired from other similar initiatives in South America, particularly in Colombia and Brazil (the Mayors Martinez visited these countries)

Obstacles and Solutions - Water issues (- High budget issues (founding's)

INNOVATION FOR THE INITIATIVE

ECONOMICAL ASPECTS

• Cost of the project: 500 million Mexican Pesos –or more than 38 million US dollars.

• The resources came from The Federal Government throughout their ministries by funding parts of the project; the State Government by donating some plots along the Linea Verde to the Municipal Government. Private: different companies helping to fund small aspects of the project.

• 80 percent of the project cost was covered by Federal Government. Only US$7 million came out of city funds.

• It was created a US$400,000 trust fund to continue running the park and its programs, and to handle future donations.

STAKEHOLDERS

• Municipal Government

• Secretariat of Environment and Natural Resources (SEMARNAT)

• National Commission for Physical Culture and Sport (CONADE)

• Urban Spaces Regeneration Program (PREP)

• HÁBITAT

• National Council for Culture and the Arts (CONACULTA)

• National Water Comission (CONAGUA)

• Secretariat of Communications and Transportation (SCT)

RESULTSThe municipal government (Ayuntamiento de Aguascalientes 2011-2013, 2012) reported that for 2012, some results and lessons learnt derived from the implementation of Line Green are:

• 50% decrease of the rate of criminal behavior in the area of influence (surveillance, the use and appropriation of public space by citizens, traders and institutions public) providing better conditions for urban security: a safe public space is a place of community life.

• More than 300 million of savings in transportation for families

• 25% Increase of goodwill of 12,000 people

• Positive effect of the physical urban improvement intervention of spaces (Lighting, visibility, cleaning, enabling equipment for various uses, including others), with the participation and social interventions of the inhabitants and neighbors (allow this initiative generates responsibility and ownership of public space and thereby enhances social cohesion.

• For the realization of Urban successful intervention, it has been necessary develop a joint action, where there is not only a government will and institutional, but also, have established intervention programs and entertainment social, to achieve adequate levels of participation and commitment of the people with the project and its sustainability.

• Make this country a safer space habitable, it has been necessary, enlist the implementation of diversity workshops, according to the interests and need.

• Successes in terms of the application of resources and program operation. Considered a government priority, in the sense of coordinate the efforts of the various municipal offices towards the same goal.

• The insertion of the “Convive Feliz” into all the media, campaigns, advertising and letterheads resources of the government, local agencies and all that go public physical or virtual path, as by the Internet.

• Recognized at local and international level that it has placed in the focus of certain groups of experts and organizations public who claim to partially replicate the experience.

CONCLUSION

SUCCESFUL: • Capacity of the authorities to obtain funds from different

investors to build the project.• Regeneration of the area. • Social involvement (Activities)

QUESTIONABLE:• Benefits rates come from Government sources (Possible inaccurate

data)• Not sustainable. Water needed for green areas. • High Maintenance cost. • Increase of 25% of value of the houses next to he park >

Gentrification

THANK YOU!

http://www.guangzhouaward.org/644/content_739.html

REFERENCES• Torres, Martins (2013). Estudio de caso: Línea Verde, Proyecto de Prevención Social Integral en

Aguascalientes, México. INCARE Business School, Mexico.

• http://www.uclg.org/sites/default/files/aguascalientes.pdf

• http://www.history.com/topics/mexico/aguascalientes

• http://www.slideshare.net/r3t4iL/green-line-linear-park

• http://www.guangzhouaward.org/644/content_739.html

• http://www.archdaily.mx/mx/02-340597/parque-ecologico-linea-verde-el-caso-de-reconversion-urbana-de-aguascalientes-en-mexico

• http://www.palestraaguascalientes.com/sera-inaugurado-el-auditorio-de-la-linea-verde/

• http://elclarinete.com.mx/en-riesgo-de-secarse-la-vegetacion-de-la-linea-verde/

• http://citiscope.org/gallery/2014/photos-aguascalientes-life-along-la-l%C3%ADnea-verde

• http://citiscope.org/story/2014/mexico-city%E2%80%99s-scar-becomes-its-most-prized-park-la-l%C3%ADnea-verde