Christossy lalika dissertation presentation

ARDHI UNIVERSITY

“ STUDY ON COMPARISON OF PERFOMANCE OF MSASANI AND VINGUNGUTI WSPs WITH REFERENCE TO

REHABILITATION OVER TIME”.

CASE STUDY: Msasani and Vingunguti Waste Stabilization Ponds

NAME; LALIKA, CHRISTOSSY

REG # 2691/ T. 2010

SCHOOL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (SEST)

DEPARTMENT; ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

SUPERVISORS;

Dr. S. Mgana

Mr. F. Ligate

ARDHI UNIVERSITY

“ STUDY ON COMPARISON OF PERFOMANCE OF MSASANI AND VINGUNGUTI WSPs WITH REFERENCE TO

REHABILITATION OVER TIME”.

CASE STUDY: Msasani and Vingunguti Waste Stabilization Ponds

my email; [email protected]

Phone No; +255654797526

INTRODUCTION

Background

To meet the goals and main purpose of conserving andhealth there is a need of practicing wastewater treatmentrivers, and lakes or sometimes to bare land.

Waste stabilization pond (WSPs) are large, shallow basinprocess involving both algae and bacteria.

They are used for sewage treatment in temperature andeffective, reliable and easily operated methods for treatingeffective, reliable and easily operated methods for treating

protecting environment together with improving publictreatment before disposing it to water bodies such as ocean,

basin in which raw sewage is treated entirely by natural

and tropical climates, and represent one of the most costtreating domestic and industrial wastewatertreating domestic and industrial wastewater

PROBLEM STATEMENT

Many municipal waste stabilization ponds Many municipal waste stabilization pondsdischarge the effluent to the environmentalDAWASA many WSPs found in Dar es Salaamwith high amount of BOD, COD, TS, TDS,which do not meet the required Tanzaniarehabilitation of WSPs was completed inwas expected to give the effluent whichenvironmental standards. No study recentlyenvironmental standards. No study recentlyunderstand their discharged effluent qualityPond on its flow pattern under the localTherefore this study needs to study ifVingunguti Waste stabilization Pond meetthe recommended effluent standard for protection

ponds (WSPs) found in Dar es Salaamponds (WSPs) found in Dar es Salaamenvironmental after treatment. According to

Salaam was discharging the effluentTDS, nutrients and Feacal coliform

Tanzania standard. Current, the recentin 2008. Hence this rehabilitation it

which do not meet the required Tanzaniarecently has been conducted locally torecently has been conducted locally to

quality of Msasani and Vingungutilocal conditions after rehabilitation.if the rehabilitation of Msasani andmeet the treatment of wastewater to

protection of environment.

STUDY OBJECTIVES

Main Objective

Study on comparison of performance of msasani and Vingunguti WSPs with reference to rehabilitation over time.

Specific Objectives

wastewater characterization of influent and effluent.

identification of wastewater sources.

determination of present variables after treatment with respect to standards

Study on comparison of performance of msasani and Vingunguti WSPs with reference to

wastewater characterization of influent and effluent.

determination of present variables after treatment with respect to standards

CASE STUDY Introduction

waste stabilization ponds in Dar es salaam have been in operation since 1962. these ponds waste stabilization ponds in Dar es salaam have been in operation since 1962. these ponds have been used to treat sewage and the mostly of domestic origin.

Location

waste stabilization ponds in Dar es salaam are located in different areas. the case study are comprises of two different waste stabilization ponds located in different areas or municipal within Dar es salaam city. msasani waste stabilization ponds are located at msasani area in Kinondoni municipal while Vingunguti waste stabilization pond are located at Vingunguti Kinondoni municipal while Vingunguti waste stabilization pond are located at Vingunguti area in ilala municipal.

Climatic condition

Both msasani and Vingunguti experience the same climatic condition to that of salaam which experience tropical climatic conditions, with mean monthly temperature ranges from 230c to 330c

ar es salaam have been in operation since 1962. these ponds ar es salaam have been in operation since 1962. these ponds have been used to treat sewage and the mostly of domestic origin.

ar es salaam are located in different areas. the case study are comprises of two different waste stabilization ponds located in different areas or municipal

ar es salaam city. msasani waste stabilization ponds are located at msasani area in Kinondoni municipal while Vingunguti waste stabilization pond are located at Vingunguti Kinondoni municipal while Vingunguti waste stabilization pond are located at Vingunguti

oth msasani and Vingunguti experience the same climatic condition to that of Dar es salaam which experience tropical climatic conditions, with mean monthly temperature

CASE STUDY CONT…

Wastewater sources

msasani waste stabilization ponds receive wastewaterkijitonyama and regent estate and from industrieskijitonyama and regent estate and from industries

Vingunguti waste stabilization ponds is treatingthe ponds serve the industries along Nyereredomestic wastewater or sewage from pit latrineat dumping stations to anaerobic sludge ponds

Wastewater treatment and discharge

msasani waste stabilization ponds consist of fourpond and three maturation ponds in series. therewastewater and then discharge to facultative pond

Vingunguti waste stabilization ponds consist ofpond and three maturation pond in series. thereanaerobic pond receives domestic wastewaterand after treatment discharges the effluent discharge

wastewater from residential areas of Mikocheni,industries found in Mikocheni.industries found in Mikocheni.

treating the wastewater from domestic and industries.Nyerere road and Tazara housing estate and station.latrine and septic tanks is brought to ponds and emptied

discharge

four ponds in series starting with one facultativethere are also two anaerobic ponds that receive

pond

of four ponds in series starting with one facultativethere are two anaerobic pond in parallel but only one

wastewater from cesspit emptier through dumping stationdischarge to the facultative ponds

CASE STUDY CONT…

Msasani waste stabilization ponds layout plan Vingunguti waste stabilization ponds layout plan

MATERIALS AND METHODS WASTEWATER CHARACTERIZATION

Data Collection Data Collection

Wastewater characterization was made from different points of WSPs. it was targeted on influent and effluent from each pond

Wastewater Sampling

the sample were collected in plastic bottle (500ml) after being cleaned by washing with nonionic detergent and rinsed in tap water. before sampling, the bottle were rinsed three times with sample water before being filled with the samplewith sample water before being filled with the sample

Sampling method (Techniques)

Grab sampling technique was used through the study. this is because of inadequate equipment to accommodate samples from the established sampling points and limitation of collection and transportation of samples

MATERIALS AND METHODSCHARACTERIZATION

astewater characterization was made from different points of WSPs. it was targeted on

the sample were collected in plastic bottle (500ml) after being cleaned by washing with non-ionic detergent and rinsed in tap water. before sampling, the bottle were rinsed three times with sample water before being filled with the samplewith sample water before being filled with the sample

Grab sampling technique was used through the study. this is because of inadequate equipment to accommodate samples from the established sampling points and limitation of

LOCATION OF THE SAMPLING

The location of sampling point for wastewater atThe location of sampling point for wastewater atmsasani waste stabilization ponds have beenestablished at the inlet and outlet of each anaerobic,facultative and maturation ponds

SAMPLING POINT

sampling point at Vingunguti waste sampling point at Vingunguti waste stabilization ponds

CONT.. LOCATION OF THE SAMPLING

influent channels into anaerobic pond at Msasani WSPs

SAMPLING POINT

effluent channels into facultative pond at Vingunguti WSPs

WASTEWATER ANALYSIS

MATERIAL AND METHOD

pH and Temperature –pH meter

Total and Faecal ColiformsMembrane filtrationmeter

Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)-electrometric method

Total Solids (TS)-Gravimetricmethods

Total Suspended Solids (TSS)-Gravimetric method

Membrane filtration

COD

BOD

(TSS)-Gravimetric method

Ammonia Nitrogen (NH3-N)-Nesslerization method

Total and Faecal Coliforms-Membrane filtrationMembrane filtration

COD- Closed Reflux method

BOD5 – BOD truck machine

LABORATORY RESULTS AND DISCUSIONpH Variation in Msasani Waste Stabilization Ponds

8.7

8.8

8.9

8.1

8.2

8.3

8.4

8.5

8.6

8.7

pH

pH

SAMPLING POINTS

pH variation in 2014

7.35

7.4

7.45

7.1

7.15

7.2

7.25

7.3

pH pH

SAMPLING POINTS

pH variation in 2005

pH variation at Msasani WSPs (Source, Wittike, 2005)

COD AND BOD5 VARIATION

700

800

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

CO

NC

-mg/

L

COD

BOD5

0

100

A1E A2I A2E FI FE M1I M1E M2I M2E M3I M3E

SAMPLING POINTS

BOD5 and COD Variation

2000

2500

COD

BOD5

0

500

1000

1500

CO

NC

-mg/

L

BOD5 mg/LCOD mg/L

SAMPLING POINTS

BOD5 and COD variation

COD and BOD5 variation at Msasani WSPs (source; Lusingu, 1994)

COD AND BOD5 VARIATION C

700

800

900

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

( Inlet) ( Outlet)

CO

NC

-mg/

L

Anaerobic Pond Anaerobic pond Facultative pond (Inlet)

Facultative Pond

SAMPLING POINTS

COD and BOD5 variation before rehabilitation

BOD5 and COD variation at Msasani WSPs (source; Kumbuka, 2002)

CONT…

(outlet)

COD (mg/L)

BOD5 (mg/L)

Facultative Pond Maturation pond (inlet)

Maturation pond (outlet)

SAMPLING POINTS

variation before rehabilitation

and COD variation at Msasani WSPs (source; Kumbuka, 2002)

COD AND BOD5 VARIATION C

The performance removal of BODrehabilitation in 2014 is 24.21%, while

Performance removal of BOD5 for final Performance removal of BOD5 for finalin years 1994 and 2005 are 57.60% and

After rehabilitation, average COD72mg/L respectively

Performance decrease for removal of BODincrease of sludge level in the ponds

CONT…

BOD5 for final effluent afterwhile COD is 21.59%

final effluent before rehabilitationfinal effluent before rehabilitationand 14.4% respectively.

and BOD5 are 333.33mg/L and

BOD5 and COD because it might be due to

NUTRIENT (NH3-N) VARIATION AND

40

45

50

10

15

20

25

30

35

CO

NC

-(m

g/L

)

NH3-N

0

5

A1I A1E A2I A2E FI FE M1I M1E M2I M2E M3I M3E

SAMPLING POINTS

Nutrient (NH3-N) Variation

AND REMOVAL

70

80

90

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

CO

NC

-mg

/L

NH3-N (mg/L)

0

SAMPLING POINTS

Nutrient(NH3-N) Variation

variation of Nutrient (NH3-N) for Msasani WSPs (Source; Kumbuka, 2002)


The high value of NH3-N in anaerobic ponds

the industries that tend to dispose wastewater

amount of nutrient.

Removal of NH3-N in final effluent is

rehabilitation

By comparing the average effluent of Msasani

the average of 104.3mg/L, year 2002 whichthe average of 104.3mg/L, year 2002 which

gives 17.27mg/l, there is an improvement

Nutrient even though the effluent do not

6mg/L to 10mg/L

REMOVAL CONT…

ponds in all figures above probably due to

wastewater into municipal sewer with high

is 17.15% in 2014 and 9.5% before

Msasani WSPs in year 1987 which gives

which is 56.63mg/L and year 2014 whichwhich is 56.63mg/L and year 2014 which

improvement of the WSPs on the removing of

meet Tanzania temporally standards of

PATHOGENS VARIATION AND REMOVAL

100

120

Co

un

t/1

00

ml

(x10

6)

0

20

40

60

80

Co

un

t/1

00

ml

(x10

6)

FC

TC

0


SAMPLING POINTS

Pathogen variation

REMOVAL IN MSASANI WSPS

80000000

90000000

10000000

0

10000000

20000000

30000000

40000000

50000000

60000000

70000000

80000000

CO

UN

T/1

00

ML

FC/100ml

( Inlet) (outlet)

Anaerobic Pond

Facultative pond (Inlet)

Facultative Pond

Maturation pond (inlet)

Maturation pond (outlet)

sampling points

Pathogen variationTSS variation at Msasani WSPs (source; Lusingu, 1994)


CONT…

The removal of final FC and TC from Maturation pond 24.32% and 21.59% after rehabilitation.21.59% after rehabilitation.

Average removal of FC and TC are 6.543x1031.89% respectively as shown from figure one, while FC is 6x10count/100ml in figure two

REMOVAL IN MSASANI WSPS

The removal of final FC and TC from Maturation pond 24.32% and

Average removal of FC and TC are 6.543x106 count/100ml and 31.89% respectively as shown from figure one, while FC is 6x106

TOTAL SUSPENDED SOLID VARIATION AND REMOVAL

1000

1200

200

400

600

800

1000

CO

NC

-m

g T

SS

/L

TSS

0


SAMPLING POINTS

Total Suspended Solid variation

REMOVAL AT MSASANI WSPS

1.2

1.4

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

CO

NC

-mg

TS

S/L

TSS mg/L

SAMPLING POINTS

Total Suspended Solid variation

TSS variation at Msasani waste stabilization ponds(source; Lusingu, 1994)

TSS VARIATION AND REMOVAL AT

removal of TSS from first influent anaerobicby 8.29% as shown in figure above, this 8.29down the stream

From figure two above show that the concentrationpond is 1.212mg/L and that leaving the pondenter is 1021mg/L for anaerobic pond one andFinal TSS effluent is 281.67mg/l

TSS in 2014 is high compared to previous year

•Rainfall

•Presence of ways on embankment•Presence of ways on embankment

•Poor security guard around the pond

MSASANI WSPS

anaerobic pond by 19.7% to final maturation pond29% is the amount that removed and enters

concentration of solid that enters within thepond is 0.36mg/l while from figure one TSS that

and 655.67mg/l for second anaerobic ponds.

year because;

CONTINUTION OF RESULTS DISCUSION…

RESULTS DISCUSION FOR VINGUNGUTI WSPs

pH variation

In Vingunguti Waste stabilization ponds

CONTINUTION OF RESULTS DISCUSION…

RESULTS DISCUSION FOR VINGUNGUTI WSPs

In Vingunguti Waste stabilization ponds

PH VARIATION CONT…

8.4

8.6

7.2

7.4

7.6

7.8

8

8.2

pH

pH

7

A1I A1E FI IE FE M1I M1E M2I M2E M3I M3E

SAMPLING POINTS

pH variation

7.2

7.21

7.22

7.14

7.15

7.16

7.17

7.18

7.19

pH

pH

7.13

Cesspit emptier discharge to sludge pond

Influent pipe for raw

wastewater

Effluent from facultative pond

Effluent from maturation

pond

SAMPLING POINTS

pH variationpH variation and removal at Vingunguti WSPs (source; Wittike, 2005)

COD AND BOD5 VARIATION FOR

5000

6000

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

CO

NC

-m

g/L

COD

BOD5

0

1000


SAMPLING POINTS

COD and BOD5 Variation

FOR VINGUNGUTI WSPs

1000

1200

0

200

400

600

800

Cesspit emptier Influent pipe for Effluent from Effluent from

CO

NC

-mg

/L

BOD5

COD


Influent pipe for raw wastewater


Effluent from maturation pond

SAMPLING POINTS

COD and BOD5 variation

COD and BOD5 variation and removal at Vingunguti waste stabilization pond

(source; Wittike, 2005)

COD AND BOD5 VARIATION CONT

COD and BOD5 removal for final effluent are 20.22% and 8.25% respectivelyrespectively

COD concentration in the wastewater is high in the domestic sewage (from truck) comparing to other sampling points because the cesspit emptier carry sludge emptied from pit latrines and septic tank system

CONT…

removal for final effluent are 20.22% and 8.25%

COD concentration in the wastewater is high in the domestic sewage (from truck) comparing to other sampling points because the cesspit emptier carry sludge emptied from pit latrines and septic tank system


500

600

0

100

200

300

400

CO

NC

-(m

g/L

)

NH3-N

0


SMAPLING POINTS

Nutrient (NH3-N) variation

AND REMOVAL IN VINGUNGUTI WSPs

350

400

450

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

Cesspit emptier Influent pipe for Effluent from Effluent from

CO

NC

-mg/

L

NH3-N





SAMPLING POINTS

Nutrient (NH3-N) variation

Nutrient (NH3-N) Variation at Vingunguti WSPs (source; Wittike, 2005)

CONT…

Vingunguti waste stabilization ponds39.29% NH3-N for anaerobic pond,18.55% for the final maturation pond18.55% for the final maturation pond

average removal of 53.2mg/l of NH3-and the final average effluent removal2005.

ponds it give the average removal ofpond, 42.91% for facultative pond and

-N at final effluent for the year 2014removal of 41.83mg/L NH3-N for the year


STABILIZATION PONDS

1600

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

CO

UN

T/1

00m

L(

X10

^6 )

FC

TC

0


SAMPLING POINTS

Pathogen Variation after rehabilitation

REMOVAL IN VINGUNGUTI WASTE

90

100

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Cou

nt/

100m

l(x1

0^6)

Total coliforms

Faecal coliforms

0





SAMPLING POINTS

Pathogen variation

Variation of FC and TC at Vingunguti WSPs beforerehabilitation (Source; Wittike, 2005)

TOTAL SOLIDS VARIATION AND REMOVAL

STABILIZATION PONDS

16000

18000

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

CO

NC

-mg

TS

/L

TS

0

2000


SAMPLING POINTS

Total Solids variation

REMOVAL AT VINGUNGUTI WASTE

6000

7000

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

CO

NC

-mg

TS

/l

TS

0

Cesspit emptier discharge to sludge

pond




SAMPLING POINTS

Total solids VariationTS at Vingunguti WSPs (source; Wittike, 2005)

CONT…

effluent for the year 2014 which gave the averageworse compared for the effluent of year 2005total solid of 3406mg/L as shown in the figures

average of total solids of 5063.33mg/l are more2005 which provided the effluent with average of

figures above

EFFLUENTS DISCHARGE INTO SURFACE

MSASANI AND VINGUNGUTI WSPS

Effluent discharge to water surface from Msasani WSPs

Effluent discharge to water surface from Vingunguti WSPs

PARAMETERS UNITS Effluent Quality Tanzania Bureau

Standards (TBS)

pH - 8.6 6.5-8.5

Temperature OC 25.7 20-35

TDS mg/L 311 300

TSS mg/L 281.67 100

NH3-N mg/l 17.2 6-10

PARAMETERS

pH

Temperature

TDS

TSS

NH3

COD mg/L 333.3 60

BOD5 mg/L 72 30

FC Count/100ml 6.543 x106 1 x 103

TC Count/100ml 31.89 x 106 10 x 103

TS mg/L 692.67

COD

BOD

FC

TC

TS

SURFACE WATER FROM

S

Effluent discharge to water surface from Vingunguti WSPs

PARAMETERS UNITS Effluent Quality Tanzania Bureau

Standards (TBS)

- 8.19 6.5-8.5

Temperature OC 24.9 20-35

TDS mg/L 3251 300

TSS mg/L 1811 100

3-N mg/l 53.2 6-10

COD mg/L 1975 60

BOD5 mg/L 89 30

Count/100ml 707.3 x103 1 x 103

Count/100ml 5.398 x 106 10 x 103

mg/L 5063.33

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

CONCUSION

Performance of the pond in removing the organic parameter like BOD

water surface contains high amounts of contaminants that exceedwater surface contains high amounts of contaminants that exceed

average BOD5 effluent for Msasani WSPs is 72mg/L while for

high compared to Tanzania temporally standard which is 30mg/L

Maintenance of the ponds is not carried out regularly that results

inlet and outlet of the ponds hence leads to less performance of WSPs

Temperature effluents from maturation pond for Msasani WSPs

Msasani WSPs is 8.63 which is high above the range of 6.5-8.5 while

be within the range which is 6.5-8.5

Total and faecal coliforms bacteria in all effluent do not meet the

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

BOD5 and COD are still poor because the effluent that discharge into

exceed the recommended Tanzania temporally standard. For example theexceed the recommended Tanzania temporally standard. For example the

Vingunguti WSPs the average BOD5 effluent is 89mg/L which are

results to accumulation of grits, solid and floating scum in the surface and

WSPs

WSPs were in required range which is 20-30 0C. But pH effluent for

while for Vingunguti WSPs the effluent pH is 8.19 which is found to

standard

CONT… RECOMMENDATION

Sewerage authority should desludgingvolume/depth that will increase the detentionvolume/depth that will increase the detentionwhich will increase ponds performance

At dumping station screen should bematerials from entering the ponds system

The advanced or tertiary treatment e.gthe wastewater effluent from Msasanithe wastewater effluent from Msasani

Wastewater from industrial shouldwaste stabilization ponds

Provision of security around the pondthrow solid material and even to defecate

desludging the pond soon as to increase ponddetention time of wastewater in pondsdetention time of wastewater in ponds

performance

be installed to remove the suspendedsystem

g. wetland should be designed to polishMsasani and Vingunguti WSPsMsasani and Vingunguti WSPs

be pre-treated before discharging to

pond which it can help to hinder people todefecate within the pond.

Environment

Christossy lalika dissertation presentation