s e l e c t i o n O F A Q H S

0 3 . 0 5 AIR Q U A L I T Y

0 3 . 0 5 . 0 1 G e n e r a l

To q u a n t i f y the impac t o f the fu tu re m i n i n g a n d a l l i ed ac t i v i t ies on the a m b i e n t air qua l i t y a n d to r e d u c e the impac t d u e to p r e s e n t ac t i v i t i es , i t was n e c e s s a r y a t f i r s t . to m e a s u r e the ex i s t i ng a m b i e n t air qua l i t y in the s tudy a rea I l ie b a c k g r o u n d n m b i o n l m q u a l i t y ( A A Q ) in r e s p e c t o f s u s p e n d e d p a r t i c u l a t e mat te r ( S P M ) , su lphu r d i ox i de (SO:-?), o x i d e s o f N i t r o g e n ( N O x ) , c a r b o n m o n o x i d e ( C O ) a n d d u s t f a l l h a s b e e n d e t e r m i n e d q u a n t i t a t i v e l y t h r o u g h a p l a n n e d f ie ld m o n i t o r i n g .

0 3 . 0 5 . 0 2 M o n i t o r i n g S t a t i o n s

To d e t e r m i n e the a m b i e n t a i r qua l i t y m o n i t o r i n g s ta t i ons we re set up a t s e v e n loca t ion- ; ( one s t a t i o n a t O M C C O B p lan t w a s s h i f t e d to v i l l age Pa tna in 2 n d s e a s o n ) Out o f the s e v e n l o c a t i o n s o n e s ta t i on was set up in the co re z o n e . T h e de ta i l s p e r t a i n i n g to the i r l o c a t i o n s n r« g i v e n i n T a b l e No. 03 .04 . T h e A A Q s t a t i o n l oca t i ons are s h o w n i n D r a w i n g No M E C / 1 I / S 2 7 4 4 3 / 1 5 .

W h i l e d e c i d i n g the l oca t i ons o f the A A Q m o n i t o r i n g s ta t i ons v i e w s o f the D e p a r t m - ' n ' o f E n v i r o n m e n t ( D O E n ) , M in i s t r y o f E n v i r o n m e n t a n d F o r e s t s , w e r e c o n s i d e r e d

F o l l o w i n g po in t s w e r e a l so c o n s i d e r e d , wh i le f i x ing t t ie n u m b e r a n d l o c a t i o n o l A A Q m o n i t o r i n g s t a t i o n s .

• As a resu l t of m in i ng , a m b i e n t a i r qua l i t y is a f f e c t e d mos t l y d u e to p l y i n g of d u m p e r s a n d a lso d u e t o o the r o p e r a t i o n s l ike d r i l l i ng , b l a s t i n g a n d o v e r b u r d e n d u m p i n g

• A m b i e n t air qua l i t y is e x p e c t e d to be a f f e c t e d in an a r e a in a n d a r o u n d the m i n e s K e e p i n g th is i n v i e w , i t w a s d e c i d e d to m o n i t o r ma in l y the c o r e a n d n e a r b y b u f t e r

z o n e s .

W h i l e f i x i n g the n u m b e r o f A A Q m o n i t o r i n g s ta t i ons , the m o d e l o f U n i t e d S t a t e s E n v i r o n m e n t a l P r o t e c t i o n A g e n c y ( U S E P A , 1975b) was u t i l i s e d The m o d e l !•; p r e s e n t e d i n T a b l e No . 0 3 . 0 5 . T h e m o d e l s u g g e s t s that m i n i m u m n u m b e r o f A A O s t a t i o n s s h o u l d be four . H o w e v e r , as m e n t i o n e d ea r l i e r , m o r e s ta t i ons w e r e set u ;

• A m o d e l s u g g e s t e d by H o u g h l a n d a n d S t e p h e n s . (Re f . " T h e D e s i g n o f Air Q u a l i t . m o n i t o r i n g N e t w o r k , " R E. M u n n , 1981) h a s b e e n u t i l i sed to l ix up the l o c a t i o n o m o n i t o r i n g s t a t i o n s . Th is m o d e l s u g g e s t s se t t i ng up o f m o n i t o r i n g s t a t i o n s a t t h o s lo cat ions w h e r e the p r o b a b i l i t y of o c c u r r e n c e of m a x i m u m g r o u n d l eve l co n c e n t r a t i - >•• ( G L C ) i s h i gh . The p r o b a b i l i t y f ac to r w a s f o u n d by d e t e r m i n i n g the c o v e r a g e l a c k

MiSHI lAL MINES PV T LTD

().i-()(>

(A | k)" for r e s i d e n t i a l l o c a t i o n s a r o u n d t h e m i n e s w h i c h a re l i ab lo to bo n l f o c t o d t>y th« po l l u tan ts . C o v e r a g e f a c t o r s "A ' fo r a l l t he p o t e n t i a l l o c a t i o n s w e r e c a l c u l a t e d by th« following f o r m u l a :

F R E Q ( k ) = ( 1 + ^ )

W h e r e

C o v e r a g e f a c t o r o f the m o n i t o r i n g s i te i n the k,h d o w n w i n d s e c t o r f r o m s o u r c e .

F R E Q ( k ) = F r e q u e n c y o f w i n d d i r e c t i o n in the k th s e c t o r

D. = D i s t a n c e f r o m the s i te to the s o u r c e .

S E L E C T E D A A Q MONITORING STAT IONS

Table. 03.04

SL. No.

Name of stat ion D is tance/D i rec t ion ( f rom quarry)

' C o v e r a g e Fac to r A = F R E Q ( k ) / d ' + D,)

S ta t i on s ta tus .

1. Roof of Saruabi l Mine Office (A,)

1 50 m f rom nearest sou rce /NE

7 21 C o r e zone

2. Kaliapani Central Townsh ip Roof of Qr. No. 0 - 1 4 (A2)

4.25 Km/W 1 58 Bu f fe r zone (Met stn )

3. COB Plant of OMC. roof top of COB plant weigh bridge. (A , , ) (24 samples in 1 st season & 9 samples in 2nd season)

2 . 2 5 K m / W S W 2.55 Bu f fe r zone

4. Village Patna,erected plat form near schoo l (A 3 J ) (15 samples in 2nd season and 24 samples each in 3rd & 4th seasons ) .

5.5 Km/WNW 1.07 Buf fer zone (cont ro l stn )

5. Kamarda Resident ia l township (AJ

0 .75Km/ENE 5.14 Bu f fe r zone

6. Sukurangi Camp (A5) 1.0 Km/SW 4.15 Bu f fe r zone

7. Village Kansa, roof top of forest guard 's quarter. (A ()

3 .75Km/ENE 1.89 Bu f fe r zone

As per H o u g h l a n d a n d S t e p h e n m o d e l for f ix ing the loca t ion of Air qua l i t y m o m t o n m s s ta t ions (Ref : The d e s i g n o f air qua l i t y mon i t o r i ng ne two rk ; R . E . M u n n , 1981)

Basic -.vmdrose at S u k u r a n g i v i l l age was used for ca l cu la t i on of c o v e r a g e fac to r Win-ir-_-of Suku rang i v i l l age w a s s u p p l i e d by D i reco ra te of M in i ng a n d G e o l o g y : Gov t of O r i s - ; •)

MISF1ILAL MINES PVT. LTD

03-07

T a b l e 03.05

R E G U L A T O R Y M I N I M U M N U M B E R O F M O N I T O R I N G SITES ( E P A , 1 9 7 5 b )

C lass i f i ca -t ion of reg ion

Pol lu tant Reg ion popu la t i on M i n i m u m n u m b e r of air qua l i ty mon i t o r i ng s i tes

I S u s p e n d e d par t i cu la tes h i -vo l

Less than 100000 1 0 0 0 0 0 - 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 5 0 0 0 0 0 0

4 4 + 0 6 per 100000 popu la t ion 7 .5+0 .25 per 100000 popu la t ion

Tape sample r A b o v e 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 * 0 . 1 6 per I 0 0 0 0 0 popu la t i on One per 2 5 0 0 0 0 popu la t i on upto e ight s i tes

Su lphur d iox ide bubb le r

Con t i nuous

Less than 100000 1 0 0 0 0 0 - 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 Above 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 Less than 100000 1 0 0 0 0 0 - 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 Above 5 0 0 0 0 0 0

3 2.5 + 0.5 per 100000 p o p u l a t i o n 6+0 .15 per 100000 popu la t i on 6+0 .05 per 100000 p o p u l a t i o n 1 1+0.15 per 100000 popu la t i on 6 t-0.05 per 100000 p o p u l a t i o n

Ca rbon monox ide

Less than 100000 1 0 0 0 0 0 - 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 Above 5 0 0 0 0 0 0

1 1+0.15 per 100000 popu la t i on 6+0 05 per 100000 popu la t i on

P h o t o c h e m i c a l ox idan ts

Lass than 100000 1 0 0 0 0 0 - 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 Above 5 0 0 0 0 0 0

1 1+0.15 per 100000 popu la t i on 6+0 .05 per 100000 popu la t i on

N i t rogen d iox ide con t inuous bubb ler

Less than 100000 1 0 0 0 0 0 - 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Above 5 0 0 0 0 0 0

3 4 + 0.6 per 100000 popu la t i on 10

I I S u s p e n d e d par t i cu la tes

3 h i -vo ls 1 tape samp lo r

Su lphur d iox ide

3 bubb le r 1 c o n t i n u o u s

III S u s p e n d e d par t i cu la tes Sulphur d iox ide Ni t rogen d iox ide

1 h i -vo l

1 bubb le r 2 bubb le r s

— MISRILAL MINES PVT. LTD

03-08

V .

For e a c h s t a t i o n ' A w a s c a l c u l n l o d . T h o s t n l i o n s w h i c h q n v n h i g l m r ' A ( ' v a l u n s w.>m' t a k e n as m o n i t o r i n g s t a t i o n s . The a v e r a g e w i n d r o s o d i a g r a m a t S u k u r a n g i , a t a d i s t a n c e o f a b o u t 1.0 k m , f r om the m i n e s in SW d i r e c t i o n w a s u s e d for c a l c u l a t i o n o l F R E Q ( k ) . T h e b a s i c w i n d rose d i a g r a m (at S u k u r a n g i v i l l age ) w a s p r o v i d e d b y tho D i r e c t o r a t e of M i n i n g a n d G e o l o g y , Gov t , o f O r i s s a C o v e r a g e fac to r A ' for the

- - s t a t i o n s h a v e b e e n g i v e n in T a b l e No . 03 .04 . Ou t o f t he p o t e n t i a l m o n i t o r i n g s t a t i o n s b u f f e r z o n e l o c a t i o n s h a v i n g c o m p a r a t i v e l y h i g h e r co v e r a go fac to r (1 58 to / ? t ) s e l e c t e d as m o n i t o r i n g s ta t i ons . The c o n t r o l s ta t i on w a s set up in v i l l age P a t n a (A ) at a l ong d i s t a n c o (5 .5 k m ) f rom p ro jec t in a d i r o o t i o n w h o m w i n d Ir«»i)«ii»nr-.if>nn- I " . A l s o , in the S u m m e r s e a s o n w h e n the w i n d s p e e d is h i g h in th is r e g i o n this s ta t i on (A ) c o u l d g i ve an i dea w e a t h e r the p o l l u t a n t s are d i s p e r s e d t o s u c h l o n g d i s t a n c e s . D u e t o p r e s e n c e o f t w o s t a t i o n s in W - S W - W S W s e c t o r a t v a r i o u s d i s t a n c e s (A s a t 1.0 km a n d A? a t 4 .25 k m ) the t h i r d s ta t i on A3 t w a s s h i f t e d to v i l l a g e P a t n a (A3 2 ) in the s e c o n d s e a s o n t o s e r v e a s c o n t r o l s ta t i on .

• D u e to the h i l l s on the N o r t h e r n a n d S o u t h e r n par t o f the l e a s e a r e a w i n d f r e q u e n c i e s f r o m / t o w a r d s t h e s e d i r e c t i o n s are less a n d a l so t h e r e i s no h u m a n h a b i t a t i o n over t h e s e r e g i o n s . K e e p i n g th is i n v i e w , no A A Q m o n i t o r i n g s t a t i o n w a s set up on N o r t h e r n a n d S o u t h e r n h i l l y t e r r a i n .

0 3 . 0 5 . 0 3

M o n i t o r i n g s c h e d u l e

As m e n t i o n e d e a r l i e r i n C h a p t e r 01 m o n i t o r i n g w a s c a r r i e d out i n W i n t e r ( 2 1 0 1 . 9 0 to 3 0 . 0 3 . 9 0 ) , S u m m e r ( 1 0 . 5 . 9 0 t o 1 0 . 0 7 . 9 0 ) , M o n s o o n ( 2 3 . 0 7 . 9 0 t o 2 2 . 0 9 90) a n d Post m o n s o o n ( 2 4 . 1 0 . 9 0 t o 2 2 . 1 2 . 9 0 ) s e a s o n s . I n e a c h s e a s o n a t e a c h s t a t i o n m o n i t o r i n g w a s p l a n n e d to be d o n e fo r o n e m o n t h (4 w e e k s ) , tw i ce a w e e k , tor 24 h o u r s . 3 e igh t h o u r l y s a m p l e s w e r e t a k e n . B e t w e e n two m o n i t o r i n g m o n t h s a g a p o f - 1 - 2 m o n t h s w a s p l a n n e d E n v i r o n m e n t a l M o n i t o r i n g d a t a o f 1994 is e n c l o s e d as a d d e n d u m r e p o r t in v o l u m e - l l o f th is r epo r t .

0 3 . 0 5 . 0 4

S a m p l i n g a n d A n a l y s i s p r o c e d u r e

A A Q m o n i t o r i n g w a s d o n e us ing h i g h v o l u m e air s a m p l e r s . S P M w a s c o l l e c t e d o n g l a s s m i c r o f ib re f i l ter p a p e r s . G a s e o u s p o l l u t a n t s ( S O j . N O J w e r e c o l l e c t e d b y i rnp inger b u b b l i n g m e t h o d a n d a n a l y s e d c o l o r i m e t r i c a l l y a s per s t a n d a r d m e t h o d s . C O w a s m o n i t o r e d u s i n g MSA d e t e c t o r t u b e s .

0 3 . 0 5 . 0 5 R e s u l t s a n d D i s c u s s i o n s

F r o m the m o n i t o r e d da ta the s u m m a r i s e d A A Q resu l t s for the s e v e n l o c a t i o n s are p r e s e n t e d a n d g i ven i n T a b l e N o . 03 .06 . G r a p h i c a l p r e s e n t a t i o n o f the S P M v a l u e s ( M a * . Min . a n d Avg ) h a v e b e e n s h o w n i n F i g . 0 3 . 0 5 .

C o m p a r i s o n o f the c o n c e n t r a t i o n v a l u e s o l SPM. SO . N O a n d CO w i th the ind ' i s t r i i l a n d ~ t e d use s t a n d a r d s la id d o w n by C e n t r a l Po l l u t i on C o n t r o l R. , u d ( C I ' C B i .!•,.>.•. . >h.it a ' a l l ' h e s ta t i ons , in al l the s e a s o n s (1 0 0 % t imes) the SPM. SO. . N ( . \ a n d CO i . mom m m - n . a ues are we l l w i t h i n the p r e s c r i b e d u p p e r l imi ts la id d o w n by C P O B

V — MISHILAL MINES PV f L I U -

03-09