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What is E-waste?...
•Anything that has a wire, a plug, a
battery or runs on electricity, that you
probably aren’t going to use ever again. (ATTERO, 2014)
E-waste as a Problem...• We need Goodwill
not Landfill. With mounds and heaps of e-waste turning landfills into mountain ranges, junkie jumping might well be a future sport.
The E-waste centre of Agbogbloshie, Ghana, where electronic waste is burnt and disassembled with no
safety or environmental considerations.
• Unsafe and wasteful method.• Practice in developing countries• Lack of health and environmental
standards• Cheaper
–Landfills, open-air burning, incineration
Conventional (Primitive) Techniques
Modern (Clean) Technologies
• Cleaner recycling technologies w/ higher environmental and occupational safety standards
• Cost-effective processing of bulk electronic waste–Sorting, Concentrating,
Refining
TOXIC SUBSTANCES in E-WASTE…
Material Toxicity Arsenic Skin diseases, lung cancer, decreased
nerve conduction velocity Barium Brain swelling, muscle weakness,
damage to heart, liver and spleen. Beryllium Lung cancer (beryllicosis), skin disease BFRs Severe hormonal disorders Cadmium Lung cancer, kidney damage,
pulmonary emphysema and bone diseases.
CFCs Skin cancer, deleterious to ozone layer Chromium(VI) Irritating to eyes, skin and mucous
membranes, DNA damage
TOXIC SUBSTANCES in E-WASTE…
Material Toxicity Dioxins* Impairment of the immune system
(PCDD, PCDF) Lead Vomiting, diarrhea, convulsions, coma,
even death. Mercury Brain and liver damage if ingested or
inhaled. PCB Cause cancer, damage to immune
system, reproductive system, nervous system, endocrine system etc.
PVC* (on combustion) respiratory problems. Selenium Hair loss, nail brittleness, and
neurological abnormalities
Existing Legislations and Policies…
The Basel Convention or The Basel Ban Ammendment of 1995
Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR)
Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) and Reduction of
Hazardous Substances (RoHS)
[ Republic Act No. 9003 ]• Act providing for :
– ecological solid waste management program
– creating the necessary institutional mechanisms and incentives
– declaring certain acts prohibited
– providing penalties, appropriating funds therefor, and for other purposes.
• Locally Generated E-Waste• Foreign Generated E-Waste
–2005: approx. 2.7 Million units of TV, Refrigerators, Air Conditioners, Washing machines and radios are obsolete
E-Waste in Philippine Setting...
A Challenge to Take…
• Philippines become e-waste processors for foreign e-waste
• 2020 – 12.3 M metric tons of e-waste will be produced = 6 Payatas dumpsites; enough to pack the Araneta Coliseum 32 TIMES!
• 2003 – 12, 000 scavengers relied on landfills
E-Waste as an
OPPORTUNITY..
E-waste can be seen as a potent resource waiting for technology to find a way to
convert millions of tonnes into reusable, recycled energy.
Learn, Share & Act• Learn more about the health effects of
e-waste and practical ways to protect health now and into the future.
• Share this information with family, friends and colleagues.
• Take action both to adapt to current health threats and prevent future
changes.
CONCLUSION...• Rapid technology change and low initial
cost have resulted in a fast-growing e-waste problem.
• Legislation, regulatory action and public awareness can Help.
• Adoption of modern recycling technologies can help transform the
problem into a multi-million opportunity.• Philippines is not equipped yet to face
this Challenge
References...
• Pirzada, M.D. and F.N. Pirzada. 2013. E-Waste: An Impending Challenge. Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science & Technology, P.O. Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
• Rode, S. 2012. E-WASTE MANAGEMENT IN MUMBAI METROPOLITAN REGION: CONSTRAINTS AND OPPORTUNITIES. University of Mumbai, Mumbai, India. Theoretical and Empirical Researches in Urban Management Volume 7 Issue 2
References...
• Sthiannopkao S, Wong MH. (2012) Handling e-waste in developed and developing countries: Initiatives, practices, and consequences. Sci Total Environ. China
• ATTERO Electronics Asset Management Company. 2014. What is E-Waste: Electronic Waste Generation, Management, Recycling by Attero. India What%20is%20E%EF%BF%BDWaste%20%20Electronic%20Waste%20%20Generation,%20Management,%20Recycling%20%20Attero%20India.htm
References...• Gutierrez, R. and A. Gabrielle. 2011. The
Vanishing E-Waste of the Philippines. A report of Ban Toxics. June 2011. University of Cebu. Philippines
• SAÑEZ, G.R. 2012 International Workshop on Management of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment. “E-Waste Management Issues in the Philippines”. 2012. Howard Civil Service International House. Taipei, Taiwan. Environmental Management Bureau