Energy Balance Over Crop ,Leaf Area Index and

Biomass Estimation.

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PRESENTED BY-- RUKHSAR-M.SC(AGRI.)-GENETICS AND PLANT

BREEDING-B.A.COLLEGE OF

AGRICULTURE,-ANAND AGRICULTURAL

UNIVESITY-ANAND,GUJARAT.

energy balance over crop

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What is Bioenergy?• Bioenergy is energy contained in living or recently living biological

organisms• Organic material containing bioenergy is known as biomass• Biofuels are renewable transport fuels including:

– Bioethanol – Biodiesel– Biogas– Biobutanol

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Energy Crops• Energy Crops: Plants that are grown

specifically for use as biofuels.• Organic Wastes: byproduct of direct uses of

biomass, eg. agriculture. • Woody crops: trees harvested for biofuel

– Europe, U.S. and Australia• Agricultural crops

– most common are sugar cane and maize for conversion into liquid fuels

– Plants such as sunflowers and soybeans are grown for the oil in their seeds’ conversion to biodiesel

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Liquid Biofuels

• Bioethanol Fuel ethanol is a form of alcohol, fermented

and distilled from a wide range of plant life such as wheat, corn or woody material

• Biodiesel produced by chemically upgrading oils

obtained from the pressing of oil plants,

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Biofuels For Transportation

BiodieselBiodiesel is a domestically produced renewable fuel that can be made from vegetable oils, animal fats or recycled restaurant greases.

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Biodiesel – Crops & Yields

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Oil Content US gal/acre

Liters oil/ha

Kg oil/ha Crop

50% - 55% 151 1413 1188 Castor beans70% 287 2689 2260 Coconut

12% 18 172 145 Corn (maize)

13% - 15% 35 325 273 Cotton

30% - 35% 202 1892 1590 Jatropha

35% 635 5950 5000 Palm oil

36% 113 1059 890 Peanuts

37% 127 1190 1000 Rapeseed

15% 48 446 375 Soybean

32% 102 952 800 Sunflower

Source: www.journeyforever.com – Jan. 2007 – This data is compiled from a wide variety of sources. The yield figures are most useful as comparative estimates, crop yields vary widely.

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Leaf Area Index

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Function

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This variable represents the amount of leaf material in ecosystems and

controls the links between biosphere and atmosphere through various

processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, transpiration and rain

interception. A measurement that is seemingly so simple and fundamental is

really the backbone that provides the framework for further research in areas

like ecology, agronomy, entomology, carbon cycle research and plant

pathology. These and many other disciplines rely on the measurement of leaf

area in much of their work.

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LI-3000C Portable Leaf Area MeterSimple, Fast and AccurateProven TechnologyNon-destructive measurementsLightweightThe LI-3000C combines an easy-to-use readout

console with the proven scanning technology of the LI-3000C sensor head to provide a powerful system for portable, non-destructive leaf area measurements

It utilizes an electronic method of rectangular approximation to provide 1 mm2 resolution. Leaf area, leaf length, average width, and maximum width are logged by the readout console as the scanning head is drawn over a leaf.

Files can be viewed on the display or output to a computer using the LI‑3000C application software.

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LI-3000C Portable Area Meter:Includes carrying case, battery, RS-232 and

USB cables, and application software.LI-3050C Transparent Belt Conveyer Accessory:Use with the LI-3000C, includes two 35TB

transparent belts.

LI-COR Instruments used to study Leaf Area:

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LI-3100C Area Meter-The LI-3100C can be used to measure with large numbers of harvested leaves in a laboratory setting.

LI-3000C Portable Area Meter

•Used to measure leaf area using a non-destructive method in the field.•Used to study leaf area in the laboratory: it can measure harvested leaves when used with the LI-3050C Transparent Belt Conveyor Accessory.

Related: LI-COR's solution for Leaf Area Index:

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LAI-2200C Plant Canopy Analyzer used to

measure leaf area index in grasslands, forests, row crops, isolated trees and hedges.

biomass estimation

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What is Biomass?

• At present electricity production in India is based on coal, gas & hydel power. electricity producedfrom these sources gets distributed around the country through a centralized grid. This grid usually does not reach many remote rural areas.• One way of ensuring supply of electricityto use renewable energy sources use: solar,wind, micro-hydro and biomass.

• Biomass is any organic matter.

• Including trees, plants, plant fiber, and animal wastes.

• Biomass is a renewable energy source

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TARA under the Village Electrification through Sustainable use of Renewable Energy (VE-SuRE) project has attempted to deal with all of the drawbacks.

1. Availability of Biomass – a key challenge for biomass based power plants •The first point to note is that different types ofgasifiers (those using different technologies such as gasification or combustion) require different kinds of biomass.

•The gasification based biomass based power plants utilize hard wood, Ipomea, Lantana while combustion based power plants can utilize all the raw material such as agri-residues, hard wood, Ipomea, Lantana.• •Consequently, the location of gasifiers has to be in line with the kind of biomass available in that location.

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Estimating different types of biomasses

1. Estimation of Agri-crop residue (or agri crop biomass)This estimation is based on the following data: The major crops growing in the area (particularly those crops whoseresidues used in the power plant) The area covered by each crop The grain productivity of each of these cropsThe ratio of grain to straw in these cropsFormula used to estimate agri crop residue productionCrop residue production = Area under a crop (in ha) x Grain productivity (in Kgs

per ha) x Grain to straw ratio2. Estimation of Wood from trees (or Woody biomass)Growing stock (per ha) = Area under plantation or canopy (per ha) x productivity (kgs per hectare) Annual Sustainable Yield = Growing Stock x 0.01

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REFERENCES

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http://www.energy.gov/energysources/bioenergy.htmhttp://www.ksgrains.com/ethanol/useth.html /biomassenergypowerpointpresentationbykishanGMES_biophys_params.ppt..BIOMASSASANALTERNATIVEFUEL.pptTERI 2012, Energy Map for India- Technology Vision 2030Planning Commission 2012, Power and Energy - Power

and Energy Mix in 2007CEOS WGCV: http://wgcv.ceos.org I GTOS standards activity: www.fao.org/gtos/ECV-T11.html

I TEMS: www.fao.org/gtos/temsBigfoot activity: www.fsl.orst.edu/larse/bigfoot/index.html