Climate Change and its

impacts in ASEAN

ASEAN Secretariat

Outline of

Presentation

• Climate change –overview

• ASEAN: Vulnerabilities and Impacts of Climate Change

• Addressing climate change issues in ASEAN

• ASEAN’S Participation in Global Fora on Climate Change

• Concluding Message

What is climate change?

• Climate is changing, at alarming rate,

• Human Induced caused – GHGs emissions,

• Impacts both cumulative and disaster-nature,

• Very complex in nature - sound science,

empirical, social, economic, political views, and

general public.

Th

e C

lima

te S

yste

m

4

5th AR -IPCC• Climate-related risks for natural and human systems are higher for

global warming of 1.5°C than at present, but lower than at 2°C (high

confidence). These risks depend on the magnitude and rate of warming,

geographic location, levels of development and vulnerability, and on the

choices and implementation of adaptation and mitigation options (high

confidence),

• Climate models project include increases in: mean temperature in most

land and ocean regions (high confidence), hot extremes in most inhabited

regions (high confidence), heavy precipitation in several regions (medium

confidence), and the probability of drought and precipitation deficits in

some regions (medium confidence),

SR1.5 IPCC

SR1.5 IPCC- Tropics • # hot days and nights, heatwaves: increases

(HC) health impacts,

• Livestock heat stress : increased;

• Crop yields: risks; extensive risks (W. Africa, SE

Asia, S. America); substantial reductions,

• Rainforests : reduced biomass; larger reductions;

reduced extent, potential forest dieback (MC)

Source: The Economics of Climate Change in Southeast Asia: Regional Review, 2009

Southeast Asia is one of the world’s most vulnerable regions to climate change impacts such as droughts, floods, typhoons, sea level rise, and heat waves.

• A large proportion of the population and economic activity is concentrated along coastlines;

• The region is heavily reliant on agriculture, fisheries for livelihoods;

• There is a high dependence on natural resources and forestry;

• The level of extreme poverty remains high, low resilient capacities.

ASEAN: Vulnerabilities and Impacts of Climate Change

Key issues and challenges in ASEAN• High population concentration,

• Developing countries needs for further development,

• Energy, forestry, land use, urbanization, agriculture, transport,

and industrial are in high demand.

• Changing of climate, impacts and threats of climate change are

obvious – temperature, precipitations, extreme events

(disaster), and sea level rise. Impacts on

ecosystem/biodiversity, agriculture, water resources, human

health and others.

SR1.5 IPCC - Vulnerabilities

Extreme climate events: expected to be more frequent

and more bigger - storms // droughts // floods

Please enjoy video clips on climate change

• Causes and effects of climate change (2.45min)

• Climate change impact on economy (2min)

• Climate change impact human societies (6min)

• Climate change impact on human health,

(2.4min)

• Climate change impact on biodiversity

Addressing climate change issues in ASEAN

1. UNFCCC, 1992

2. Kyoto Protocol 1997

3. Paris Agreement 2015,

4. Katowice Climate Change Conference

(UNFCCC COP24, Dec 2018) – Paris

rulebook

Global Commitments and ASEAN

AMS

Status of Approval(AA), Acceptance(A), Accession(a), Succession(d)/Ratification

UNFCCCKyoto Protocol

(KP)Doha Amendment

to KPParis Agreement

(PA)

Brunei Darussalam 7 Aug 2007 a 20 Aug 2009 a 14 Nov 2014 A 21-Sep-16

Cambodia 18 Dec 1995 a 22 Aug 2002 a 17 Nov 2015 A 6-Feb-17

Indonesia 23-Aug-94 3-Dec-04 30 Sep 2014 A 31-Oct-16

Lao PDR 4 Jan 1995 a 6 Feb 2003 a - 7-Sep-16

Malaysia 13-Jul-94 4-Sep-02 12 Apr 2017 A 16-Nov-16

Myanmar 25-Nov-94 13 Aug 2003 a 19 Sep 2017 A 19-Sep-17

Philippines 2-Aug-94 20-Nov-03 13 Apr 2016 A 23-Mar-17

Singapore 29-May-97 12 Apr 2006 a 23 Sep 2014 A 21-Sep-16

Thailand 28-Dec-94 28-Aug-02 1 Sep 2015 A 21-Sep-16

Vietnam 16-Nov-94 25-Sep-02 22 Jun 2015 A 3 Nov 2016 AA

AMS commitments for climate change

ASEAN Joint Statement on Climate Change

• The ASEAN Leaders at the regional level have issued Statements related to climatechange at their 2007, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, and 2018 Summits.

• In 2018, the ASEAN Joint Statement on Climate Change was highlighted as part of thenational statement of Singapore by H.E. Masagos Zulkifli, Minister of Environment ofWater Resources of Singapore at the resumed High-Level Segment of UNFCCC COP-24.

• In its national statement, Singapore also highlighted the outcomes of the SpecialASEAN Ministerial Meeting on Climate Action (SAMCA), the launch of the ASEAN SmartCity Network, Singapore’s support to Southeast Asia Disaster Risk Insurance Facility(SEADRIF), and ASEAN’s energy efficiency targets.

ASEAN Cooperation on Climate Change and Progress of Implementation of the AWGCC Action

Plan

United Nations’ 2030 Agenda on

Sustainable Development Goals

Global Commitments

ASCC Community Vision 2025ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community envisions the achievement of a sustainable environment in the face of social changes and economic development.

RELEVANT INTERNATIONAL

FRAMEWORKS AND GLOBAL

DISCOURSES HAVE INFORMED THE

DEVELOPMENT OF THE ASCC

BLUEPRINT

ASCC

Blueprint

The ASCC Blueprint comprises 5 Characteristics, with 18 Key Result Areas and corresponding 109 Strategic Measures

5 CHARACTERISTICS

A. Engages and

benefits the

people

B. Inclusive

C. Sustainable

D. Resilient

E. Dynamic

18KEY RESULT

AREAS

109STRATEGIC

MEASURES

Milestones for ASEAN’s Collective Response to Climate Change

Nov 2007: ASEAN Declaration on UNFCCC

COP13

Dec 2007: Indonesia hosting UNFCCC COP13 in Bali: Bali Road Map and Bali Action Plan

2008:

ASEAN established ASEAN Working Group

on Climate Change (AWGCC)

2009:

AWGCC met for the first time

Onwards:

ASEAN joint statements on climate change COP,

information sharing, climate capacity

building, etc

ASEAN

Climate

Change

Partnership

Conference

C.3 Sustainable Climate

i. Strengthen human and institutional capacity in implementing climate change adaptation and mitigation,especially on vulnerable and marginalised communities.

ii. Facilitate the development of comprehensive and coherent responses to climate change challenges, such asbut not limited to multi-stakeholder and multi-sectoral approaches.

iii. Leverage on private sector and community to have access to new and innovative financing mechanisms toaddress climate change.

iv. Strengthen the capacity of sectoral institutions and local governments in conducting Greenhouse Gas (GHG)inventory, and vulnerability assessments and adaptation needs.

v. Strengthen the effort of government, private sector and community in reducing GHG emission from mainactivities of development.

vi. Mainstream climate change risk management and GHG emission reduction on sectoral planning.

vii. Strengthen global partnerships and support the implementation of relevant international agreements andframeworks, e.g. the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).

Mitigation

Adaptation and

Resilience

Technology Transfer

Climate Finance

Global Partnership

Cross-Sectoral

Coordination

Strategic Priority 5: Climate Change

Ongoing activities

Activity Remark

Training on Climate Change Adaptation: Climate Change Adaptation

National Plan Formulation, Implementation and Framework of

Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E)

4-6 September 2019,

Bangkok, Thailand

Training on Climate Finance: GCF Concept Note Write-shop 10-12 September 2019 in

Bangkok, Thailand,

Initial Workshop on ASEAN Climate Finance Strategy October 2019, Bangkok,

Thailand (tbc)

Strengthening Science and Policy Interface in Climate Change Related

Decision-Making Process

early 2020, Bali, Indonesia

Proposal on Building Knowledge on the Potential of Blockchain

Technology to Enable Linked Carbon Markets

early 2020, Singapore

Proposed Initiatives Proponent

Proposal on Knowledge-Sharing Workshop on Mainstreaming Climate ChangeMitigation in Sectoral Plans Cambodia

Strengthening ASEAN’s Capability for Development and Take Up of Greenhouse GasMitigation Technologies Philippines

Enhancing the ASEAN Member States’ Capacities on Climate Risk Management Philippines

Southeast Asian MRV Hub Singapore

Building Knowledge on the Potential of Blockchain Technology to Enable LinkedCarbon Markets

Singapore

Regional Financial Policy Framework to achieve environmental and sustainability objectives (Climate Fund)

Brunei Darussalam, ASEAN Secretariat, UNFCCC RCC

Enhancing the ASEAN Member States’ Capacities On Climate Risk Management The Philippines

Formulation of ASEAN Roadmap on Climate Change Capacity Building Thailand

Proposal on “To Improve Estimation of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions From Land Use Change in Peatlands”

Singapore

Proposed ASEAN City Leaders on Climate Resilience Initiative. ASEAN Secretariat

ASEAN State of Climate Change Report ASEAN Secretariat

Proposed / Pipeline Activities

ASEAN State of Climate Report

ASEAN Statements / Side Events at

COP 25

AWGCC Initiatives

Development and Implementation of Facility/Company Level Monitoring,

Reporting and Verification (MRV)

Systems for Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions

in ASEAN Member States (AMS)

Ministerial Roundtable on

Climate, Air and Health

Regional Financial Policy Framework to

achieve environmental

and sustainability objectives through

Climate Fund Initiatives

Strengthening Science and

Policy Interface in Climate

Change Related Decision-Making

Process (Indonesia)

Strengthening Climate

Resilience of AMS through

Experience Sharing and

Lesson Learn on Progress of

Climate Change Adaptation Activities

Expected to be implemented in 2019/2020

Activities on Climate Actions

Highlights of Regional Initiatives on Climate Change under Environment Sector

AWGNCB

•Biodiversity and Climate Change Project (BCCP)

•ASEAN-ROK Flagship Project on Restoration of Degraded Forest Ecosystem in the Southeast Asian Tropical Regions

AWGESC

•ASEAN ESC Model Cities Programme

•Clean Air for Smaller Cities Programme

AWGEE

•ASEAN Youth Environment Programme

•ASEAN Plus Three LeadersipProgramme on Sustainable Consumption and Consumption

AWGCME

•Workshop on Climate Change and ASEAN Coastal Areas: Vulnerability, Impacts and Adaptation

ATFP

•ASEAN PeatlandForest Project (APFP)

•ASEAN-EU Sustainable Use of Peatlands and Haze Mitigation (SUPA)

Existing Related Cross-sectoral Coordination Mechanisms and Platforms

Forestry, Agriculture and Fisheries (ASOF & SOM-AMAF)• The German-ASEAN Programme on Response to Climate Change: Agriculture,

Forestry and Related Sectors/GAP-CC: Module on Forestry and Climate Change

(FOR-CC) comprises two main components namely i) Forestry and ii) Climate

Smart Value Chains.

• FOR-CC provides support to ASEAN Working Group on Forest and Climate

Change (AWG-FCC), AWG on Forest Management (AWG-FM) and to the ASEAN

Climate Resilience Network (ASEAN-CRN) through the ASEAN Technical Working

Group on Agriculture Research and Development (ATWGARD) and ASEAN

Working Group on Crops (AWGC).

• The ASEAN Multi-Sectoral Framework for Climate Change: Agriculture and

Forestry towards Food and Nutrition Security and Achievement of Sustainable

Development Goals (SDGs), under the FOR-CC, provides a set of strategic

interventions, consisting of strategic thrusts and actions based on proven and

promising approaches that address climate change-related issues. ASOEN Chair

is often invited to the Meetings of the Ad-hoc Steering Committee on Climate

Change and Food Security. However, ASOEN Chair rarely confirms their

participation at the Meetings. There may be a lack of the sense of ownership from

ASOEN on this initiative.

Energy (SOME)• ASEAN Plan of Action for Energy Cooperation 2016-2025 focuses on seven priority areas: (i)

ASEAN Power Grid, (ii) Trans ASEAN Gas Pipeline, (iii) Coal and Clean Coal Technology, (iv)

Energy Efficiency and Conservation, (v) Renewable Energy, (vi) Regional Energy Policy and

Planning, and (vii) Civilian Nuclear Energy.

• The ASEAN Centre for Energy (ACE) was established in 1999 in Jakarta, Indonesia, an is

guided by a Governing Council composed of Senior Officials on Energy leaders from each

AMS and a representative from the ASEAN Secretariat as an ex-officio member. In 2015,

Three critical roles of ACE are as ASEAN energy think tank, as a catalyst to strengthen

ASEAN energy cooperation and integration, and as ASEAN energy data centre and

knowledge hub.

Transport / Infrastructure (STOM)• Sustainable Transport, with a goal of Formulating a regional policy framework to support

sustainable transport which includes low carbon modes of transport, energy efficiency and

user-friendly transport initiatives, integration of transport and land use planning.

• The on-going ASEAN-Germanproject “Sustainable Mobility for Passengers and Goods in

Metropolitan Regions of ASEAN Member States” (SMMR) aims for metropolitan regions in

AMS to integrate sustainable mobility concepts into their transport policy and planning. the

Project was consulted with and supported by AWGESC.

Disaster Management (ACDM)

One of the priority programmes of the ASEAN Agreement on

Disaster Management and Emergency Response (AADMER)

Work Programme 2016-2025 is Priority Programme 3: ADVANCE

(A Disaster Resilient and Climate Adaptive ASEAN Community).

Among the expected outputs under the Programme is

strengthened institutional capacity and policy frameworks for

effective implementation of disaster risk reduction (DRR) and

climate change adaptation (CCA).

Sendai Framework for DRR

AADMER

• established in 2013, serves as platform for coordination among ASEAN Finance and Central Bank

Deputies Meeting (AFCDM), AIRM, and ASEAN Committee of Disaster Management (ACDM) to

implement the ASEAN DRFI Roadmap, which aims to strengthen the capacities of individual AMS and the

region to effectively manage the impacts of disasters, enhance the financial resilience to disasters, and

promote regional cooperation for a disaster and climate resilience.

• The ASEAN Disaster Risk Financing and Insurance Phase 2 (ADRFI-2) ‘plan of action’ will equip Member

States with risk management and risk transfer capabilities that will enable them to overcome financial

burdens caused by disasters.

• ASEAN Green Bonds - The ASEAN Capital Markets Forum (ACMF): a green asset class in line

with the importance of green finance in supporting sustainable growth in ASEAN, particularly in

meeting ASEAN’s infrastructure needs.

Joint Statement of the 4th ASEAN Finance Ministers' and Central Bank Governors’ Meeting (AFMGM)-

Singapore 06 Apr 2018:

• Ministers reaffirm our commitment to AEC Blueprint 2025, including its strategic objectives of financial

integration, financial stability, and financial inclusion. We welcome the Singapore Chairs' focus on

‘Resilience and Innovation, and the initiatives to sustainable growth, boost resilience and foster

innovation.

• We recognize the importance of strengthening AMS’ resilience against natural disasters. – Launch ASEAN

Disaster Risk Insurance Facility as risk management solution for the region

ASEAN Cross-Sectoral Coordination Committee (ACSCC) on

Disaster Risk Financing and Insurance (DRFI),

Key messages

ASEAN - conclude • Responding to climate change is among high

priorities of ASEAN,

• ASEAN is addressing climate change through the

framework of ASEAN Community building, with

strategies and actions to enhance regional and

international cooperation in supporting mitigation,

adaptation, technology transfer, capacity

building, finance, cross-sectoral coordination

and global partnerships.

• Climate change is complex of causes and effects, by

multi-actors, multiple-scales and sectors,

• No geographic/admin boundary impacts across the

board, [CC> FI scope of works]

• No single solution, no individual or single country/state or

business can stop it. BUT WAIT?

TOGETHER CAN MAKE IT POSSIBLE, THINK GLOBALLY, ACT

LOCALLY AND NATIONALLY!

1. Acknowledge climate change causes and

effects are real and matter us for ACTION.

2. Working together to synergize our

efforts and closer gaps (1)• Provide consistent and coherence policies and guidance

• Clear principles –precautionary, proactive, continue learning and adaptive

management,

• Prioritise its climate change initiatives: adaptation/resilience, technology

transfer, carbon market and climate risk financing.

• Developing climate risk management scenario for ASEAN,

• Develop guidelines for investment and planning for private sector-banking in

relation to climate resilience and risk management,

2. Working together to synergize our efforts

and closer gaps (2)• Participate in Annual ASEAN Climate Change Partnership Conference,

• Develop best practice approaches and clear guidance on adapting to the

impacts and risks of climate across multiple sectors, esp doc of

feedbacks from practitioners.

• Strengthen and expedite implementation of ASEAN DRFI Roadmap and

Programme.

• Participate in Workshop on ASEAN Climate Finance Strategy (demand

and supply),

• Promote and strengthen cooperation between public –private sector,

ASEAN and Banking for climate proof and resilient development:

community of practices, share best practices and capacity building.

For more information on ASEAN cooperation on environment,

please visit the following websites:

ASEAN Cooperation on Environment:

http://environment.asean.org

ASEAN Haze Action Online:

http://haze.asean.org

ASEAN Centre for Biodiversity:

http://aseanbiodiversity.org

For More

Information

ASEAN Environmental Education Inventory Database:

http://aeeid.asean.org

China-ASEAN Environmental Cooperation Centre:

http://chinaaseanenv.org/english/

Environment Division

ASEAN SecretariatSisingamangaraja 70 A Jakarta 12110

6221-7262991

http://environment.asean.org

EnvironmentDivision@asean.org