Climate Change in ASEAN

ASEAN Youth Leaders' Association (AYLA)KL General Assembly 5

ASEAN CLIMATE CHANGEAnthony Tan Kee HuatCETDEM Executive Director – Panelist

Thursday, 12th November 2015Institut Latihan Kehakiman dan Perundangan (ILKAP)

Part 1: Environment, Stewardship & Volition,

Part 2: Sustainable Development

Part 3: ASEAN and Climate Change

Part 4: Vulnerability

Part 5: Way Forward

About CETDEM

PROGRAMME

PART 1Environment, Stewardship

& Volition

ENVIRONMENT

Natural Environment• Flora (plant);• Fauna (animal, insect);• Microbes (bacteria, virus);• Rock, Mineral, Hill, Mountain,

River, Ocean, etc.;• Cloud, Air.

Built Environment• Buildings (house, school, office,

factory);• Infrastructure (road, rail, dam,

drain, electricity pole, airport);• Vehicle and mobile creations of

humans.

ENVIRONMENT

The Environment is affected by Social and Economic activities of Humans.

USE or AB-USE of the Environment is a Governance issue.

Steward / Trustee / Khalifah• To be a good Steward means YOU must be

responsible over other people's property and ensure their well being without cheating, but being respectful in managing and taking orders from others.

• Steward is NOT Owner.• Steward is manager. • Steward must be trustworthy and not misuse

his authority

STEWARDSHIP

VOLITION• Personal Political Will• Values based decision making• Doing what is RIGHT, not what is

POPULAR• Standing up to be counted• Universal Needs above Personal

Needs

VOLITION

PART 2Sustainable Development

Brundtland Commission • Defination of Sustainable

Development from 1987 and most often used;

• Development that “fulfills the current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to fulfill their own needs”.

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT


RIO Earth Summit 1992 established:• Rio Declaration on Environment and Development• Agenda 21• Forest Principles

2 agreements open for signing:• Convention on Bio-Diversity (CBD) – enforced from

29th December 1993• United Nations Framework Convention on Climate

Change (UNFCCC) – enforced from 21st March 1994

Objectives of Framework Convention on Climate Change


To achieve stabilisation of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with climate system to allow ecosystems to adapt naturally, to ensure food production is not threatened and to enable sustainable development

anthropogenic interference = human activities


CONSIDER THESE FACTS

Usage of 1kWh electricity means emission of about 1 kg CO2e at the electricity power station Peninsula Malaysia – 0.70kg/kWhSabah – 0.87kg/kWhSarawak – 0.55kg/kWh

Combustion of 1 liter of diesel / petrol means emission of 2.5 kg CO2e into the atmosphere

PART 3ASEAN and Climate Change

ASEAN ENVIRONMENT YEAR 2015

WHAT IS THE ASEAN STAND?ASEAN Joint Statement on Climate Change 2014• Adopted in Naw Pyi Taw, the Republic of the Union of

Myanmar on 12th Nov. 2014;• 33 point Declaration;• Usage of the phrase “including ASEAN member states” in

points 1 & 5 of the Declaration;• MALAYSIA as Host and Chair of ASEAN 2015 remains as

the ONLY ASEAN member state that has yet to submit to the UNFCCC the country's Intended Nationally Determined Contributions or INDC, which is stated in item 5 of the Declaration

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DOES ASEAN STAND AS ONE?During UNFCCC meetings and negotiations:• ASEAN negotiators are very much country centric.• Negotiations become national instead of regional focused; • It is as if the ASEAN grouping ceases to exist, unlike the EU

which works on country and regional levels.

ASEAN member states are involved in other groupings:• G77 and China• LDC – Least Developed Countries • AOSIS – Association of Small Island States• LMDC – Like Minded Developing Group

DOES ASEAN STAND AS ONE?G77 and China – Group of 77 and China• Established on 15 June 1964 by 77 developing countries• Currently has 134 countries including China• All 10 ASEAN members states are members• BRUNEI DARUSSALAM … CAMBODIA … INDONESIA …

LAO PDR … MALAYSIA … MYANMAR … PHILIPPINES … SINGAPORE … THAILAND … VIET NAM

LDC – Least Developed Countries• 48 countries especially vulnerable to Climate Change• Afghanistan, Angola, … CAMBODIA, Central African

Republic, Chad … LAO PDR, Lesotho … MYANMAR … Yemen, Zambia

DOES ASEAN STAND AS ONE?AOSIS – Association of Small Island States• Island nations at high risk due to sea level rise• Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, … Haiti,

Jamaica, Kitibati, Maldives … SINGAPORE … Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tuvalu, Vanuatu

LMDC – Like Minded Developing Group• Represents more than 50% of world's population• Algeria, Bangladesh, Belarus, Bhutan, China, Cuba, Egypt,

India, INDONESIA, Iran, MALAYSIA, MYANMAR, Nepal, Pakistan, PHILIPPINES, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Syria, VIET NAM and Zimbabwe

WHAT HAS CIVIL SOCIETY DONE?Climate Action Network Southeast Asia (CANSEA)• Indonesia CAN (ICAN)• CAN Thailand (CANT)• Malaysian Climate Change Group (MCCG)• Philippine Network for Climate Change (PNCC) – undergoing

restructuring

PART 4Vulnerability

POTENTIAL IMPACTS

KesihatanHealth

PertanianAgriculture

Sumber air & kehidupan akuatikWater Resources & Aquatic Life

Kawasan pantaiCoastal Areas

PerhutananForests

Kepelbagaian biologiSpecies & Natural Areas

Perubahan IklimClimate Changes

Kenaikan Paras lautSea Level Rise

SuhuTemperature

KerpasanPrecipitation

Source: Anne Grambsch (1998)

VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENTClimate Change Vulnerability

Mapping for Southeast Asia• Arief Anshory Anthony and

Herminia Francisco • January 2009

Climate Change Vulnerability Mapping for Southeast Asia











VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENTEconomics of Climate Change

in Southeast Asia: A Regional Review

• Asian Development Bank• April 2009• Only Indonesia, Philippines,

Singapore, Thailand and Viet Nam participated

Economics of Climate Change in Southeast Asia: A Regional Review

PART 5Way Forward

ASEAN CLIMATE CHANGE PLANASEAN as a single entity• Move away from the notion of 'ASEAN member states' to

ONE ASEAN Community• People Centric ASEAN must become a reality• Work as ASEAN at UNFCCC negotiations• Formation of an ASEAN Climate Change Task Force to

coordinate preparations for Climate Change related extreme weather phenomena, sea level rise, health challenges

• Use skills of Governments, Private Sector and Civil Society to identify Climate Resilient 'Best Practices' that can be duplicated at the very basic level of society – fisher folk, farmers, rural folk, SMEs, multi-national organisations

• Face cross boundry challenges with openness – offer and accept help as necessary

A DECARBONISED ECONOMYEnergy Efficiency• Lowest hanging fruits• Identify and Utilise Energy Efficient Technologies• Reduce Energy Wastage, Reuse & Recycle Waste Energy

Renewable Energy & Energy Efficiency• Solar – PV & Water Heaters• Bio – Mass & Gas• Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion• Wind, Wave• Geothermaland for God's sake, NUCLEAR is NOT a Renewable Resource

LEAP FROG TECHNOLOGYGo Wireless• It is much faster to put up a cellular transmission tower than

to pull cables

Invest in Technology that Creates Less Pollution• Hybrid Technology• Insulation, Inverter

Build settlements with 'Reverse Technology'• Self sustained townships, live near where you work• Un-design buildings to be Climate Change resilent – houses /

buildings on stilts• Use common sense – no mega development on swaps /

paddy fields / coastal areas

Environmental NGO based in SS2 Petaling Jaya.Founded in 1985.

Concerned with Sustainable Development – Climate Change. Issues related to Energy, Transport, Organic Farming, Water.“ALWAYS PROMOTING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT”

“PRACTICAL AND SUSTAINABLE SOLUTIONS”

Engr Gurmit Singh, Chairman and founding Executive Director

Anthony Tan, Executive [email protected]

THANK YOU