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Diversity of Living Things
•Classification
•The Five Kingdoms
•Adaptation
• Methods of grouping things according to similarities and differences (ex. colour, age, size)
• Sorting things into groups helps put order into our lives.
Carolus Linnaeus• 1700's - Carolus Linnaeus -
Swedish Biologist – established a simple system
for classifying and naming organisms
– Based on structural similarities of organism
– Binomial Nomenclature - 2 name naming system - still in use today.
– Created a system of groups called TAXA or TAXON
– Each Taxon is a category into which related organisms are placed
• Approximately 2.5 million kinds of organisms identified
The Science of classifying organisms
Classifying plants or animals can be difficult
Where do we put the frogs?
Where do we put the dogs?
•Protist•Monera (bacteria)•Fungi•Plant•Animal
The Protist KingdomThe Protist Kingdom Single Celled Single Celled
All have a nucleusAll have a nucleus
Absorb, ingest, and/or Absorb, ingest, and/or photosynthesize foodphotosynthesize food
Examples are: Examples are: paramecium, amoebaparamecium, amoeba
Amoeba
ExamplesExamples
Paramecium
The Monera (Bacteria) The Monera (Bacteria) KingdomKingdom
Simplest form of lifeSimplest form of life Do not have a nucleusDo not have a nucleus Absorb foodAbsorb food These are bacteria and These are bacteria and
cyanobacteria which is also cyanobacteria which is also referred to as blue green referred to as blue green algaealgae
Bacteria can be found Bacteria can be found anywhere, it can grow in anywhere, it can grow in hot or cold placeshot or cold places
Bacteria can feed on many Bacteria can feed on many different thingsdifferent things
ExamplesExamples
Staphylococcus aureus means "golden cluster seed" in Latin
E. Coli
Methanogenium frigidum bacteria prefer the cold
The Fungi Kingdom• Rooted to the ground• Are Not green• Cannot make their
own food• Mushrooms, yeasts,
moulds are all forms of fungi
• They breakdown dead animal and plant remains
The Plant Kingdom• Second largest group
of living things on earth
• Can grow almost anywhere there is light and water
• Trap energy from the sun and make their own food
• Examples are ferns, evergreens, roses
The Animal Kingdom• Largest group of living
things on earth• Have many cells• Cannot make their own
food• More than a million
different kinds of species• Able to move• Examples; insects
mammals, amphibians
Some plants and animals have special structures and behaviours called adaptations.These adaptations allow them to live successfully in their environment
3 KINDS OF ADAPTATIONS WE WILL EXAMINE ARE:
1)CAMOUFLAGE2)WARNING
COLOURATION3)MINICRY
Makes organisms difficult to see
Helps plants or animals to hide
Helps animals sneak up on prey
Chameleons can change theirskin so it blends in with its Background. Camouflage helps the chameleon to hide.Can you find the Chameleon?
• Is bright and easy to see
• Is used by organisms that are poisonous, or dangerous
• Is used to warn away animals, to keep them from trying to eat an organism
The Monarch butterfly has a verybitter taste that birds hate. After trying to eat a monarch butterfly, a bird willremember the bitter taste and the bright pattern, and avoid Monarchs in future
• Makes an organism look like another organism
• Is used to trick animalsThe Viceroy butterfly looks like a
Monarch butterfly, but it doesn’ttaste bitter. Birds avoid the Viceroy butterfly, because they think it is the Monarch
REVIEW1) What does it mean to classify items?
2) Who is Carols Linnaeus? And why is he important?
3) What is Taxonomy?
4) What are the 5 Kingdoms? List and explain each one briefly.
5) What is Adaptation?
6) What three kinds of adaptation were discussed? List and explain each one briefly