o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQx`vy - Department of Home Affairs · psEps a#wQ aqhs i@gnWm mgQn~ o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQ@ykOvWm ynE@vn~ kOmk~ aqhs~@v|q yn~nw~ pErv#sQx`vy smM a#wQvn vgkWm|

www.citizenship.gov.au

@mw#n~ ptn~ iqQrQyt,

m` o|s~@tY|lQy`vt sh ehQ jnw`vt p]p`wW vn bvtw~,

ovEn~@g~ pYj`wn~wYv`qW vQX~v`syn~ m` @bq`hq` gn~n` bvtw~,

ovEn~@g~ ayQwWn~ sh nQqhst m` gr# krn bvtw~, e@s~m

ovEn~@g~ nWwWn~ m` pQLQgn~n` sh gr# krn bvtw~, @qvQyn~ vhn~@s~ iqQrQ@y~ pYwQZ` @qmQ.

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQx`vy

ap@g~ @p`qE b#[Wm

o|s~@tY|lQy`n

E pErv#sQx`vy: ap@g

~ @p`qE b#[Wm

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQx`vy

ap@g~ @p`qE b#[Wm

© Commonwealth of Australia 2009

@mhQ sQyU hQmQkm| a#vQrQNQ. ob@g~ pEq~glQk, v`NQj @n`vn x`vQwy s[h` @h`~ ob@g~ a`ywny wOl x`vQwy s[h` @my @vns~

@n`kr (@mm q#n~vWm shQwv) avpwny kQrWm (download), pYqr\Xny kQrWm, mEqYNy kQrWm sh pQtpw~ kQrWm kl h#kQy. 1968

kw^ hQmQkm| pnw (Copyright Act 1968) yt@w~ avsr qW a#wQ x`vQwyn~ s[h` h#r a@nkOw~ sQyUm x`vQwyn~ whnm|@v|.

Requests for further authorisation should be directed to the: Commonwealth Copyright Administration Copyright Law Branch Attorney-General’s Department Robert Garran Offices National Circuit Barton ACT 2600

f#k~s~: 02 6250 5989I@m|l~: [email protected]

pYk`Xyt pw~ krn lq~@q~ 6 Chan Street Belconnen ACT 2617 hQ sAkYmN sh pErv#sQ @qp`r\w@m|n~wO@v|

(Department of Immigration and Citizenship) j`wQk sn~nQ@v|qn X`K`v (National Communications) mgQnQ

ISBN 978-1-92446-96-2

vgkW@mn~ b#h#rvWm:

@mm pYk`Xn@y~ mQygQy ay sm|bn~{ C`y`r$p sh/@h`~ kr#NE a#wQ bvt a#@b`rQjQnl~ (a`qQv`sW) sh @t`~rs~ s~@tY|t| qRpw~v`sW

(Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander) p`Tkyn~ ht @myQn~ avv`q @k@r\.

“ob ht o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQ vQx`gy ht @pnW sQtWmt avX& sQyUm @w`rwOr# @mm @p`@whQ a#wOlw~ kr a#w. ob vQsQn~ pErv#sQ

prW]Ny s[h` @pnW sQtWmt @vnw~ kQsQm pEq~gl@ykO@gn~ @h`~ sAvQ{`nykQn~ kQsQqE p#@k~jyk~ mQlqW g#nWm @h`~ lb` g#nWm avX& @n`@v|.

pErv#sQ vQx`gy smw~vWmt ob ht upk`r vn bvt qk~vn kQsQm p#@k~jyk~ @qp`r\w@m|n~wOv mgQn~ anEmw @n`kryQ.”

ptEn

obt pNQvEdyk~ 3

vQx`g krn @k`ts

1 vn @k`ts - o|s~@tY|lQy`v sh ehQ jnw`v 8

2 vn @k`ts - o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| pYj`wn~wYv`qW vQX~v`syn~, ayQwQv`sQkm| sh nQqhs 16

3 vn @k`ts - rjy sh o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| nWwQy 22

vQx`g krn @k`ts sm|bn~{ p`rx`;Qwy 30

pEhENEvWm s[h` a`qr\X pYX~n 34

vQx`g @n`krn @k`ts

4 vn @k`ts - aq o|s~@tY|lQy`v 38

5 vn @k`ts - ap@g~ o|s~@tY|lQy`nE v^w~w`n~wy 54

vQx`g @n`krn @k`ts sm|bn~{ p`rx`;Qwy 72

v#dQ vQs~wr s[h` 74

s~wOwQy 76

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQx`vy ynE awQmhw~ pYwQl`x lb` @qn vrpYs`qykQ.

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQ@ykO vWm mgQn~ ob aq~vWwWy j`wQk pYj`vk~ h` ek~@v|.

3obt pNQvEdyk~

obt pNQvEdyk~

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQ@ykOvWmt wWrNy kQrWm sm|bn~{@yn~ ap@g~ XOx

p#wOm|. aUw~ rtk jWvw~vWmt sh pErv#sQ@ykO vX@yn~ sm`j@y~

jWvw~vWmt @@{r\&y, uw~s`hy sh k#p vWm avX&y. ap@g~ s`mk`mW sh

pYj`wn~wYv`qW sm`jyt ob vQsQn~ lb`@qn q`ykw~vy apQ agy krmE.

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQx`vy ob@g~ sAkYmN v^w~w`n~w@y~ v#qgw~

pQyvrkQ. o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQ@ykOvWm mgQn~ ob o|s~@tY|lQy`vt sh

o|s~@tY|lQy`v @pnW sQtQn s$m kr#Nk~ sm|bn~{@yn~m nQrn~wr k#p

kQrWmk~ sQqE kryQ. e@s~m @my o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pYj`v wOl ob@g~ nQym

s`m`jQkw~v@y~ a`rm|xyyQ. @m| pQyvr mgQn~ obt ‘mm o|s~@tY|lQy`nE

j`wQk@ykO’ yn~n kWmt h#kQvnE a#w.

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQx`vy ynE awQ vQX`l pYwQl`x lb`@qn vrpYs`qykQ.

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQykO vWm mgQn~ ob aq~vWwWy j`wQk pYj`vk~ h`

sm|bn~{@v|. ap@g~ @q~Xy @g`dn#gW a#w~@w~ ap@g~ a`qQv`sW jnw`v

sh psEk`lWnv nn~ @qsQn~ @mrtt p#mQNQ ay@g~ q`ykw~v@ynQ. @mm

vQvQ{w~vy apQ smrN awrm e~k~sw~ sh s`mk`mW j`wQyk~ sm|bn~{

prQXYmyk @yqW sQtQmE.

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pYj`v@g~ Xk~wQy ynE ap@g~ g#tU nQr`krNy kr g#nWmt

sh ap@g~ rt @X~Y;~T o|s~@tY|lQy`vk~ kr g#nWmt ap ek~v ktyEwO

kQrWmyQ. ap swOv s~}`vr a`N~dE kYmyk~ a#wQ awr rj@y~ a{Qk`rQyt

sh nWwWn~t o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~ gr# kryQ. ap@g~ s~}`vr bv, ap@g~

sAs~k^wQy sh ap@g~ nWwWn~ h#dg#sW a#w~@w~ ap@g~ iwQh`sy mgQnQ.

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pYj`v h` sm|bn~{vWm mgQn~ ob @mm iwQh`syt ur#mkm|

kQyn awr eyt q`yk vWmt obt avs~}`v s#l@snE a#w.

o|s~@tY|lQy`v p#rNQ bQmkQ. ey awQ vQX`l vn awr aq~vWwWy@v|.

@my v#sQ vn`n~wr sh vn l#h#b @mn~m s~vr\Nmy @vrL sh

vQyLQ k`n~w`rq a#wQ @q~XykQ. ap@g~ a`qQv`sW sAs~k^wQy @l`v q#nt

pvwQn pEr`Nwm sAs~k^wQy@v|. ap e@s~m wr#N j`wQyk~ vn awr

sAkYmNQkyn~@gn~ @g`d n#gONE j`wQykQ. yE@r`~pQy`nE jn`v`s

o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| 1788 qW a#rBENE awr aUwQn~ p#mQ@Nn sAkYmNQkyn~

apQ aqtw~ pQLQgnQmE. rtvl~ 200 kt a{Qk sAK&`vkQn~ p#mQNQ ay

o|s~@tY|lQy`v sQy nQ@vs kr@gn a#w. @mhQ pYwQPlyk~ vX@yn\ ap@g~

sm`jy @l`~k@y~ a#wQ vd`w~m vQvQ{w~v@yn~ yEw~ sm`jy vW a#w.

o|s~@tY|lQy`v v`r\gQk sh sAs~k^wQk vQvQ{w~vy s`r\}k @ls

j`wQk smgQy smM sAklny vW a#w. ap s#m ek~ krn b#[Wm

pErv#sQx`vyyQ.

o|s~@tY|lQy`v pYj`wn~wYv`qW rtkQ. pErv#sQx`vy mgQn~

ap@g~ pYj`wn~wYv`qW j`wQy @g`d n#gWm s[h` ob ht pRr\N

vX@yn~ shx`gQvW@m| avs~}`v lb`@q~. @myQn~ aqhs~ vn~@n~ ob

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pYj`@v| nQsQ s`m`jQk@ykO vX@yn~ ob@g~ vgkWm| itE

kQrWmt sRq`nmQn~ sQtQn bvyQ. o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~ vQsQn~ s$m a@ykO@g~m

gr#w~vy sh nQqhs, g#h#NE sh pQrQmQ ay awr sm`n`w~mw`vy sh

nWwQ@y~ a`{Qpw&y vQX~v`s kryQ. o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQx`vy ynE ap@g~

eqQ@nq` jWvQw@y~ @mkW vtQn`km| a`r]`kr g#nWmyQ.

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQ pYwQZ`v

ap o|s~@tY|lQy`nE@vkO vR@y~ ap@g~ upwQn~ vEvq @w`~r` g#nWm mgQn~ vEvq,

s$m o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQ@ykO vQsQn~m ap@g~ ayQwQv`sQkm| sh vgkWm|

@m`nv`q yn~nw~, pErv#sQ@ykO vWm ynE@vn~ kOmk~ aqhs~@v|q yn~nw~

av@b`~{ kr g#nWm v#qgw~@v|.

ob o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQ uw~svyt shx`gQvn vQt, ob vQsQn~

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQ pYwQZ`v lb` @qnE a#w. @my sQqE kQrW@m|qW ob

o|s~@tY|lQy`v @vw @p`qE k#pkQrWmk~ krn awr pErv#sQx`v@y~ a#wQ

vgkWm| sh vrpYs`q sm|bn~{ pQLQg#nWmk~ sQqEkrnE a#w. pYwQZ`v

psEps a#wQ aqhs i@gnWm mgQn~ o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQ@ykOvWm

ynE@vn~ kOmk~ aqhs~@v|q yn~nw~ pErv#sQx`vy smM a#wQvn vgkWm|

sh vrpYs`q @m`nv`q yn~nw~ pQLQb[v vd` pEUl~ av@b`~{yk~ lb`

gnE a#w.

ob vQsQn~ lb`@qn pYwQZ`v @myyQ:





ovEn~@g~ nWwWn~ m` pQLQgn~n` sh gr# krn bvtw~, @qvQyn~

vhn~@s~ iqQrQ@y~ pYwQZ` @qmQ, *

* ‘ @qvQyn~ vhn~@s~ iqQrQ@y~’ yn vcn x`vQw` kQrWmt @h ~ @n`kQrWmt wm`t wWrNy kl h#k.

ob @mm @p`w kQyv`@gn ynvQt pYwQZ`v psEps a#wQ aqhs sh

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE sm`jy wOl ob@g~ k`r\& x`ry v#dQ krn a`k`ry

sm|bn~{@yn~ sm|pRr\N av@b`~{yk~ lb`gnE a#w.

4 o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQx`vy: ap@g~ @p`qE b#[Wm

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQ@ykO vWm

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE sAkYmN iwQh`sy vsr 200 kt vd` p#rNQ@v|. @m| sm|bn~{@yn~ apQ wvm wr#N j`wQyk~ vn awr ob ap@g~ v^w~w`n~w@y~

@k`tsk~@v|. ob o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| pErv#sQ@ykO vX@yn~ gnE lbn wWrN ap@g~ an`gwy h#dg#sWmt upk`r@v|.

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQx`vy sm|bn~{ vQx`gy

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQ vQx`gy sks~ kr a#w~@w~ o|s~@tY|lQy`v sh

pErv#sQx`vyt aq`l vgkWm| sh vrpYs`q sm|bn~{@yn~ obt pYm`Nvw~

q#nWmk~ a#wQq yn~n a#gyWm s[h`y.

wvq pErv#sQ vQx`gy sks` a#w~@w~ obt iAgWYsQ x`;`v

sm|bn~{@yn~ mRlQk q#nWmk~ a#wQq yn~nw~ a#gyWm s[h`y. iAgWYsQ

ap@g~ j`wQk x`;`vyQ. iAgWYsQ@yn~ k}` kQrWm mgQn~ o|s~@tY|lQy`nE sm`jy

wOl vd` kQYy`k`rW @ls ktyEwO kQrWmt obt upk`r@v|. o|s~@tY|lQy`@vhQQ

a#wQ a{&`pny, rFkWr]` sh @vnw~ avs~}`vn~hQ sm|pRr\N pYwQl`x

lb` g#nWmt @m| mgQn~ upk`r @k@r\.

pErv#sQ vQx`gy prQgNk x`vQw@yn~ sQqE krn iAgWYsQ x`;`@vn~

pvw~vn bhEvrN pYX~n a#wOlw~ vQx`gykQ. pErv#sQ vQx`gy wOl pYX~n

m`l`vkQn~ ahBE @ls @w`~r` gn~n` pYX~n 20 k~ a#w. @mm vQx`gy

smw~vWmt ob sQyyt 75 k~, n#wQnm| pYX~n 20 n~ 15 kt nQv#rqQ

@ls pQLQwOr# s#pyQy yEwOy.

pErv#sQ vQx`gy pvw~vn~@n~ o|s~@tY|lQy`v pEr` a#wQ sAkYmN sh pErv#sQ

@qp`r\w@m|n~wO k`r\&`l wOly. pY`@q~XWy o|s~@tY|lQy` s~}`n kQhQpyk sh

smhr vQ@q~X qEw k`r\&`lvlq vQx`gy p#v#w~vWmt ktyEwO sQqE kryQ.

pErv#sQ vQx`gy smw~vWm mgQn~, ob o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQ pYwQZ`v

lb`qWm mgQn~ krn k#pkQrWm ob vQsQn~ av@b`~{ kr@gn a#wQ bv

@pn~v` @qyQ.

pErv#sQ vQx`gy s[h` sRq`nm|vWm

pErv#sQ vQx`gy s[h` sRq`nm| vWmt ob vQsQn~ @mm @p`w kQyvWm

avX&@v|.

…@w`rwOr# @p`w

@mm @w`rwOr# @p`@whQ vQx`g krn sh vQx`g @n`krn @k`ts~ a#w.

vQx`g krn @k`ts

pErv#sQ vQx`gy smw~vWmt avX& sQyUm @w`rwOr# @mhQ pLmEvn

@k`ts~ wO@nhQ a#w:

• 1 vn @k`ts - o|s~@tY|lQy`v sh ehQ sQtQn jnw`v

• 2 vn @k`ts - o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| pYj`wn~wYv`qW vQX~v`syn~,

ayQwQv`sQkm| sh nQqhs

• 3 vn @k`ts - rjy sh o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| nWwQy

pErv#sQ vQx`g@y~ pYX~nvlt pQLQwOr# s#pyWm s[h` vQx`g krn @k`t@s~

a#wQ @w`rwOr# q#n@gn av@b`~{ kr g#nWm avX&@v|.

vQx`g @n`krn @k`ts

obt o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| iwQh`sy sh sAs~k^wQy av@b`~{ kr g#nWmt

upk`r vn v#qgw~ @w`rwOr# vQx`g @n`krn @k`t@s~ a#w. @mm

@w`rwOr# sm|bn~{@yn~ obv vQx`g krn~@n~ @n`m#w.

• 4 vn @k`ts - aq o|s~@tY|lQy`v

• 5 vn @k`ts - ap@g~ o|s~@tY|lQy`nE v^w`n~wy

a`qr\X pYX~n

vQx`g krn @k`ts avs`n@y~ obt pErv#sQ vQx`gyt sRq`nm|vWm s[h`

a`qr\X pYX~n 20 k~ a#w.

p`rx`;Qwy

vQx`g krn sh vQx`g @n`krn @k`ts~ avs`n@y~ p`rx`;Qwyk~

(v#qgw~ vcn l#yQs~wOvk~ sh e~v`@y~ @w~r#m|) a#w.

@mm @p`@whQ prQvr\wn

iAgWYsQ h#r @vnw~ x`;`vk~ kQyvWm sm|bn~{@yn~ v#dQ nQpENw`vyk~

a#wQ pErv#sQx`vy lb` g#nWmt bl`@p`@r`w~wOvn ay ht @mm @p`w

pYj` x`;` 37 kt prQvr\wny kr a#w. @mm prQvr\wn o|s~@tY|lQy`nE

pErv#sQ @vb| aVvQy vn www.citizenship.gov.au @vwQn~ pmNk~

lb` gw h#k.

5obt pNQvEdyk~

dWvWdW w#tQ

pErv#sQ vQx`gy s[h` sRq`nm| vn ay s[h` iAgWYsQ x`;`@vn~ a#wQ XYv&

q^X& dWvWdW w#tQyk~q lb` gw h#k. dWvWdW w#tQ@y~ a`qr\X pYX~n 20

k~ @mn~m vQx`g krn @k`t@s~ a#wQ v#qgw~ kr#NE a#wOlw~ iqQrQpw~

kQrWmk~q (presentation) a#w. @mm dWvWdW w#tQy nQpqv` a#w~@w~ adE

iAgWYsQ x`;` nQpENw`vyk~ a#wQ ay s[h` a{&`pn upk`ryk~ @lsQnQ.

@mm dWvWdW w#tQy a#NvEm| kQrWm mgQn~ @h ~ www.citizenship.gov.au hQ o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQ @vb| aVvQy mgQn~ @h ~ lb` gw h#k.

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQ vQx`gy pvw~vn avs~}`@v|

upk`r

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQx`vy lb` g#nWmt bl`@p`@r`w~wOvn @b`@h ~ ay

ht upk`rykQn~ @w`rv pErv#sQ vQx`gy smw~vWmt avX& lQvW@m| sh

kQyvW@m| h#kQy`v a#wQ bvt a@p~]` @k@r\. adE iAgWYsQ x`;` nQpENw`vy

@h~wO@vn~ upk`r avX& ay s[h` pYX~n sh qW a#wQ pQLQwOr# Xb|q ng`

kQyvWm mgQn~ nQl{`rQ@ykO vQsQn~ upk`r kl h#k. adE prQgNk nQpENw`

a#wQ ay sh ab`{Qw ay s[h`q upk`r lb` gw h#k. pErv#sQ vQx`gy

avs~}`@v| obt upk`r avX& bv sQwn~@n~nm| kr#N`kr pErv#sQ

nQl{`rW (citizenship officer) ht q#nEm| @qn~n.

ap@g~ @p`qE b#[Wm: o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQ p`Tm`l`v

prQgNk vQx`gy @vnEvt o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQ p`Tm`l`vk~ h#q$rWmt

obt sEqEsEkm| wQbQy h#k.

pErv#sQ p`Tm`l`v mgQn~ @mm @p`@whQ vQx`g krn @k`t@s~ a#wQ

sQyUm @w`rwOr# a`vrNy kryQ. @k@s~vEvq, obt iAgWYsQ sm|bn~{

mRlQk q#nWmk~ sh o|s~@tY|ly`nE pErv#sQ pYwQZ`@v| sAkl~p pQLQb[

av@b`~{yk~ a#wQ bv @pn~vQy yEwOy.

p`Tm`l`v sm|bn~{ v#dQqEr vQs~wr www.citizenship.gov.au hQ

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQ @vb| aVvQy mgQn~ lb` gw h#k.

v#dQ vQs~wr s[h`

qErk}n 131 880 os~@s~ pErv#sQ @w`rwOr# aAky

(Citizenship Information Line) a#mwQy h#k (sqEq` sQt sQkOr`q`

qk~v` @p.v. 8.30 sQt p.v. 4.30 qk~v`).

obt x`;` prQvr\wk@ykO@g~ sh`y avX&nm|, kr#N`kr aAk

131 450 amwn~n.

www.citizenship.gov.au hQ o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQ @vb| aVvQy

@vwq y` h#k.

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQx`vy lb`g#nW@m| uw~svy

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQx`vy lb`g#nW@m| uw~sv iw`m sEU pQrQsk~

shx`gQvn iw`m kOd` uw~svyk~ @h`~ mQnQsEn~ sQy qhs~ gNnk~

shx`gQvn iw`m vQX`l uw~svyk~ vQy h#k. nv pErv#sQyn~ sh

nQl{`rWn~ awr a#wQ h#MWm|br bv sh axQm`ny @h~wO@vn~ @my iw`m

pWYwQmw~ s#mrWmk~@v|.

pErv#sQx`vy lb`g#nW@m| uw~svy a`rm|x@y~ ob@g~ pL`@w~ idm|vl

s`m|pYq`yQk hQmQkr#vn~ vn a`qQv`sWn~@g~ nQ@y`~jQw@ykO vQsQn~ obv

pQLQg#nWmt idkd a#w. ob@g~ pY`@q~XWy pYj`v@g~ n`ykyn~ @h`~ rj@y~

nQ@y`~jQwyn~ vQsQn~ krnE lbn pQLQgnE lbn sh unn~qE krn vqn~vlt

obt svn~qWmt h#kQvnE a#w.

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQx`vy lb` g#nWmt wWrNy kl a@nkOw~ ay smM

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQ pYwQZ`v ob vQsQn~ hdnM` kQynE a#w.

uw~sv@y~ iw`mw~ v#qgw~ aAgy @myyQ. ob o|s~@tY|lQy`vt a#wQ

k#pvW@m| pYwQZ`v lb`@qn @wk~ ob o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQ@ykO vn~@n~

n#w. ob pYwQZ`v lb`@qn avs~}`@v| wb` g#nWmt XOq~{vR lQyvQl~lk~

@h`~ @vnw~ a`gmQk gYn~}yk~ rF@gn a` h#kQ vEvq @my anQv`r\&

@n`@v|.

pErv#sQx`v@y~ ar\}y sm|bn~{ @ktQ @q~Xn ob@g~ pYj` n`ykyn~

@h`~ rj@y~ nQ@y`~jQwyn~ vQsQn~ krnE a#w. ob@g~ o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQ

shwQky sh smhr avs~}`vl ob@g~ pYj`v mgQn~ lb`@qn sEU

w&`gyk~ obt l#@bnE a#w. o|s~@tY|lQy`nE j`wQk gWy vn

‘Advance Australia Fair’ gWwy s#m@qn ek~v gynE a#w. pErv#sQ

uw~svyt psEv ob@g~ sh^q o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~ h` ek~v @mm avs~}`v

s#mrWmt obt avs~}`v l#@bnE a#w.

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQ@ykO vWm sm|bn~{v sh o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| s`m`k`mW sh

Plq`yW jWvQwyk~ a@p~]` kQrWm sm|bn~{v apQ obt sEx pwmE.

pErv#sQx`vy lb` g#nW@m| uw~svyt shx`gQvn nv o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQyn~

vQx`g krnQ @k`t@s~ a`rm|xy

1 vn @k`ts

o|s~@tY|lQy`v sh ehQ jnw`v





ovEn~@g~ nWwWn~ m` pQLQgn~n` sh gr# krn bvtw~, @qvQyn~ vhn~@s~ iqQrQ@y~ pYwQZ` @qmQ,*

* ‘@qvQyn~ vhn~@s~ iqQrQ@y~’ yn vcn x`vQw` kQrWmt @h`~ @n`kQrWmt wm`t wWrNy kl h#k.

1 vn @k`ts – o|s~@tY|lQy`v sh ehQ jnw`v 9


pErv#sQx`vy lb`g#nW@m| uw~sv@y~qW ob o|s~@tY|lQy`v sh ehQ jnw`vt

a#wQ p]p`wQw~vy sm|bn~{v pYwQZ`vk~ lb`@q~. @m| @h~wOv nQs`

ap@g~ a`qQv`sW ur#myn~ a#wOU o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pYj`v sh jnghNy

sm|bn~{v av@b ~{yk~ lb` g#nWm v#qgw~@v|. o|s~@tY|lQy`v bQYw`n& ytw~

vQjQwyk~ @ls avQnQX~cQw a`rm|xyk sQt aq ap qkQn s~}`vr sh s`r\}k

bhEv`r\gQk j`wQyk~ bvt pw~vR a`k`ry av@b ~{ kr g#nWmq v#qgw~@v|.

@mm @k`ts wOl ap@g~ v^w`n~wyt q`ykvR smhr v#qgw~ sQqEvWm|

sm|bn~{@yn~ kQyvWmt obt h#kQ@v|. ap@g~ pY`n~w sh sn~wk

pY@q~X (states and territories) sm|bn~{ @w`rwOr# sh ap

p#h#qQlQv o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~ vX@yn~ h[En` gn~n` sm|pYq`yn~ sh sA@k~w

sm|bn~{ @w`rwOr#q @mhQ a#wOlw~v a#w.

ap@g~ jnw`v

a`qQv`sW o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~

(Indigenous Australians)o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| mEl~ v#sQyn~ vn~@n~ a#@b`rQjQnl~ (Aboriginal) sh

@t`~rs~ s~@tY|t| qRpw~v`sWn~y (Torres Strait Islander people).

o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| mEl~ v#sQyn~ vn~@n~ ovEn~y. o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| a`qQv`sW

sAs~k^wWn~ q#nt @l`~k@y~ pvwQn vd`w~m p#rNQ sAs~k^wWn~@v|.

@@ewQh`sQk vX@yn~ a`qQv`sWn~, o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| pY{`n xSmQ@yn~ sh

ws~@m|nQy`@vn~ p#mQNQ ay@v|. ovEn~ @mhQ vsr 40,000 sh 60,000

awr k`lyk~ jWvw~vW a#w.

@t`~rs~ s~@tY|t| qRpw~v`sWn~ p#mQN a#w~@w~ kOvWn~s~ln~wyt uwOrQn~ wQ@bn

qRpw~vl sQty. ovEn~ ht ovEn~t a`@v|NQkvR sAs~k^wQk ann&w`vyk~

a#w.

a`qQv`sWn~ @p`qE vQX~v`syn~ sh sm|pYq`yn~ @bq`hq` gn~n` awr

aqtw~ ovEn~ ht mM @pn~vn~@n~ @m|v` mgQn~y. ovEn~ ht xSmQy h` q#dQ

sm|bn~{w`vyk~ a#wQ awr @mm sm|bn~{w`vy ovEn~@g~ v^w`n~w,

kl` sh n#tEm| mgQn~ pYk`X@v|.

yE@r`~pWy j`wQkyn~ pqQAcQvW@m| mEl~ av{Qy

yE@r ~pWy j`wQkyn~ @mrt pqQAcQvWm a`rm|xvR@y~ 1788 jnv`rQ 26 vn qQn

mh` bQYw`n&@y~ sQt p#mQNQ sQrkr#vn~ shQw @n_k` 11 pY}m@yn~ p#mQNWmw~

smMy. @my pY}m n`vEk bl a#NQy (‘First Fleet’) @ls h[En~vyQ.

@mm k`l@y~ bQYw`n& nWwQy iw` qr#NEvR awr apr`{vlt

v#rqQkr#vn~vR vQX`l pYm`Nyk~ sQrkr wb` g#nWmt sQrm#qQrQ pYm`Nvw~

@n`vWy. @mm g#tUvt vQsqEm| vX@yn~, bQYw`n& rjy mgQn~ @mm

sQrkr#vn~ @l`~k@y~ a@nk~ pst y#vWmt wWrNy krn lqW. @m@s~

evR@y~ nQv| svEw~ @v|l~s~ yn nv ytw~ vQjQwy @vwy.

nQv| svEw~ @v|l~s~ hQ pY}m a`N~dEk`rvry` vR@y~ kpQw`n~ a`wr\ pQlQp~y

(Captain Arthur Phillip). nv yE@r`~pWy ytw~ vQjQw@y~ mEl~ vsr

kQpy wOl mEhEN qWmt wQbR @b`@h`~ g#tUvlt ohE s`r\}kv mEhEN

qEnQ. ytw~ vQjQwy qQgtm rFkONE awr wvw~ sQrkr#vn~ sh nQqh@s~

pqQAcQvWmt k#mwQ ay p#mQNQ b#vQn~ ytw~ vQjQwy qQyENEvW sAvr\{ny

vQy. r@thQ @vnw~ @k`ts~vlq wvw~ ytw~ vQjQw pQhQtEvQy.

nQqh@s~ pqQAcQvWmt k#mwQ ay p#mQNQ@y~ mh` bQYw`n&@yn~ sh

ayr\ln~w@ynQ. @mm bQYw`n& sh ayr\ln~w ur#my o|s~@tY|lQy`@v|

iwQh`sy, sAs~k^wQy sh @q~Xp`ln a`ywn @k@rhQ vQX`l vX@yn~

blp$m| a#wQ krn lqW.

1851 qW nQv| svEw~ @v|l~s~ sh vQk~@t`~rQy` yn ytw~ vQjQwvl rw~rn~

@s`y` gn~n` lqW. sQy v`sn`v urg` b#lWmt @l`v pEr`m sQtQn ay

@mm ytw~ vQjQwvlt p#mQNQyh. @mm k`l@y~qW yE@r`~pyt ayw~ @n`vn

rtkQn~ p#mQNQ vQX`lm sAkYmNQkyn~ kN~d`ym p#mQNQ@y~ cWn@ynQ.

vsr 10 k~ a#wOlw jnghNy @qgONykt vd` v#dQvQy.

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE j`wQy

mWlM qXk kQhQpy pEr` ek~ ek~ ytw~ vQjQw ek~ j`wQyk~ @ls ek~vW@m|

s`kc|C`vk nQrw vQy.

1901 qW ytw~ vQjQw ek~v @k`mn~@vl~w~ of~ o|s~@tY|lQy`

(Commonwealth of Australia) @lsQn~ @fd@r\;n~ r`j&yk~

a#wQkr gn~n` lqW. @mm k`l@y~qW o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| jnghNy mQlQyn

hwrk~ pmN vQy. @mm sAK&`vt a`qQv`sWn~ a#wOlw~ @n`vWy.

20 vn sQyv@s~ pY}m x`gy pEr` sAkYmNQkyn~@g~ sAK&`v adE v#dQ

vQy. bQYw`n& sAkYmNQkyn~ @mrtt p#mQNWm unn~qE kQrWm s[h`

v#dsthn~ wQbENE awr e~ anEv sAkYmNQkyn~ @mrtt p#mQN a#w.

@qvn @l`~k sAgY`m@yn~ psEv yE@r`~p@y~ sQtQ mQlQyn sAK&`w mQnQsEn~

ht sQy mv|bQm| h#rqm` y`mt sQqEvENE vQt bQYw`n& @n`vn sAkYmNQkyn~

vQX`l sAK&`vlQn~ @mrtt p#mQNQyh. vQX`l sAK&`vlQn~ @m`vEn~

o|s~@tY|lQy`vt p#mQNQ@y~ nv jWvQwyk~ a#rBWmty.

m$w k`l@y~ ap@g~ sAkYmN sh srN`gw v#d sthn~ mgQn~

@l`v pEr`m sQtQn mQnQsEn~ o|s~@tY|lQy`vt rF@gn vQw~ a#w. mQnQsEn~

@mrtt p#mQN a#w~@w~ sQy pvEl~ h` sm|bn~{vWmt, vysQn~ adE rtk

nv jWvQwyk~ a#rBWmt, @h`~ qEgWkm, yEq~{ @h`~ …v{ hQAs` v#nQ

ww~vyn~@gn~ pl` y`mty.

aq o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| mQlQyn 22 k jnghNyk~ a#w. @myQn~ hw@rn~

ekk sAK&`vk~ vQ@q~Xyn~hQ upn~ ay@v|. @mm mQnQsEn~ vQsQn~ ap

j`wQyt lb`qW a#wQ q`ykw~vy mgQn~ o|s~@tY|lQy`v @b`@h`~@s~ {nvw~vW

a#w. o|s~@tY|lQy`nE jnw`v@g~ vQvQ{w~vy ap smrN awrm ekt b#[Q,

e~kWy j`wQyk~ @g`dn#gWmtq apQ armENE kr@gn sQtQmE.

o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| j`wQk x`;`v iAgWYsQ@v|. @my ap@g~ j`wQk

ann&w`v@y~ aAgykQ. o|s~@tY|lQy`nE sm`j@y~ ktyEwOvlt shx`gQvWm

s[h` upk`rW vWmt o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| sQtQn sQyUm ay vQsQn~ iAgWYsQ x`;`v

i@gnWmt unn~qE @k@r\. o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| jWvw~vW@m|qW sh v#d kQrW@m|qW

iAgWYsQ x`;`@vn~ k}` kQrWm awQXy v#qgw~@v|. @vnw~ x`;`vn~q agy

krmE. vQvQ{w~v@yn~ yEw~ o|s~@tY|lQy`nE sm`j@y~ x`;` 200 kt a{Qk

sAK&`vk~ k}` kryQ.

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQx`vy: ap@g~ @p`qE b#[Wm10

Darwin

Brisbane

Hobart

Melbourne

Australian Capital Territory

Perth

Adelaide

Queensland

New South Wales

Northern Territory

Western Australia

South Australia

Tasmania

Victoria

CanberraSydney

o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| pY`n~w sh sn~wk pY@q~X (states and territories)o|s~@tY|lQy`nE r`j&y (Commonwealth of Australia) pY`n~w (states) sh sn~wk pY@q~X (territories) ek~v s$qENE @fdrl~ r`j&ykQ

(federation of states). o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| ag ngry k#n~br` vn awr ek~ ek~ pY`n~w sh sn~wk pY@q~X s[h` @vn @vn agngr a#w.

pY`n~wy ag ngry

New South Wales (NSW) Sydney

Victoria (Vic.) Melbourne

Queensland (Qld) Brisbane

Western Australia (WA) Perth

South Australia (SA) Adelaide

Tasmania (Tas.) Hobart

sn~wk pY@q~Xy ag ngry

Australian Capital Territory (ACT) Canberra

Northern Territory (NT) Darwin

k#n~br` o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| ag ngryq@v|


o|s~@tY|lQyn~ k#pQtl~ @trQtrQ

nQv| svEw~ @v|l~s~

k~vWn~s~ln~d|

svEw~ o|s~@tY|lQy`

ws~@m|nQy`

vQk~@t`~rQy`

@vs~tr\n~ o|s~@tY|lQy`

@n`qr\n~ @trQtrQ

pY`n~w (The states)nQv| svEw~ @v|l~s~ (New South Wales) ynE bQYw`n&yn~

cQsQn~ s~}`pny krn lq pY}m ytw~ vQjQwyyQ. nQv| svEw~ @v|l~s~ hQ

agngry sQd|nQ vn awr j`wQ@y~ vQX`lwm ngryyQ. sQd|nQ hQ h`br\

bQYj~ (Harbour Bridge) sh o@pr` hvEs~ (Opera House) @mm

r@thQ j`wQk pYwQm`vn~y.

vQk~@t`~rQy` (Victoria) pY`n~wy pY{`n pY`n~wvlQn~ kOd`m

pY`n~wy@v|. vQk~@t`~rQy` hQ a#wQ @b`@h`~ alAk`r @g`dn#gQlQ wnn

lq~@q~ 1850 yEg@y~ a#wQvENE rw~rn~ mgQn~ upy`gw~ mEql~vlQnQ.

vQk~@t`~rQy` hQ ag ngry @ml~br\n~@v|.

kOvWn~s~ln~wy (Queensland) ynE @qvn vQX`lm

pY`n~wy@v|. eyt uwOrQn~ @t`~rs~ s~@tY|t| ayQln~d| (Torres Strait Islands) a#wQ awr nQvr\wn @ww~ vn`n~wr, smXW@w`~;~N

@vrLbd pL`w~ sh nQwrm vQyLQ ax&n~wr pY@q~X @mhQ qk~nt a#w.

kOvWn~s~ln~w@y~ agngry bQYs~@b|n~ y.

@vs~tr\n~ o|s~@tY|lQy` (Western Australia) vQX`lm

pY`n~wy@v|. pY`n~w@y~ n#@gnhQr pst vn~n @b`@h`~ k`n~w`r a#wQ

awr nQrQwqQg qQX`v @qst sr# k^;Qk`r\mQk sh mQqQ v#@vn pY@q~X

a#w. @mm pY`n~w@y~ @b`@h`~ vQX`l pwl~ kr\m`n~w v&`p^wQ qk~nt

a#w. pY`n~w@y~ jnghN@yn~ hw@rn~ wOnk~m jWvw~ vn~@n~ agngry

vn pr\w~ hQ @v|.

svEw~ o|s~@tY|lQy` (South Australia) hQ smwl` @n`vR smEqY

wWryk~ a#wQ awr jnpQYy mQqQ vvn pY@q~X @b`@h`~myk~ a#w. agngry

vn a#dQ@l~d| hQ ytw~ vQjQw yEg@y~ g^h nQr\m`N XQl~pyt kqQm nQqsEn~

@b`@h`~myk~ a#w.

ws~@m|nQy` (Tasmania) o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| kOd`m pY`n~w r`j&y vn

awr b$s~ smEqY sn~{Qy (Bass Strait) mgQn~ pY{`n xSmQ pY@q~X@yn~

@vn~v pQhQt` a#w. qQvyQ@n~ v#dQ @k`tsk, vl~ bQhQvENE vn`n~wrgw

bQm| s#k#s~mk~ a#w. ws~@m|nQy`@v| agngry @h`~b`r\t| @v|.

sn~wk pY@q~X (The territories)o|s~@tY|lQyn~ k#pQtl~ @trQtrQ (Australian Capital Territory) pQhQt` a#w~@w~ sQd|nQ sh @ml~br\n~ awrm#qy.

@mhQ j`wQ@y~ ag ngry vn k#n~br` pQhQt` a#w. p`r\lQ@m|n~wO nQvs

(Parliament House) sh o|s~@tY|lQy`nE @XY~;~T`{QkrNy (High Court of Australia) v#nQ v#qgw~ j`wQk a`ywnvlt v`ss~}`nyk~

k#n~br` mgQn~ lb`@q~.

@n`qr\n~ @trQtrQ (Northern Territory) vlt ihlQn~

nQvr\wnyq, qkONQn~ rwO k`n~w`r psq a#w. @mhQ jWvw~vn kOd`

jnghN@yn~ v#dQ pQrQsk~ jWvw~ vn~@n~ ag ngry vn d`vQn~ hQ sh

o|s~@tY|lQy`v m`{&@y~ a#wQ pY{`n ngry vn a#lQs~ s~pYQn~g~s~ sh d`vQn~

awr qQ@vn pY{`n a{Q@v|gW mh` m`r\gy os~@s~ avt pY@q~Xvly.


pErv#sQx`vy lb`qW@m| uw~sv @b`@h`~myk~ pvw~vn~@n~ s$m vsrkm o|s~@tY|lQy` qQn@y~qWy a#n~s#k~ qQn @pLp`lQy

sm|pYq`yn~ sh sA@k~w

o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~ s[h` v#qgw~ qvs~

o|s~@tY|lQy` qQny

s$m vsrkm jnv`rQ 26 qQn apQ o|s~@tY|lQy` qQny smrmE. o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| s$m pY`n~wykm sh sn~wk pY@q~Xykm o|s~@tY|lQy` qQny rj@y~ nQv`dE qQnykQ.

o|s~@tY|lQy` qQn@y~qW, o|s~@tY|lQy`v pEr` sQtQn vQX`l sh kOd` pYj`vn~ o|s~@tY|lQy`v sm|bn~{ s$m @XY~;~T @qyk~mw~, o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvkO vWmw~ smryQ. @my

o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| vQX`lwm v`r\;Qk mhjn uw~svyyQ.

o|s~@tY|lQy` qQny ynE ap@g~ iwQh`syt sh @mm j`wQy @XY~;~T j`wQyk~ kl ayt gr# krn qQny@v|. @mm qQny vr\wm`n@y~ swOtE vWmt sh

an`gw@y~qW ek~v swOtE sh @s_x`g&y @gn e~mt k#p vn qQnyk~@v|. @m| nQs` @mm qQn@y~qW pErv#sQx`vy lb`@qn uw~sv rt pEr` p#v#w~@v|.

jnv`rQ 26 vnq`, bQYw`n&y rj@y~ sQrkr#vn~ pqQAcQ krvWmt 1788 mh` bQYw`n&@y~ sQt pY}m n`vEk bla#NQy @mrtt p#mQNW@m| sAvw~sr qQnyyQ.

pY}m n`vEk bla#NQ@y~ aN@qn nQl{`rQy` vR@y~ kpQw`n~ a`wr\ pQlQp~y (Captain Arthur Phillip).

o|s~@tY|lQy` qQnyt @pr qQn, agm#wQvry` vQsQn~ k#n~br` sQt vs@r\ o|s~@tY|lQy`nEv` …pYq`nyn~ nQ@v|qny @k@r\.

a#n~s#k~ qQny

a#n~s#k~ qQny s$m vsrkm apQY@yl~ 25 vn qQn smryQ. a#n~s#k~ qQny nm|kr a#w~@w~ pLmE @l`~k sAgY`my sm@y~ 1915 apQY@yl~ 25 qQn wOr\kQ@y~

g#lQ@p`lQ @vw @g`d b#s~sR o|s~@tY|lQy`nE sh nvsWln~w yE{ hmEq` blk`y nmQnQ.

sAgY`m, mw@x~q sh s`m hmEq` kQYy`k`rkm|vlt shx`gQvW mQygQy ay vQsQn~ krn lq k#pkQrWm| smrN vQt a#n~s#k~ qQny kNg`tEq`yk qQnykQ.

sQyUm yE{ hmEq` @s~vk @s~vQk`vn~@g~ uw~s`hyn~ sh k#pkQrWm|vlt apQ pYN`my pEq krmE.

o|s~@tY|lQy` qQny, a#n~s#k~ qQny sh @vnw~ v#qgw~ j`wQk qQnyn~ sh s#mrWm| sm|bn~{ v#dQ vQs~wr 4 vn @k`t@s~ aq o|s~@tY|lQy`v @k`t@s~ a#w.


o|s~@tY|lQy`nE a`qQv`sW {jy kU, rwO sh kh vr\NvlQn~ smn~vQw@v|

@t`rs~ s~@tY|t| qRpw~v`sW {jy @k`L, nQl~, kU sh sEqE vr\NvlQn~ smn~vQw@v|

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE {j

o|s~@tY|lQy`vt nQl {j wOnk~ a#w: o|s~@tY|lQy`nE j`wQk {jy, o|s~@tY|lQy`nE a`qQv`sW {jy sh @t`~rs~ s~@tY|t| qRpw~v`sW {jy.

ek~ ek~ pY`n~w sh sn~wk pY@q~X swOv @vn @vn {jyn~ a#w. @m|v` 11 vn pQtE@v| q#kQy h#k.

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE j`wQk {jy nQl~, sEqE sh rwO vr\NvlQn~ smn~vQw@v|

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE j`wQk {jy

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE j`wQk {jy nQl~, sEqE sh rwO vr\NvlQn~ smn~vQw@v|.

@myt v#qgw~ aAg wOnk~ a#wOlw~@v|:

• •yRnQyn~ j#k~ @lsQn~ h#[Qn~@vn mh` bQYw`n& {jy, ihl vm|

@kLvr a#w. @mm {jy mgQn~ ap@g~ bQYw`n& jn`v`s

iwQh`sy nQ@y`~jny kryQ.

• •@k`mn~@vl~w~ wr#v yRnQyn~ j#k~ sA@k~wyt phwQn~ a#w.

pY`n~w hyt wOdE hyk~ sh sn~wk pY@q~Xyt wOdE ekk~ @lsQn~

@mm wr#vt wOdE hwk~ a#w.

• •qkO@NhQ a#wQ, q sqr\n~ @kY`s~, ap qkONE ah@shQ qkQn w`rk`

mN~dlykQ.

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE a`qQv`sW {jy

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE a`qQv`sW {jy kU, rwO sh kh vr\NvlQn~ smn~vQw@v|.

@myt v#qgw~ aAg wOnk~ a#wOlw~vn awr, @mm vr\N sm|bn~{ vd`

@p`qE ar\} q#k~vWm nm|:

• •ihl x`gy kU p#h# vn awr o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| a`qQv`sW jnw`v

nQ@y`~jny kryQ.

• •phL x`gy rwO p#h# vn awr @p`@L`v sh xSmQyt a#wQ

x`v`w~mk sm|bn~{w`vy nQ@y`~jny kryQ.

• •kh p#h# kvy mgQn~ sRr\&y` nQ@y`~jny kryQ.

@t`~rs~ s~@tY|t| qRpw~v`sW {jy

@t`rs~ s~@tY|t| qRpw~v`sW {jy @k`L, nQl~, kU sh sEqE vr\NvlQn~

smn~vQw@v|.

• •@k`L irQ mgQn~ xSmQy nQ@y`~jny@v|.

• •m#q a#wQ nQl~ @k`ts mgQn~ mEhEq nQ@y`~jny@v|.

• •kU irQ mgQn~ @t`~rs~ s~@tY|t| qRpw~v`sWn~ nQ@y`~jny@v|.

• •m#q a#wQ sEqE p#h#wQ n`t&Agn`vn~@g~ hQs~ pLqn`v sQyUm

@t`~rs~ s~@tY|t| qRpw~v`sWn~ sA@k~wvw~ kryQ.

• •sEqE p#h# wr#@v| a#wQ wOdE @t`rs~ s~@tY|t|hQ sQtQn qRpw~v`sW

kN~d`ym| nQ@y`~jny kryQ.

• •sEqE p#h#y s`my sA@k~wvw~ kryQ.


o|s~@tY|lQy`nE rj@y~ nQl lÀCny

(Commonwealth Coat of Arms)@k`mn~@vl~w~ @k`~t| of~ a`r\m|s~ ynE o|s~@tY|lQy`nE rj@y~ nQl lÀCnyyQ.

@my ap@g~ j`wQk smgQy nQ@y`~jny kryQ. @m| mgQn~ o|s~@tY|lQy`nE

rj@y~ a{Qk`rQy sh ayQwQy h[En` gnW.

• •m#q a#wQ pLQh mgQn~ pY`n~wyn~ hy sh @fd@r\;Ny nQ@y`~jny

kryQ.

• •k#n~gr$vkO sh emRvkO pLQ@h~ @qps Xk~wQyt sQtW. k#n~gr$

o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| j`wQk sw~vy` vn awr emR o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| j`wQk

kOr#l~l`y.

• •pLQht ihlQn~ rn~ p#h# o|s~@tY|lQy`nE rj@y~ wr#v a#w.

• •psEbQ@mhQ o|s~@tY|lQy`nE j`wQk pE;~py vn rn~ p#h# @v`tl~ ml a#w.

o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| j`wQk pE;~py

o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| j`wQk pE;~py vn~@n~ rn~ p#h# @v`tl~ mly. @mm kOd`

gs pY{`n vX@yn~ v#@vn~@n~ gQNQ@k`N o|s~@tY|lQy`@v|y. gQm|h`n

G^wO@v|qW qWp~wQmw~ @k`L p#h# pwY sh @b`@h`~ rn~ p#h# kh vr\N ml~

a#w. o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| ek~ ek~ pY`n~w sh sn~wk pY@q~X swOv sQy pE;~p

sA@k~wyn~ a#w.

o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| j`wQk vr\N

o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| j`wQk vr\N vn~@n~ rn~ p#h# @v`tl~ m@lhQ vr\N vn

@k`L sh rn~ p#h#yn~y. ap@g~ j`wQk kWYd` kN~d`ym|vl nQl a#[Em|vl

p#h#y s`m`n&@yn~ @k`L sh rn~ p#h#yn~y.

o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| j`wQk m#NQk~ gl

o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| j`wQk m#NQk~ gl o|pl~y. a`qQv`sW jnpYv`qyt anEv

@q~qEn~nk~ @p`@L`v s~pr\X krn lq awr o|pl~hQ p#h#yn~ a#wQvQy.

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE rj@y~ nQl lÀCny

o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| j`wQk vr\N vn @k`L sh rn~ p#h#yn~

rn~ p#h# @v`tl~ ml

o|pl~


o|s~@t|lQy`nE j`wQk gWy

o|s~@t|lQy`nE j`wQk gWy ‘Advance Australia Fair’ gWwy @v|. j`wQk v#qgw~kmk~ a#wQ avs~}`vl @my g`yny @k@r\. e@s~m @my

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQx`vy lb`@qn uw~svvlw~, pY{`n kWYd` avs~}`vlw~, p`s#l~vlw~ g`yny kryQ. @m| mgQn~ j`wQy ek~ krn awr o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvkO

vW@m| pWYwQy sh a`dm|bry pYsQq~{Q@y~ pYk`X kryQ.

Advance Australia Fair

Australians all let us rejoice,

For we are young and free;

We’ve golden soil and wealth for toil;

Our home is girt by sea;

Our land abounds in nature’s gifts

Of beauty rich and rare;

In history’s page, let every stage

Advance Australia Fair.

In joyful strains then let us sing,


Beneath our radiant Southern Cross

We’ll toil with hearts and hands;

To make this Commonwealth of ours

Renowned of all the lands;

For those who’ve come across the seas

We’ve boundless plains to share;

With courage let us all combine

To Advance Australia Fair.

In joyful strains then let us sing,


“* o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| j`wQk gW@y~ nm sm|bn~{@yn~ obv prW]` kl h#kQ vEvq,

j`wQk gW@y~ vcn sm|bn~{@yn~ obv vQx`g @n`kryQ. ”





ovEn~@g~ nWwWn~ m` pQLQgn~n` sh gr# krn bvtw~, @qvQyn~ vhn~@s~ iqQrQ@y~ pYwQZ` @qmQ, *


2 vn @k`ts

o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| pYj`wn~wYv`qW vQX~v`syn~,

ayQwQv`sQkm| sh nQqhs

2 vn @k`ts – o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| pYj`wn~wYv`qW vQX~v`syn~, ayQwQv`sQkm| sh nQqhs 17

o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| pYj`wn~wYv`qW vQX~v`syn~, ayQwQv`sQkm| sh nQqhs

sQyUm o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~ nWwQy iqQrQ@y~ sm`n vn awr kQsQm

pEq~gl@ykO @h`~ kN~d`ymk~ nWwQyt ihlQn~ @n`sQtW. @my nWwQ@y~

a`{Qpw&y @ls h#[Qn~@v|. o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pYj`@v| blwl qrN ay vEvq

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE nWwQyt anEv ktyEwO kl yEwOy. @mm blwl qrN ay

awrt v&`p`rQkyn~ sh @p`lWsQy @mn~m rjy, pYj`v sh a`gmQk

n`ykyn~q a#wOlw~@v|.

s`mk`mW @ls jWvw~vWm

ap s~}`vr r`j& kYmyk~ a#wQ s`mk`mW rtk jWvw~vWm sm|bn~{@yn~

swOtE vQy yEwOy. @vns~km| sQqEvQy yEw~@w~ s`kc|C`, s`mk`mW @ls e~w~wO

g#n~vWm sh pYj`wn~wYv`qW kQYy` m`r\gyn~t anEkSlv bv apQ vQX~v`s

krmE. mQnQ@skO@g~ mns @h`~ nWwQy @vns~ krn kYmyk~ @ls apQ

hQAs`v pYwQ@]~p krmE.

mQnQsEn~@g~ psEbQm g#n @n`wk` sQyUm ayt

gr# kQrWm

@l`v pEr`m rtvlQn~ o|s~@tY|lQy`vt mQnQsEn~ pqQAcQyt p#mQ@N~.

@b`@h`~ ay swOv vQvQ{ vQX~v`syn~ sh sm|pYq`yn~ shQw vQvQ{

sAs~k^wQk ur#myn~ a#w. ap@g~ @mm pYj`wn~wYv`qW sm`j@y~,

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE nWwQyt gr# krn w`k~ @mm vQX~v`syn~ sh sm|pYq`yn~

pQLQp#qWmtw~ @bq` hq` g#nWmtw~ apt nQqhs a#w.

ap @mm nQqhs agy krn awr ovEn~@g~ j`wQy, upn~ s~}`ny, s~wWY

pEr#; bv, lQAg sm|bn~{v a#wQ mn`py, vQv`hkk avQv`hk bv, vys,

a`b`{Qw bv, pY@v|NQy, sAs~k^wQy, @q~Xp`lny, vw~km @h`~ a`gm

@n`wk` sQyUm o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~ ekQ@nk` ht gr#w~v@yn~ yEwOv

slkn bvt a@p~]` @k@r\.

sQyUm ay@g~ @g_rvy @vnE@vn~ @mkW a@n&`~n& gr# kQrWmt apQ agy

krmE.

upk`r avX& ay ht anEkm|p`v

o|s~@tY|lQy`v wOl sh^qw~vy sm|bn~{ h#MWmk~ (spirit of ‘mateship’’) a#w. @myQn~ aqhs~ vn~@n~ upk`ryk~ avX& @v|l`vt apQ upk`r

krn awr, apt upk`r avX& vQt apt upk`r l#@bn bvw~y.

sh^q@ykO ynE @b`@h`~ avs~}`vl mQwY@ykQ, nmEw~ sm|pRr\N

a`gn~wOk@ykOq vQy h#k. sh^q@ykO vQsQn~ vysQn~ v#dQ asl~v`sQ@ykO

ht k$m @v|l`vk~ rF@gn y` h#k, @@vq&vr@ykO hmEvWmt mQwO@rkO

rF@gn y` h#k, n#wQnm| wnQ@yn~ sQtQn a@ykO b#lWmt y` h#k.

@mm sh^qw~vy sm|bn~{ h#MWm nQs` @b`@h`~ wnQ pEq~glyn~ sh

kN~d`ym| s~@v|c|C`@vn~ krn pYj` ktyEwO mgQn~ a@nk~ ayt upk`r

lb`@q~. obtq s~@v|c|C` @s~vk@ykO vQy h#k. s~@v|c|C`@vn~ ktyEwO

kQrWm @b`@h`~ swOt @gn @qn~nk~ vQy h#k. q#nEm @bq`hq` g#nWmt,

nv kOslw` i@gnWmt sh o|s~@tY|lQy`nE sm`jyt ob ayw~y yn

av@b`~{y v#dQ kr g#nWmt @my kqQm avs~}`vkQ. avX&w` a#wQ

o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~ ht sm`j a`r]N sh @vnw~ @s~v` os~@s~

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE rjy upk`r lb`@q~.

pErv#sQx`vy lb` g#nW@m| uw~sv@y~qW ob vQsQn~ o|s~@tY|lQy`nE

pYj`wn~wYv`qW vQX~v`syn~ @bq`hq` gn~n` bvtw~, o|s~@tY|lQy`nE

v#sQyn~@g~ ayQwQv`sQkm| sh nQqhst gr# krn bvtw~ pYwQZ`vk~

lb`@q~.

o|s~@tY|lQy`v pYj`wn~wYv`qW rtkQ. pYj`wn~wYv`qW r`j& p`ln kYmy anEv

pErv#sQyn~ vQsQn~ rt p`lny kQrWm s[h` nQ@y`~jQwyn~ pw~ kQrWm

nQqh@s~ sQqE krn awr pErv#sQyn~ @vnE@vn~ ovEn~ vQsQn~ nWwQ

sm|p`qny @k@r\.

o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~ s`m`k`mW bv, gr# kQrWm, nQqhs sh sm`nw`vy mw

vQX~v`sy wbyQ. o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvkO vW@m| v#qgw~ aAgyk~ nm| ob ekM

@n`vEnw~ @vnw~ ay@g~ @vns~km| sh ovEn~@g~ @w~rWm|vlt gr#

kQrWm@v|. @k`@h~ sQt p#mQNQyw~, kOmn sm|pYq`ykQn~ p#mQNQyw~, ovEn~

s~wWYn~ @h`~ pEr#;yn~ vRvw~ sQyU @qn` htm s`{`rN @ls s#lkWmw~,

sQyUm o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~ ht sm`n avs~}` lb`qWmw~ nQqh@s~ ktyEwO

kQrWmt avs}`v lb` qWmw~ @myQn~ aqhs~ @k@r\.

ap@g~ rt sh sAs~k^wQy @mm pYj`wn~wYv`qW vQX~v`syn~ mw h#dg#sW

a#wQ awr @b`@h`~ ayt o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~ vW@m| avX&w`vyk~ a#w~@w~

@m| @h~wOv nQs`y. @mm @h~wOv nQs` @mm pYj`wn~wYv`qW vQX~v`syn~ sh

sQyUm o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~ vQsQn~ gr# krn ayQwWn~ sh nQqhs av@b`~{

kr g#nWm iw`m v#qgw~@v|.

ap@g~ pYj`wn~wYv`qW vQX~v`syn~

p`r\lQ@m|n~wO pYj`wn~wYv`qy

o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| r`j& p`ln kYmy p`r\lQ@m|n~wO pYj`wn~wYv`qW kYmykQ.

@myQn~ aqhs~ vn~@n~ rt p`lny sm|bn~{@yn~ sQyUm o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~

shx`gQvn bvyQ. o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQyn~ wm`v p`r\lQ@m|n~wO@v|

nQ@y ~jny krn ay @vnE@vn~ nQwQpw` Cn~qy x`vQw` krn b#vQn~ r`j&

bly l#@bn~@n~ o|s~@tY|lQy`nE jnw`v @vwQnQ. rt p`lny kQrWmt nWwQ

sm|p`qny kQrW@m| sh @vns~ kQrW@m| bly a#w~@w~ p`r\lQ@m|n~wOvt pmNQ.

p`r\lQ@m|n~wO pYj`wn~wYv`qy a#wQ rtk, p`r\lQ@m|n~wO nQ@y`~jQwyn~ wm`

gn~n` wWrN sm|bn~{@yn~ m#wQvrN os~@s~ jnw`vt vgkQv yEwOy.

nWwQ@y~ a`{Qpw&y

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE nWwQy o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| jWvw~vn s$m @q@nkO htm v#qgw~@v|.

s`mk`mW sh kYmvw~ sm`jyk~ pvw~v` g#nWm s[h` nWwQ@y~ vtQn`km

o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~ pQLQgnW. sQyUm o|s~@tY|lQy`nE v#sQyn~ o|s~@tY|lQy`nE nWwQy

mgQn~ a`r]`vWmt hQmQkm| lbyQ.

sQyU @qn` o|s~@tY|lQy`nE nWwQyt avnw vQy yEwOy. kQsQ@vkO nWwQyt

avnw @n`vEn@h`w~, @p`lWsQy mgQn~ aw~adAgOvt gw h#kQ awr

a{QkrNy @vw y`yEwO@v|.


rj@y~ wWrNvlt sh nWwQvlt e@rhQv s`mk`mW @ls vQ@r`~{y q#k~vWmtw~

o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~ ht nQqhs a#w

ap@g~ nQqhs

k}` kQrW@m| nQqhs sh aqhs~ pYk`X kQrW@m| nQqhs

k}` kQrW@m| nQqhs mgQn~ wm` sQwn @q~ kWmtw~ lQvWmtw~, sQy aqhs~

@vnw~ ay smM s`kc|C` kQrWmtw~ id lb`@q~. k}` kQrW@m| nQqhs

mgQn~ kl`, sQnm`, sAgWw sh s`hQw&y m`{& kr@gn sQy aqhs~

pYk`X kQrWmt id lb`@q~.

ap o|n$m kr#Nk~ sm|bn~{@yn~ hQwn @q~ pEq~glQkv @h`~ pYsQq~{Q@y~

kWmtw~ lQvWmtw~ o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| apt nQqhs a#w. @k@s~vEvq, a@nk~

ayt krqr kQrWm apt kl @n`h#k.

s`vq& @c`~qn` n#gWmtw~, nWwQy k#dWmt an~ ay unn~qE kQrWmtw~,

a@nk~ ay@g~ kWr\wQyt h`nQ kQrWmtw~ apt @n`h#k. pEq~gl@ykO@g~

kWr\wQ n`my s`vq& @w`rwOr#vlQn~ a`r]` kQrWmt nWwQ a#w.

ym| a@ykO@g~ sAs~k^wQy, j`wQy @h ~ psEbQm @h~wO@vn~ a@nk~ ay lv`

@@vr kQrWm @h ~ hQAs`k`rW @ls h#sQrWmt uw~s`h kQrWm nWwQyt

pth#nQ@v|.

s`m`jWy @h`~ @q~Xp`ln s`kc|C` sm|bn~{@yn~ @p`qE @h`~ pEq~glQk

s~}`nvl mQnQsEn~ hmEvWmt apt nQqhs a#w. rjy vQ@v|cny kQrWmtw~,

rj@y~ wWrNvlt vQr#q~{v s`m`k`mW @ls vQ@r`~{w` q#k~vWmtw~, pvwQn

nWwQ @vns~ kQrWm sm|bn~{v v&`p`r @m@hyvWmtw~ apt h#k.

ap vQsQn~ a@nk~ ay@g~ k}` kQrW@m| nQqhstw~, aqhs~ pYk`X kQrW@m|

nQqhstw~ gr# kl yEwOy.

pEvw~ pw~, r$pv`hQNQy sh gOvn~ vQqElQy htq sm`n a`k`r@y~ nQqhsk~

a#w.

sm`gm| p#v#w~vW@m| nQqhs

@q~Xp`ln p]yk~, v^w~wWy smQwQyk~, a`gmQk, sAs~k^wQk @h`~

sm`jWy kN~d`ymk~ v#nQ o|n$m nWw&`nEkSl sAvQ{`nyk s`m`jQkw~vy

g#nWmt o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~ ht nQqhs a#w. e@s~m s`m`jQkw~vy @n`@gn

sQtWmt wWrNy kQrWmtq nQqhs a#w.

rj@y~ @h`~ sAvQ{`nyk kQYy` m`r\gykt vQ@r`~{y plkQrWmt an~ ay

smM ek~vWmtq o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~ ht h#kQy`v a#w. @k@s~vEvq sQyUm

vQ@r`~{w`vyn~ nWwQ@y~ r`mEv wOl vQy yEwOy. @myQn~ aqhs~ vn~@n~ @m|v`

s`m`k`mW vQy yEwO awr kQsQqE pEq~g@l@ykOt @h`~ @q~pLvlt h`nQ sQqE

@n`vn a`k`ryt sQqEvQy yEwO bvyQ.

a`gmQk nQqhs sh an`g`mQk rjyk a#wQ nQqhs

o|s~@tY|lQy`v swOv yE@qv|-kQYs~wQy`nQ ur#myk~ a#wQ awr, @b`@h`~

o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~ ovEn~v h[En~v` gn~@n~ kQYs~wQy`nEvn~ vX@ynQ. mh

sQkOr`q`, p`s~kO irQq` sh nw~wl~ qQny v#nQ kQYs~wQy`nQ qQnyn~hQ

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE rj@y~ pYsQq~{ nQv`dE qQn lb`qW a#w.

@k@s~vEvq, o|s~@tY|lQy`nE rjy an`g`mQk rjykQ. mQn~ aqhs~ vn~@n~

nQl vX@yn~ j`wQk a`gmk~ @n`m#wQ bvyQ.

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE nWwQyt pth#nQ @n`vn w`k~ qErt o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| sQtQn

mQnQsEn~ ht o|n$m a`gmk~ a#qhQy h#k. kQYs~wQy`nQ a`gm, @b_q~{

a`gm, is~l`m| a`gm, hQn~qE a`gm, yE@qv| a`gm yn a`gm|vlt

amwrv o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| @vnw~ @b`@h`~ a`gm| nQqh@s~ aqhyQ.

o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~ ht a`gmk~ aqhn~@n~ n#wQv sQtWmtq nQqhs a#w. sQy

a`gm @h`~ vQX~v`sy kOmk~ vEvq rjy mgQn~ sQyUm pErv#sQyn~ ht

ek@s~ slkyQ.

a`gm| @b`@h`~myk~ wQbWm @h~wO@vn~ o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| uq~qWp~w

bhEsAs~k^wQk sm`jyk~ bQhQ kQrWmt @h~wOvW wQ@b|.

@b`@h`~ a`gm| swOv rWwWn~ wQbENq @m|v` o|s~@tY|lQy`nE nWwWn~ @n`@v|.

uq`hrN vX@yn~, qr#vn~@g~ rFkvrNy sh @q~pL @bq` g#nWm a#wOU

qQk~ks`q lb` g#nW@m| kQYy`ptQp`tQy, o|s~@tY|lQy`nE p`r\lQ@m|n~wOv vQsQn~

sm|mw krn lq nWwQyt anEkSlv vQy yEwOy. sQyUm o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~

ht @mm nWwQ mgQn~ a`r]`v lb` g#nWmt ayQwQy a#w. ek avs~}`vk

ek~ a@ykOt vd` v#dQ @q@nkO smM vQv`hvWm v#nQ smhr a`gmQk sh

sAs~k^wQk pEhENE o|s~@tY|lQy`nE nWwQyt pth#nQy.


s~wWY pEr#; s#mt yE{ hmEq`vt, n`vQk hmEq`vt sh gOvn~ hmEq`vt b#[Wmt h#kQy`v a#w

o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| sQtQn ay ht o|n$m a`gmk~ a#qhWmt nQqhs a#w

sQyUm o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~ ht vQX~v vQq&`lyt y`@m| avs~}`v a#w

ap@g~ sm`n`w~mw`vy

o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| a#wQ sm`n`w~mw`vy

s~wWY pEr#; bv, j`wQy, a`b`{Qw bv @h`~ vys @h~wO@vn~ kQsQ@vkO ht

@vns~ a`k`rykt @n`slkn bv whvEr# kQrWm s[h` o|s~@tY|lQy`@v|

nWwQ gNn`vk~ a#w.

s~wWYn~ sh pEr#;yn~ awr sm`n`w~mw`vy

o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| s~wWYn~ sh pEr#;yn~ ht sm`n ayQwQv`sQkm| a#w. s~wWY

pEr#;x`vy @h~wO@vn~ @vnskt lk~ kQrWm o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| nWwQyt

pth#nQy.

vQv`hy v#nQ pEq~glQk k`rN` sm|bn~{@yn~ s~wWY pEr#; @qp`r\Xvytm

sQy s~v`{Wn wWrN g#nW@m| ayQwQy a#wQ awr wr\jny kQrWm @h`~

hQAs`@vn~ a`r]` kQrWmt nWwQ pYwQp`qn a#w.

s~wWY pEr#; @qp`r\Xvytm a{&`pny sh rFkWr]` sm|bn~{@yn~ sm`n

avs~}` a#w. s~wWY pEr#; @qp`r\Xvytm Cn~qy p`vQc|cQ kQrWmtw~

p`r\lQ@m|n~wO m#wQvrNyt shx`gQvWmtw~ h#k. s~wWY pEr#;

@qp`r\Xvytm o|s~@tY|lQy`nE a`r]k hmEq`vt sh @p`lWsQyt b#[Wmt

h#k. a{QkrNy iqQrQ@y~ s~wWY pEr#; @qp`r\Xvytm sm`n a`k`ryt

slkyQ.

sm`n avs~}` l#bWm

ap sm`j@y~ pAwQ @vnsk~ a#wQ bv o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~ vQX~v`s @n`kryQ.

e~ @vnEvt, @k`@h~ gQyw~ s`{`rNy a#wQ s`{`rN sm`jyk~ a#wQ bvt

apQ vQX~v`s krmE. @myQn~ aqhs~ vn~@n~ ym| a@ykO jWvQw@y~ lb` gn~n`

o|n$m @qyk~ sQy qhdQy mhn~sQ@yn~ sh q]kmQn~ lb` gn~n` @q~vl~

mQs ovEn~@g~ {ny @h`~ psEbQm @h~wO@vn~ lb` gn~n` e~v` @n`vQy yEwO

bvyQ. uq`hrN vX@yn~, ym| a@ykO rFkQy`vk~ @h`~ uss~vWmk~ l#bQy

yEw~@w~ sQy nQpENw`vy, h#kQy`v @h`~ pLpEr#q~q mw mQsk sQy psEbQm

mw @n`@v|.

sQy qhdQy mhn~sQ@yn~ sh q]k@mn~ v&`p`ryn~hQ, v^w~wWyn~hQ, kl`

@l`v, rj@y~ @s~v@y~ sh kWYd` @]~wY@y~ pYmEKyn~vR nv sAkYmNQkyn~

sm|bn~{ k}` @b`@h`~myk~ o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| a#w.


@fdrl~, pY`n~w @h`~ sn~wk pY@q~X sh pL`w~ p`ln a`ywn sm|bn~{ m#wQvrNvlqW

Cn~qy p`vQc|cQ kQrWm mgQn~ ap@g~ aqhs~ pYk`X kl h#k

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQyn~ ht a#wQ vgkWm|

sh vrpYs`q

o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| s~}Qr @n~v`sQk@ykO vX@yn~ ob q#ntmw~ nQqhs~ sh

pYj`wn~wYv`qW sm`jyk jWvw~vW@m| vrpYs`qy xOk~wQ vQ[QmQn~ sQtW. ob

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQ@ykO vRvQt obt nv vgkWm| a#wQ@v|. obt nv

pYwQl`xyn~q l#@bnE a#w.

vgkWm| - ob vQsQn~ o|s~@tY|lQy`vt lb` @qn@q~

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQ@ykO vX@yn~ ob phw @q~ kl yEwOy:

• •nWwQyt avnw vWm

• •@fdrl~, sh pY`n~w @h`~ sn~wk pY@q~X m#wQvrNvlqQ

sh jnmw vQc`rNykqW Cn~qy p`vQc|cQ kQrWm

• •avX& avs~}`vk o|s~@tY|lQy`v a`r]` kQrWm

• •k#[vE avs~}`vk jRrQ @s~vyt shx`gQvWm.

vrpYs`q - o|s~@tY|lQy`v mgQn~ obt lb`@qn @q~

o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvkO vX@yn~ obt phw ayQwWn~ a#w:

• •@fdrl~, sh pY`n~w @h`~ sn~wk pY@q~X m#wQvrNvlqQ

sh jnmw vQc`rNykqW Cn~qy p`vQc|cQ kQrWm

• •o|s~@tY|lQy`nE r`j& @s~v@y~ @h`~ o|s~@tY|lQy`nE a`r]k

hmEq`@v| r`jk`rQ kQrWmt ayqEm| kQrWm

• •p`r\lQ@m|n~wOvt @w`~r` pw~vWmt a@p~]` kQrWm

• •o|s~@tY|lQy`nE gmn~ blpwYykt ayqEm| kQrWm sh

o|s~@tY|lQy`vt nQqh@s~ n#vw a#wOUvWm

• •vQ@q~Xyk sQtQn vQt o|s~@tY|lQy`nE nQl{`rQ@ykO@gn~ upk`r

lb` g#nWm

• •vQ@q~Xvl upn~ qr#vn~ upwQn~ o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~ vX@yn~

lQy`pqQAcQ kQrWm.

vgkWm|

nWwQyt avnwvWm

kYmvw~, nQqhs~ sh a`r]`k`rW sm`jyk~ pvw~v` g#nWmtw~,

ap@g~ ayQwQv`sQkm| a`r]` kQrWmtw~ rj@y~ sQtQn ap@g~ nQ@y`~jQw@y`~

nWwQ sm|p`qny krwQ. sQyUm o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~ vQsQn~ o|s~@tY|lQy`nE

p`r\lQ@m|n~wOv, pY`n~w sh sn~wk pY@q~X p`r\lQ@m|n~wO sh pL`w~ p`ln

a`ywn mgQn~ pnvn nWwQvlt avnw vQy yEwOy.

o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| smhr v#qgw~ nWwQ sm|bn~{ v#dQqEr vQs~wr 3 vn

@k`t@s~, rjy sh o|s~@tY|lQy`nE nWwQy @k`tsQn~ lb` gw h#k.

@fdrl~, sh pY`n~w @h`~ sn~wk pY@q~X

m#wQvrNvlqQ sh jnmw vQc`rNykqW Cn~qy

p`vQc|cQ kQrWm

sQyUm o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQyn~ ht Cn~qy p`vQc|cQ kQrWm v#qgw~

ayQwQv`sQkmk~ @mn~m v#qgw~ vgkWmk~q@v|. ap Cn~qy p`vQc|cQ

krn~@n~ p`r\lQ@m|n~wO@v|qW apv nQ@y`~jny kQrWmt ap k#mwQ ay

@vnE@vn~y. @m@s~ Cn~qy p`vQc|cQ kQrWm mgQn~ rt p`lny kQrWm

sm|bn~{@yn~ apt hVk~ a#wQ vn awr o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| an`gwy

sm|bn~{@yn~ ap@g~ q`ykw~vyq lb` qQy h#kQ vnE a#w.

pErv#sQ@ykO vX@yn~ @fdrl~ sh pY`n~w @h`~ sn~wk pY@q~X

m#wQvrNvlqW obt nQwQpw` Cn~qy p`vQc|cQ kQrWmt sQqEvnE a#w.

kl`wOrkQn~, o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| a`N~dEkYm v&vs~}`v @vns~ kQrWm s[h` vn

jnmw vQc`rNykqW obt Cn~qy p`vQc|cQ kQrWmt sQqEvnE a#w.

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE a`N~dEkYm v&vs~}`v sm|bn~{ v#dQqEr vQs~wr 3 vn

@k`t@s~ rjy sh o|s~@tY|lQy`nE nWwQy @k`tsQn~ lb`gw h#k.

vys avEr#qE 18 @h`~ It v#dQ o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQyn~ Cn~q hQmQ

n`m@l~KN@y~ nm sh lQpQny lQy`pqQAcQ kl yEwOy. ob@g~ nm Cn~q

hQmQ n`m@l~KNyt a#wOlw~ klvQt, vys avEr#qE 18 @h`~ It v#dQ

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQyn~ vQsQn~ @fdrl~ sh pY`n~w @h`~ sn~wk pY@q~X

m#wQvrNvlqW Cn~qy p`vQc|cQ kQrWm anQv`r\&@v|.

smhr pYn~wyn~hQ pL`w~ p`ln a`ywn sm|bn~{ m#wQvrNvlqW Cn~qy

p`vQc|cQ kQrWm anQv`r\& @n`@v|.

avX&w`vyk~ a#wQvR vQt o|s~@tY|lQy`v a`r]` kQrWm

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE a`r]k hmEq`@v| @s~vy kQrWm s~@v|c|C` vn awr,

avX&w`vyk~ a#wQvR vQt o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQyn~ vQsQn~ o|s~@tY|lQy`v a`r]`

kQrWmt sh ehQ jWvn rt`v a`r]` kQrWmt k#pvWm iw` v#qgw~@v|.


k#[vE avs~}`vk jRrQ @s~vyt shx`gQvWm

jRrQ@y~ @s~vy kQrWm vys avEr#qE 18 t @h`~ It v#dQ o|s~@tY|lQy`nE

pErv#sQyn~@g~ vgkWmkQ. jRrQy ynE a{QkrN ndEvkqW s`]Qvlt svn~qW

ym| a@ykO ahQAskq n#wQnm| v#rqQkr#@vkOq yn~n wWrNy krn

s`m`n& o|s~@tY|lQy`nE k`n~w`vn~ sh pQrQmQn~@gn~ smn~vQw kN~d`ymkQ.

Cn~q hQmQ n`m @l~KN@y~ sQtQn o|n$m o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQ@ykOv jRrQ

ktyRwO kQrWmt k#[vQy h#k.

a{QkrN kYmy vQv^w sh s`{`rN bv shwQk kQrWmt jRrQ @s~vy

upk`r@v|.

vrpYs`q

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE r`j& @s~v@y~ sh o|s~@tY|lQy`nE a`r]

k hmEq`@v| @s~vyt ayqEm| kQrWm

ob o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQ@ykO nm|, o|s~@tY|lQy`nE r`j& @s~vyt sm|bn~{vW

v#d kQrWmt ayqEm| kl h#k. @m|v`t uq`hrN nm| @sn~tr\lQn~k

(Centrelink)~, @mdQ@ky` (Medicare) @h ~ o|s~@tY|lQy`nE bqE k`r\&`ly

(Australian Taxation Office).

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQyn~ ht o|s~@tY|lQy`nE a`r]k hmEq`@v| rFkQy`vk

nQyEwO vWmt ayqEm| kQrW@m| ayQwQyq a#w (yE{ hmEq`v, n`vQk hmEq`v sh

gOvn~ hmEq`v).

p`r\lQ@m|n~wOvt @w`~r` pw~vWmt iqQrQpw~vWm

vys avEr#qE 18 @h`~ It v#dQ o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQyn~ ht @fdrl~,

pY`n~w sh sn~wk pY@q~X m#wQvrNvlqW p`r\lQ@m|n~wOvt @w`~r`

pw~vWmt iqQrQpw~ vQy h#k. o|s~@tY|lQy`nE p`r\lQ@m|n~wOvk ktyEwO kQrWmt

avs~}`v l#bWm @g_rvyk~ @mn~m v#qgw~ vgkWmkQ.

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE gmn~ blpwYykt ayqEm| kQrWm sh

o|s~@tY|lQy`vt nQqh@s~ n#vw a#wOUvWm

ob o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQykO vRvQt, obt o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| nQqh@s~

jWvw~vWmt ayQwQyk~ a#w.

obt o|s~@tY|lQy`nE gmn~ blpwYykt ayqEm| kQrWmt ayQwQyk~ a#w.

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQykO vX@yn~ obt nQqh@s~ vQ@q~X rtvlt @g`s~

n#vw o|s~@tY|lQy`vt p#mQNQy h#k. obt n#vw o|s~@tY|lQy`vt p#mQNWmt

vWs` blpwYyk~ avX& @n`@v|.

vQ@q~Xyk sQtQn vQt o|s~@tY|lQy`nE nQl{`rQ@ykO@gn~

upk`r lb` g#nWm

@b`@h`~ rtvl, o|s~@tY|lQy`nE w`n`pwQ k`r\&`lyk~, mh` @k`ms`rQs~

k`r\&`lyk~ @h`~ @k`n~sQyE@l~t| k`r\&`lyk~ a#w. ob vQ@q~Xyk sQtQn vQt

avX& avs~}`vk ev#nQ nQl{`rQykO@gn~ upk`r il~l` sQtQy h#k.

@mm hqQsQ avs~}`vlt, r@t| klblk`rW avs~}`vn~ sh s~v`x`vQk

v&`snyn~ a#wOlw~@v|. @mm nQl{`rWn~ ht hqQsQ gmn~ blpwY lb` qQy

h#kQ awr hqQsQ anwOr#, qr#NE asnWp @h`~ mrN v#nQ avs~}`vl

up@qs~ sh upk`r lb`qQy h#kQy.

ob @vnw~ rtk sQtQn vQt em r@thQ nWwQyt avnw vQy yEwOy.

vQ@q~Xvl upn~ qr#vn~ upwQn~ o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~

vX@yn~ lQy`pqQAcQ kQrWm

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQyn~ ht vQ@q~Xvl upn~ qr#vn~ sQtQy h#k. ovEn~t

sQy qr#vn~ o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQyn~ @ls lQy`pqQAcQ kl h#k. @mm

qr#vn~ ht e@s~ lQy`pqQAcQ kQrW@mn~ psE @mrt upn~ qr#vn~t a#wQ

pErv#sQ ayQwQv`sQkm| sh vgkWm| a#wQ@v|.

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE sm`j@y~ ktyEwOvlt

shx`gQvWm

sQyUm pErv#sQyn~ ht s`m`jWy ktyEwOvlt shx`gQ vn @ls

o|s~@tY|lQy`v unn~qE kryQ. s`m`jWy ktyEwOvlt shx`gQ vn pErv#sQyn~

o|s~@tY|lQy`vt nn~ ayErQn~ q`ykw~vy qk~vyQ. obt asl~v`sWn~ smM

sh pL`@w~ pYj` v#dvlt sm|bn~{ vQy h#k. s`m`jWy sh pYj` v#d

kQrWmt obt s~@v|c|C`@vn~ shx`gQ vQy h#k. obt kl` @h`~ sAs~k^wQk

sAvQ{`nykt sm|bn~{ vQy h#k. obt skWYy @ls @q~Xp`ln

ktyEwOvltq shx`gQ vQy h#k.

ob o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pYj`v @vw @klQn~m q`ykw~vy qk~vn wvw~ v#qgw~

kYmyk~ vn~@n~ bqE @gvWm mgQnQ. ob bqE @gvn~@n~ rFkQy`vkQn~ @h`~

v&`p`rykQn~ @h`~ a`@y`~jn vlQn~ upyn mEql~ sm|bn~{@ynQ.

o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~ xOk~wQ vQ[Qn @b`@h ~ pYwQl`x xOk~wQ vQ[Wm phsEvW a#w~@w~

bqE @h~wO@vnQ. bqE mEql~ vQyqm| krn~@n~ @s_K&y, a{&`pny, a`r]`v,

mh` m`r\g sh qEm|rQy sh sm`j a`r]N yn @s~v` s[h`y. ob v#d

kQrWm sh bqE @gvWm mgQn~ o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pYj`v ht @mm v#qgw~ @s~v`

s#pyWmt rjyt upk`r kl h#k. aq @mm r@thQ wQ@bn s`m`k`mW bv

sh sm^q~{Qy s[h` @mm @s~v` upk`r@v|. @s~v` s[h` @gvWm s[h`

pY n~w sh sn~wk pY@q~Xq, pL`w~ p`ln a`ywnq bqE rFs~ kryQ.

bqE @gvWm nWwQ@y~ avX&w`vykQ. v&`p`r sh pEq~glyn~@gn~

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE bqE k`r\&`ly (ATO) bqE rFs~ kryQ. sQyUm pErv#sQyn~ sQy

bqE ayQwWn~ sh nQsQ pYm`Nyt bqE @gvW@m| vgkWm sm|bn~{v q#nEvw~ bv

whvEr# kQrWmt ATO mgQn~ avX& ktyEwO sQqE kryQ.

22 o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQx`vy: ap@g~ @p`qE b#[Wm





ovEn~@g~ nWwWn~ m` pQLQgn~n` sh gr# krn bvtw~, @qvQyn~ vhn~@s~ iqQrQ@y~ pYwQZ` @qmQ, *


3 vn @k`ts

rjy sh o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| nWwQy

3 vn @k`ts – rjy sh o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| nWwQy 23


pErv#sQx`vy lb` g#nW@m| uw~sv@y~qW, o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| nWwQy rFkg#nWm sh eyt avnw vn bvt ob vQsQn~ pYwQZ`vk~ lb`@q~. o|s~@tY|lQy`nE r`j&

kYmy, ap@g~ p`r\lQ@m|n~wO pYj`wn~wYv`qy wOl nWwQy sm|p`qny krn a`k`ry sh @mm nWwQ prQp`lny krn a`k`ry sm|bn~{@yn~ av@b`~{ kr

g#nWm obt v#qgw~@v|. ob r@thQ pErv#sQ@ykO vX@yn~ rt p`lny kQrWm sm|bn~{@yn~ obt a#wQ hV sm|bn~{@yn~ q#ng#nWmq v#qgw~@v|.

m`@g~ hV ngn~@n~ @k@s~q?

Cn~qy p`vQc|cQ kQrWm mgQn~

o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| vys avEr#qE 18 sh It v#dQ pErv#sQyn~ @fdrl~

m#wQvrNykqW Cn~qy p`vQc|cQ kQrWmt lQy`pqQAcQ vQy yEwOy. Cn~qy

p`vQc|cQ kQrWm mgQn~ obv nQ@y`~jny kQrWmt p`r\lQ@m|n~wO@v|

sQtQn~@n~ kvEr#n~q yn~n obt wWrNy kl h#k. ob nQsQ @ls

lQy`pqQAcQ vW n#wQnm|, m#wQvrNykqW obt Cn~qy p`vQc|cQ kQrWmt

@n`h#kQ vnE a#w.

ob Cn~qhQmQ n`m@l~KNyt a#wOlw~vR vQt, o|s~@tY|lQy`nE @fdrl~

sh pY`n~w @h`~ sn~wk pY@q~X m#wQvrNvlqW Cn~qy p`vQc|cQ kQrWm

anQv`r\&@v|. ob m#wQvrNykqW Cn~qy p`vQc|cQ k@l~ @n`m#wQ nm| sh

Cn~qy p`vQc|cQ @n`kQrWmt @h`[ @h~wOvk~ @n`wQbENQ nm|, ob ht qdyk~

@gvWmt sQqE@v|. Cn~qy p`vQc|cQ kQrWm anQv`r\& kQrWm mgQn~ ap @w`~r`

gn~n` ay, ap@g~ bhEwry k#mwQ ay vn bvt shwQk@v|.

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE m#wQvrN @k`mQsm (Australian Electoral Commission (AEC)) @k`mn~@vl~w~ rj@y~ a`ywnykQ. @m| mgQn~

@fdrl~ m#wQvrN sh jnmw vQc`rN pvw~vn awr

@k`mn~@vl~w~ rj@y~ Cn~q hQmQ n`m @l~KNy pvw~v` @gn yyQ. @m|

mgQn~ Cn~qq`ykyn~ ht s`{`rN sh avAk m#wQvrN lb`@q~. @my

rj@yn~ s~v`{Wn@v|. @mhQ wWrNvlt @q~Xp`ln p]vlt @h`~ rj@y~

sQtQn ay ht blp$m| kl @n`h#k. Cn~qy rhs~ Cn~q a`k`ryt pYk`X

krn b#vQn~ obt k#mwQ o|n$m a@p~]k@ykOt Cn~qy p`vQc|cQ kl

h#k. ob Cn~qy pYk`X krn~@n~ k` htq yn~n kQsQ@vkOtw~ q#kQy

@n`h#k. ob Cn~qy lb` qEn~@n~ k` htq yn~n an~ ayt kQv h#kQ

vEvq, e@s~ kQyn @ls kQsQ a@ykOt ob ht bl kl @n`h#k.

ob@g~ p`r\lQ@m|n~wO nQ@y ~jQwy` smM obt a#wQ

pYX~nyk~ mwOkl h#k

o|s~@tY|lQy`@v|, ob vQsQn~ @w`~r` pw~kr gw~ nQ@y`~jQwy`@gn~ obt a#wQ

pYX~nyk~ a#sWmt ayQwQy obt a#w. nv nWwQ sm|p`qn@y~qW @h`~ pvwQn

nWwQ @vns~ kQrW@m|qW ob@g~ aqhs~ s#lkQl~lt gw h#k. uq`hrN

vX@yn~ sAkYmN kYmy qQyENE kQrWm sm|bn~{@yn~ obt @y`~jn`vk~

a#wQnm|, ob@g~ pY@q~X@y~ p`r\lQ@m|n~wO mn~wWY smM @my s`kc|C`

kQrWmt hmEvWmk~ sRq`nm| kr gw h#k. ob@g~ aqhs~ qk~v` lQpQyk~

lQvWmtq obt h#kQy.

@m| a`k`ryt, rj@y~ nWwQy sh pYwQpw~wQ sks~ kQrWm sm|bn~{@yn~ ob

ht hVk~ a#w.

ap@g~ r`j& kYmy ap sks` gw~@w~

@k@s~q?

@fd@r\;Ny

1901 t @pr o|s~@tY|lQy`v @vn~vE, s~vyA p`ln bQYw`n& ytw~ vQjQw

hyk~ vX@yn~ p#vwQN.

ek~ ek~ ytw~ vQjQwy wOl, sQy a`N~dEkYm v&vs~}`v sh a`r]`v,

sAkYmN nWwQy, w#p#l~, @vL[ sh pYv`hny sm|bn~{ sQy nWwQ

p#vwQNQ.

@h~wO gNn`vk~ mw ytw~ vQjQw sQyl~lm ekm o|s~@tY|lQy`vk~ kQrWmt

mQnQsEn~t avX&vQy. ytw~ vQjQw awr @vLq`m sh pYv`hny vQyqm|

a{Qk sh mn~qg`mW vQy. @q~X sWm` os~@s~ nWwQy kQYy`w~mk kQrWm qE;~kr

vQy. @vnw~ ytw~ vQjQwvl a`r]k kYmq qEr\vl vQy. vd`w~m v#qgw~

@ls, o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| j`wQk ann&w`vy @g`dn#gWm a`rm|xvW wQbQNQ.

kWYd` kN~d`ym| j`w&n~wr vX@yn~ nQ@y`~jny krmQn~ sQtQ awr jnpQYy

sQAqE, kvQ, k}`n~qr sh kl` @]~wYvl e~kWy o|s~@tY|lQy`nE sAs~k^wQyk~

@g`d n#@gmQn~ p#vwQNQ.

j`wQy ek~sw~ kQrWm x`rqRr k`r\&yk~ vEvq, k`lyk~ wQs~@s~ ek~

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE j`wQyk~ yn aqhs y}`r\}yk~ bvt pw~vQy. o|s~@tY|lQy`nE

j`wQy vQp~lv@yn~ @h`~ @l~ v#gQrW@mn~ bQhQ @n`vW s`kc|C`@vn~ sh

jnmw vQc`rN@yn~ bQhQvWm sm|bn~{@yn~ o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~ a`dm|br@v|.

1901 jnv`rQ 1 vn qQn, ytw~ vQjQw pY`n~w vlQn~ smn~vQw

@fd@r\;Nyk~ bvt o|s~@tY|lQy`v pw~vR awr @my @k`mn~@vl~w~ of~

o|s~@tY|lQy` (Commonwealth of Australia) @ls h[En~vyQ.


o|s~@tY|lQy`nE a`N~dEkYm v&vs~}`v

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE rj@y~ mRlQk rWwWn~ qk~v` a#wQ nWw&`nEkSl lQyvQl~l 1900

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE a`N~dEkYm v&vs~}` pnw@v| (Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act 1900). o|s~@tY|lQy`nE a`N~dEkYm

v&vs~}`v pY}m@yn~m 1900 bQYw`n& p`r\lQ@m|n~wO pnw (British Act of Parliament in 1900) vX@yn~ sm|mw krgn~n` lqW. 1901

jnv`rQ 1 vn qQn a`N~dEkYm v&vs~}`v bl`w~mk vR vQt o|s~@tY|lQy`nE

ytw~ vQjQw @k`mn~@vl~w~ of~ o|s~@tY|lQy` (Commonwealth of Australia) @lsQn~ ek~ s~v`{Wn r`j&yk~ bvt pw~vQy.

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE a`N~dEkYm v&vs~}`v mgQn~ mhjn mn~wWY mN~dlykQn~

sh @s@nt| sx`vkQn~ yEw~ o|s~@tY|lQy`nE p`r\lQ@m|n~wOv pQhQtEvn lqW.

a`N~dEkYm v&vs~}`v mgQn~ o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| nWwWn~ aq`l kr g#nWmt sh

ar\} nQr$pNy kQrWmt bly a#wQ o|s~@tY|lQy`nE @X~Y;~T`{QkrNyk~

(High Court of Australia) pQhQtEvn lqW.

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE a`N~dEkYm v&vs~}`v @vns~ kl h#k~@k~ jnmw vQc`rNy

n#m#wQ vQ@X~; Cn~qykQn~ pmNQ.

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE a`N~dEkYm v&vs~}`v jnmw vQc`rNykqW @vns~

kQrWmt, bhEwr @qkk~ avX&@v|. @myQn~ aqhs~ vn~@n~ pY`n~w v#dQ

pYm`Nyk sQtQn v#dQ pYm`Nyk Cn~qq`ykyn~ sh rt pEr`m bhEwr

Cn~qq`ykyn~q @mm @vnst Cn~qy pYk`X klyEwO bvyQ.

rj@y~ bly p`lny krn~@n~ @k@s~q?

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE a`N~dEkYm v&vs~}`v mgQn~ rj@y~ aAX wOnk~ aw@r\

bly @bq`qW a#w. @myQn~ sQqEvn~@n~ ek~ pEq~glykO @h`~ ek~ pEq~gl

kN~d`ymk~ vQsQn~ o|s~@tY|lQy`v p`lny kQrW@m| sm|pRr\N bly lb` g#nWm

n#v#w~vWmyQ.

v&vs~}`q`yk bly

nWwQy sm|p`qny kQrW@m| sh @vns~ kQrW@m| bly p`r\lQ@m|n~wOvt

a#w. p`r\lQ@m|n~wOv s$qW a#w~@w~ o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQyn~ vQsQn~

@w`~r` pw~kr gn~n` nQ@y`~jQwyn~@gnQ.

vQ{`yk bly

vQ{`yk bly ynE nWwQy kQYy`vt n#gWmt avX& blyyQ.

vQ{`ykyt a#wOlw~ vn~@n~ o|s~@tY|lQy`nE rj@y~ am`w&vr#n~ sh

agY`N~dEk`rvry`y. ek~ ek~ am`w&vry` rj@y~ @qp`r\w@m|n~wO

ekk~ @h`~ v#dQ sAK&`vk~ sm|bn~{@yn~ vgkWm qryQ.

a{QkrN bly

nWwQy ar\} nQr$pNyt sh nWwQy aq`l kr g#nWmt

vQnQX~cyk`rvr#n~t bly a#w. a{QkrN sh vQnQX~cyk`rvr#n~,

p`r\lQ@m|n~wOv sh rj@yn~ s~v`{Wn@v|.

@mm blwl o|s~@tY|lQy`nE a`N~dEkYm v&vs~}`@v| lQy` a#w.

o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| r`j& n`yky` kvEr#n~q?

o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| r`j& n`yQk`v vn~@n~ o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| mh rFjQN vn

awQgr# @qvn elQs@bw~ mh r#jQN@v|.

mh rFjQN ht o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| eqQ@nq` r`j& p`ln@y~ k`r\& x`ryk~

@n`m#w. mh rFjQN vQsQn~ a#y@g~ nQ@y`~jQwy` vX@yn~

o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| agY`m`w&vry`@g~ up@qs~ mw agY`N~dEk`rvry`v pw~

kryQ. agY`N~dEk`rvry` sQyUm @q~Xp`ln p]vlQn~ s~v`{Wnv ktyEwO

kryQ.

agY`N~dEk`rvry`@g~ wnwOrt sm`n a`k`ryt mh rFjQNv nQ@y`~jny

krn a`N~dEk`rvr@yk~ ek~ ek~ pY`n~wy wOl sQtW.

a`N~dEkYm v&vs~}` r`j`N~dE kYmy

(Constitutional monarchy)

o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| a`N~dEkYm v&vs~}` r`j`N~dE kYmyk~ a#w. a`N~dEkYm

v&vs~}` r`j`N~dE kYmyk~ a#wQ rtk r`j& n`yky` vX@yn~ r@jkO @h`~

rFjQNk sQtQyq, em ay a`N~dEkYm v&vs~}`vt anEv ktyEwO kl yEwOy.

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE p`r\lQ@m|n~wO pYj`wn~wYv`qW kYmy qXk kQhQpyk~ pEr`

vr\{ny vENE bQYw`n& kYmy mw pqnm|vW a#w. o|s~@tY|lQy`nE kYmy wOl

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE rj@y~ n`yky` agY`m`w&vry`y.

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE a`N~dEkYm v&vs~}`v

3 vn @k`ts –– rjy sh o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| nWwQy 25

agY`N~dEk`rvry`@g~ k`r\& x`ry

agY`N~dEk`rvry` phw ktyEwO itE kryQ:

• o|s~@tY|lQy`nE p`r\lQ@m|n~wOv mgQn~ sm|mw krn pnw~ @ktEm| pw~

aw~sn~ kr nWwQ bvt pw~ kQrWm (@my r`jkWy anEm#wQy qWm

(Royal Assent) ynE@vn~ h#[Qn~@v|)

• •@rgOl`sQvlt aw~sn~ kQrWm

• •uw~svvlt aq`l r`jk`rQ itEkQrWm

• •o|s~@tY|lQy`nE rjy sh ehQ am`w&vr#, @fdrl~ vQnQX~cykr#vn~

sh @vnw~ nQl{`rWn~@g~ pw~kQrWm| anEmw kQrWm.

agY`N~dEk`rvry` swOv ‘@vn~krn lq blwl’ @ls h#qQn~@vn vQ@X~;Qw

avs~}`vl pmNk~ x`vQw` kl h#kQ vQ@X~; blwlq a#w.

o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| n`ykyn~ kvEr#n~q?

r`j& n`yky`

o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| mh rFjQN

agY`N~dEk`rvry`

o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| r`j& n`yky`@g~ nQ@y`~jQwy`

a`N~dEk`rvry`

ek~ ek~ pY`n~w r`j&vl r`j& n`ykyn~@g~ nQ@y`~jQwyn~

agY`m`w&

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE rj@y~ n`yky`

pY`n~w r`j& agm#wQ (Premier)pY`n~w r`j& n`yky`

mh` a#mwQ (Chief Minister)sn~wk pY@q~Xyk n`yky`

rj@y~ am`w&vry`

rj@y~ n`yky` vQsQn~ ym| r`j& p`ln @]~wYyk vgkWm sm|bn~{@yn~

@w`~r`gnE lbn p`r\lQ@m|n~wO mn~wWYvr@yk~

p`r\lQ@m|n~wO mn~wWY

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE jnw`v nQ@y`~jny krn o|s~@tY|lQy`nE p`r\lQ@m|n~wOvt

Cn~q@yn~ pw~vR nQ@y`~jQw@yk~ ~

@s@nt| sxQk

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE p`r\lQ@m|n~wO@v| sQtQn pY`n~w r`j&yk @h`~ sn~wk

pY@q~Xyk Cn~q@yn~ pw~vR nQ@y`~jQw@yk~

ngr`{QpwQ @h`~ @k`~rL sx`pwQ (Shire President)pL`w~ p`ln a`ywnyk n`yky`

pL`w~ sxQk

pL`w~ p`ln a`ywnyk Cn~q@yn~ pw~vR nQ@y`~jQw@yk~

o|s~@tY|lQy`v p`lny vn~@n~ @k@s~q?

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE rjy

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE rjy, @fdrl~ rjy (Federal Government) @h`~

@k`mn~@vl~w~ rjy (Commonwealth Government) @lsq

h#[Qn~@v|.

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE p`r\lQ@m|n~wO@v| mn~wYN sx` @qkk~ a#w:

• •nQ@y`~jQw mn~wWY mN~dly (House of Representatives)

• @s@nt| sx`v (Senate).

mn~wYN sx` @q@khQm mn~wWYvr#n~ @fdrl~ m#wQvrNykqW @klQn~m

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE mhjnw`v vQsQn~ @w`~r`pw~kr gnW. ob @fdrl~

m#wQvrNykqW Cn~qy lb`@qn vQt ob s`m`n&@yn~ mn~wYN sx`

@qktm nQ@y`~jQwyn~ @w`~ryQ.

k#n~br`hQ p#rNQ p`r\lQ@m|n~wO mn~qQry (Old Parliament House) vQv^w krn

lq~@q~ 1927 qWy

k#n~br`hQ nv p`r\lQ@m|n~wO mn~qQry (New Parliament House) vQv^w krn

lq~@q~ 1988 qWy


nQ@y`~jQw mn~wYW mN~dly

@s@nt| sx`v

nQ@y`~jQw mn~wYW mN~dly

(House of Representatives)nQ@y`~jQw mn~wYW mN~dly smhr avs~}`vl phL mn~wWY mN~dly @h`~

jnw` mn~wWY mN~dly @ls h[En~vyQ.

o|s~@tY|lQy`v @fdrl~ m#wQvrN @k`t|T`Xvlt @bq` a#w. ek~ ek~

m#wQvrN @k`t|T`Xvl sQtQn o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~ wm`v mhjn mn~wYW

mN~dl@y~ nQ@y`~jny kQrWmt ek~ pEq~gl@ykO ht Cn~qy lb`@q~.

nQ@y`~jQwy` h[En~vn~@n~ p`r\lQ@m|n~wO mn~wWY vX@ynQ (MP).

ek~ ek~ pY n~wy sh sn~wk pY@q~Xyt aq`l mn~wWYvr#n~ sAK&`v wWrNy

vn~@n~ jnghN@y~ pYm`Ny anEvy. o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQyn~ nQ@y ~jQw

mn~wWY mN~dlyt nQ@y ~jQwyn~ 150 @q@nkO @w ~r` pw~kr gnW.

nQ@y`~jQw mn~wWY mN~dl@y~ v#qgw~ k`r\& x`ry vn~@n~ nv nWwQ @h`~

pvwQn nWwQvlt @gn en @vns~km| sm|bn~{ @y`~jn` slk` bl`,

vQv`q kr, Cn~qy lb` qWmyQ. nQ@y`~jQw mn~wWY mN~dl@y~ s`m`jQkyn~

j`wQk v#qgw~kmkQn~ yEw~ kr#NEq slk` blyQ.

@s@nt| sx`v (Senate)

@s@nt| sx`v smhr avs~}`vl uw~wr mn~wWY mN~dly, vQmr\;N

mn~wWY mN~dly @h`~ r`j& mn~wYN sx`v @lsq h[En~vyQ.

jnghN@y~ vQX`lw~vy @n`slk`, pY`n~wyn~ @s@nt| sx`@v|

nQ@y`~jny@v|. ek~ ek~ pY`n~wy mgQn~ nQ@y`~jQwyn~ 12 @q@nk~ @w`~r`

pw~kr gnW. sn~wk pY@q~X @qk mgQn~ nQ@y`~jQwyn~ @q@qn` b#gQn~ pw~

kryQ. sm|pRr\N vX@yn~ nQ@y`~jQwyn~ 76 @q@nkO @w`~r` pw~kr gn~n`

awr ovEn~ @s@nt| sxQkyn~ (Senators) @ls h[En~vyQ.

nv nWwQ @h ~ pvwQn nWwQvlt @gn en @vns~km| sm|bn~{ @y ~jn`

slk` bl`, vQv`q kr, Cn~qy lb`qWm @s@nt| sxQkyn~ vQsQn~q sQqE kryQ.

@s@nt| sxQkyn~ vQsQn~ j`wQk v#qgw~kmkQn~ yEw~ kr#NEq slk` blyQ.

pY`n~w sh sn~wk pY@q~X rjyn~

o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| pY`n~w r`j& hyk~ sh sn~wk pY@q~X @qkk~ a#w. s$m pY`n~w r`j&yk~ swOvm sQy a`N~dEkYm v&vs~}`vk~ sh sQy p`r\lQ@m|n~wOvk~ a#w.

pY`n~w sh sn~wk pY@q~X rjyn~ pQhQtEv` a#w~@w~ sQy agngrvly.

pY n~w rjyk pY{`nQy` vn~@n~ pY n~w r`j& agm#wQ (Premier) vn awr sn~wk pY@q~Xyk pY{`nQy` vn~@n~ pY{`n am`w&vry`y (Chief Minister).

pY`n~w r`j& kQYy`w~mk vn~@n~ o|s~@tY|lQy`nE rjy kQYy`w~mk vn a`k`rytmy. s$m pY`n~wykm, a`N~dEk`rvry` vQsQn~ o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| mh rFjQN

nQ@y`~jny kryQ. @n`qr\n~ @trQtrQ hQ, agY`N~dEk`rvry` vQsQn~ prQp`lkvr@ykO (Administrator) pw~ kryQ. prQp`lkvry`@g~ k`r\& x`ry sh

vgkWm pY`n~w r`j& a`N~dEk`rvrykO@g~ vgkWm h` sm`n@v|.

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE rj@y~ @mn~m, sQy pL`w nQ@y`~jny kQrWm s[h` Cn~qq`ykyn~ vQsQn~ Cn~q@yn~ nQ@y`~jQw@ykO @w`~r` pw~kr gnW. @mm nQ@y`~jQwyn~

pY`n~w@y~ @h`~ sn~wk pY@q~X p`r\lQ@m|n~wO@v| s`m`jQk@ykO@v|.

pL`w~ p`lny

pY n~wyn~ sh @n`qr\n~ @trQtrQy pL`w~ p`ln bl pY@q~Xvlt @bq` a#w. @m|v` agngr (cities), @k ~rL (shires), ngr (towns) @h ~ mh ngr sx`

(municipalities) @ls h#qQn~vQy h#k. s$m pY@q~Xyktm sQy pl`w~ p`ln a`ywnyk~ a#w. kLmN`krNy sh sQy @q~XWy pYj`vt @s~v` s#pyWm @mm

pL`w~ p`ln a`ywnvl vgkWm@v|. s$m pL`w~ p`ln bl pY@q~Xykm sQtQn pErv#sQyn~ sQy pL`w~ mn~wWYvr#n~ Cn~q@yn~ @w ~r` pw~kr gnW.


j`wQk a`r\}Qk kLmN`krNy sm|bn~{@yn~ o|s~@tY|lQy`nE rjy vgkWm qryQ

a`@r`~g&X`l` sm|bn~{@yn~ r`j& sh sn~wk pY@q~X vgkWm qryQ

kWYd` pQt|tnQ sm|bn~{@yn~ pL`w~ p`ln a`ywn vgkWm qryQ

mt|tm| wO@n~ rjyn~ mgQn~ krn~@n~

@m`nv`q?

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE rjy vgkWm qrN kr#NE:

• •bqE ay kQrWm

• •j`wQk a`r\}Qk kLmN`krNy

• •sAkYmN sh pErv#sQx`vy

• •rFkWr]`

• •w#p#l~ @s~v` sh sn~nQ@v|qn j`ly

• •sm`j a`r]Ny (vQXY`m v#tEp~ sh pvEl~ a`{`r)

• •a`r]`v

• •@vL[`m

• •gOvn~ @w`tEpl sh gOvn~ a`r]`v

• •vQ@q~X ktyEwO (@vnw~ rtvl~ smM sm|bn~{w`vy).

pY`n~w sh sn~wk pY@q~X vgkWm qrN kr#NE:

• •a`@r`~g&X`l` sh @s_K&y @s~v`

• •p`s#l~

• •qEm|rQy

• •m`r\g sh r}v`hn gmn`gmny p`lny

• •vn sm|bn~{ ktyEwO

• •@p`lWsQy

• •@p`qE gmn` gmny.

pL`w~ p`ln a`ywn (sh o|s~@tY|lQyn~ k#pQtl~ @trQtrQ rjy) vgkWm

qrN kr#NE:

• •m`r\g sAZ`

• •pL`w~ mr\g, adQ p`rvl~ sh p`lm|

• •k`NE

• •uq&`n, kWYd` pQt|tnQ, pQhQnEm| wt`k, kWYd` bQm|

• •k[vEr# b[Qn bQm|, k#rvn~ p`r\k~

• •a`h`r sh ms~ vr\g prW]` kQrWm

• •Xb|q sh sw~v p`lny

• •k#LQ ksl ekwO kQrWm

• •pL`w~ pEs~wk`l, X`l` sh pYj` m{&s~}`n

• •smhr Lm` rFkvrN sh v@y`~v_q~{ rFkvrN g#tU

• •@g`dn#gQlQ blpwY

• •sm`j s#lsEm|krNy

• •pL`w~ p`rQsrQk g#tU.

smhr vgkWm| vQvQ{ r`j& mt|tm| aw@r\ @bq`hq` gnW. vQvQ{ r`j& mt|tm| awr sh@y`~gWw`vy unn~qE kQrWm s[h` o|s~@tY|lQy`nE r`j& kvEn~sQly

(Council of Australian Government (COAG)) pQhQtEv` a#w.


o|s~@tY|lQy`v p`lny krn a`k`ryt

@q~Xp`ln p] vQsQn~ itEkrn

k`r\&x`ry kOmk~q?

@q~Xp`ln p]yk~ ynE rtk~ p`lny klyEwO a`k`ry sm|bn~{@yn~

sm`n aqhs~ qrN mQnQsEn~ kN~d`ymkQ. p]@y~ aqhs~ nWwQy bvt pw~

kQrWmt ovEn~ ek~v ktyEwO kryQ. o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| pY{`n @q~Xp`ln p]

nm|, o|s~@tY|lQy`nE km|kr# p]y (Australian Labor Party),

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE lQbrl~ p]y (Liberal Party of Australia), j`wQk

p]y (Nationals) sh o|s~@tY|lQy`nE gWYn~ (Australian Greens) p]@v|.

@b`@h`~ p`r\lQ@m|n~wO mn~wWYvr#n~ @q~Xp`ln p]vlt ayw~@v|. smhr

p`r\lQ@m|n~wO mn~wWYvr#n~ kQsQm @q~Xp`ln p]yt ayw~ @n`@v|. @mm

ay s~v`{Wn ay (Independents) @ls h[En~vyQ,

obt avX& nm| @q~Xp`ln p]ykt b#[Wmt obt o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| nQqhs

a#w.

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE rjy pQhQtEvn~@n~ @k@s~q?

m#wQvrNykt psEv, nQ@y`~jQw mn~wWY mN~dl@y~ bhEwr mn~wWYvr#n~

sQtQn @q~Xp`ln p]y @h`~ sx`gy vQsQn~ o|s~@tY|lQy`nE rjy

pQhQtEvyQ. @mm p]@y~ n`yky` o|s~@tY|lQy`nE rj@y~ n`yky`, enm|

agY`m`w&vry`@v|.

@q@vnEv v#dQpErm mn~wWY sAK&`vk~ nQ@y`~jQw mn~wWY mN~dl@y~ sQtQn

p]y @h`~ sx`gy vQr#q~{ p]y vX@yn~ h[En~vyQ. ehQ n`yky`

vQr#q~{ p] n`yky` @ls h[En~vyQ.

p`r\lQ@m|n~wO mn~wWYvr#n~@gn~ @h`~ @s@nt| sxQkyn~@gn~ am`w&vr#n~

@w`~rn~@n~ agY`m`w&vry` vQsQnQ. am`w&vr# rFkWr]`, a`qQv`sW

ktyEwO @h`~ mh` x`N~d`g`ry v#nQ rj@y~ v#qgw~ aAX (am`w&AXy)

sm|bn~{@yn~ vgkQv yEwOy. vd` @j&;~T am`w&AX shQw

am`w&vr#n~@gn~ k#bQnt| mN~dly s$@q~. @my o|s~@tY|lQy`nE rj@y~

v#qgw~m wWrN gn~n` aAXyyQ.

nWwQy s`qn~@n~ @k@s~q?

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE p`r\lQ@m|n~wO@v| nQ@y`~jQw@yk~ vQsQn~ nv nWwQyk~ @h`~

pvwQn nWwQyt @vns~ kQrWmk~ @y`~jn` kryQ. @mm @y`~jn`v pnw~

@ktEm|pwk~ @ls h[En~vyQ.

pnw~ @ktEm|pw h` ekM vn~@n~q yn~n b#lWmt nQ@y`~jQw mn~wWY

mN~dly sh @s@nt| sx`v vQv`q kr Cn~qy lb`@q~.

mn~wYN sx` @q@k~m bhEwry pnw~ @ktEm| pwt ekM vn~@n~ nm|

ey agY`N~dEk`rvry` @vw yyQ.

agY`N~dEk`rvry` pnw~ @ktEm|pwt aw~sn~ kl vQt ey nWwQy bvt

pw~@v|. @my r`jkWy anEm#wQy @ls h[En~vyQ.

pY`n~w r`j& sh sn~wk pY@q~X p`r\lQ@m|n~wO @m| h` sm`n a`k`rykt

ovEn~@g~ nWwQ sm|p`qny kryQ.

nWwQn~ prQp`lny krn~@n~ @k@s~q?

a{QkrNy

o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| a{QkrN mgQn~ nWwQy ar\} nQr$pNy kQrWm sh aq`l

kQrWm sQqE kryQ. @m|v` rj@yn~ s~v`{Wn@v|. ym| pEq~glykO vQsQn~ nWwQy

kdkr a#wQq n#wQq yn~n wWrNy kr qVEvm wWrNy kryQ. s$m

pEq~gl@ykO htm a{QkrN@y~qW nWwWZ@ykO mgQn~ nQ@y`~jny vWmt

ayQwQyk~ a#w. a{QkrN ht wm` iqQrQ@y~ a#wQ s`]Q mwq wWrN lb`

qQy h#k.

vQnQX~cyk`rvr#n~ sh m@h~s~wY`w~vr#n~

a{QkrN@y~ ihlm bl{`rQy` vn~@n~ vQnQX~cyk`rvry` @h`~

m@h~s~wY`w~vry`y. vQnQX~cyk`rvr#n~ sh m@h~s~wY`w~vr#n~ s~v`{Wn vn

awr kOmn wWrN ovEn~ vQsQn~ gw yEwOq yn~n k` htvw~ ovEn~ ht kQv

@n`h#k.

vQnQX~cyk`rvr#n~ sh m@h~s~wY`w~vr#n~ pw~ krn~@n~ rjy mgQn~ vEvq,

ovEn~@g~ wWrN h` ekM @n`vn avs~}`vl ovEn~v ivw~ kl @n`h#k.

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQyn~ vQsQn~ o|s~@tY|lQy`nE p`r\lQ@m|n~wO@v| wm`v

nQ@y`~jny kQrWmt nQ@y`~jQwyn~ @w`~r`gnW.

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE p`r\lQ@m|n~wOv mgQn~ j`wQ@y~ axQv^q~{Qy @vnE@vn~ nWwQ

sm|p`qny sh @vns~ kQrWm sQqEkryQ.

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE @XY~;~T`{QkrNy (High Court of Australia)


@vnw~ rtvl @mn~m wvw~ pEq~gl@ykOt hQAs` kQrWm o|s~@tY|lQy`@v|w~

nWwQ vQ@r`~{W vn awr iw` qr#NE apr`{ykQ. @m|v` awr g^hs~}

hQAsn @h`~ pvEl~ hQAsn @ls h#[Qn~@vn nQ@vs~ sh vQv`hyn~ wOl

sQqEvn hQAs` kQrWm|q a#w. g^hs~} hQAsn awr X`rWrQk, lQAgQk @h`~

m`nsQk apc`ry @h`~ h`nQ kQrWm, b@ln~ lQAgQk sm|bn~{w` p#v#w~vWm.

b@ln~ wnQ kQrWm @h`~ a`r\}Qk vX@yn~ ahQmQ kQrWm a#w.

pQhQ @h`~ wOvk~kO v#nQ a`yE{ rF@gn y`m o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| nWQwQyt pth#nQy.

@g`vQplk x`vQwyt ym| a@ykO vQsQn~ wOvk~kOvk~ aw~kr g#nWmt aqhs~

krn~@n~ nm|, pY}m@yn~ @p`lWsQ@yn~ gQnQ avQ blpwYyk~ lb`gw yEy.

mh` m`r\g v#rqQ

m`r\g sh r}v`hn p`lny krn~@n~ pY`n~w sh sn~wk pY@q~X rjyn~

mgQnQ. mh`m`r\g nWwQ ul~lAGNy kQrWm @h~wO@vn~ vQX`l qd mEql~

@gvWm @h`~ sQr @gqrt y`mt sQqEvQy h#k. o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| k`r\ r}yk~

p#qvWmt @mrt rQyqEr# blpwYyk~ wQbQy yEwO awr k`r\ r}y lQy`pqQAcQ

kr wQbQy yEwOy.

k`r\ r}yk gmn~ krn s$m a@ykO vQsQn~m a`sn ptQyk~ p#LqQy yEwOy.

bQLQ[En~ anEmw krn lq bQLQ[E k`r\ a`snyk w#bQy yEwOy. a{Qk

@v|g@yn~ rQy p#qvWm sh m{&s`r @h`~ mw~qYv& g#nW@mn~ psE v`hn

p#qvWm sm|bn~{ m`r\g nWwQ iw` q#dQ@v|. rQy pqvn awr jAgm

qErk}nyk~ a@w~ wb`@gn k}` kQrWmq nWwQyt pth#nQy.

nQgmny

ap@g~ pYj`wn~wYv`qW a`ywn s`mk`mW sh s~}`vr sm`jyk~ @gdng`

a#w. apt @bq` hq` g#nWmt s`rvw~, asmsm sAs~k^wQyk~ a#w.

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQ@ykO vX@yn~, ob ap@g~ j`wQk v^w~w`n~w@y~

@k`tsk~ bvt pw~vn awr ap@g~ an`gwyt q`yk vnE a#w.

o|s~@tY|lQy`v obv s`qr@yn~ pQLQgnW. ap@g~ @p`qE b#[Wm pErv#sQx`vyyQ.

pErv#sQ vQx`gyt sRq`nm| vWmt, 34 sh 35 pQtEvl a#wQ a`qr\X pYX~n

pEhENEvn~n.

jRrQ sx`v

smhr ndEvlqW ym| a@ykO nWwQy kdkr a#wQq yn~n wWrNy kQrWmt

a{QkrN vQsQn~ jRrQyk~ up@y`~gW krgnW.

jRrQy ynE mhjnw`v @vwQn~ ahBE @ls @w`~r` gn~n` s`m`n&

pEq~glyn~ kN~d`ymkQ. vQnQX~cyk`rvry` vQsQn~ jRrQyt nWwQy p#h#qQlQ

kr@q~. apr`{ ndEvkqW jRrQy vQsQn~ ym| pEq~gl@ykO v#rqQkr# bv

wWrNy kl@h`w~, vQnQX~cyk`rvry` vQsQn~ qVEvm wWrNy kryQ.

nWwQyt anEv a{QkrNyk~ mgQn~ v#rqQkr# bv wWrNy krn @wk~

o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| sQtQn mQnQsEn~ nQ@q`s~ @ls slkyQ.

@p`lWsQy

@p`lWsQy vQsQn~ pYj`v wOl nWwQy sh s`my a`r]` kryQ.

ovEn~@g~ r`jk`rQy vn~@n~ jWvQw sh @q~pL a`r]` kQrWmyQ. ovEn~

rj@yn~ s~v`{Wn@v|. ym| a@ykO nWwQy kdkr a#wQ bv @p`lWsQy vQX~v`s

kryQ nm|, em ayv aw~adAgOvt @gn a{QkrNy iqQrQyt p#mQNvQy

h#k. a{QkrN@y~qW @p`lWsQyt s`]Q qQy h#kQ vEvq, ym| a@ykO@g~ v#rqQ

@h`~ nQv#rqQ bv wWrNy krn~@n~ a{QkrNy mgQnQ.

pY n~w sh @n`qr\n~ @trQtrQ swOv sQy @p`lQs~ blk` a#w. ovEn~ apr`{

sm|bn~{@yn~ ktyEwO krn~@n~ sQy pY n~w @h ~ sn~wk pY@q~X nWwQy yt@w~y.

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE @fdrl~ @p`lWsQy (Australian Federal Police) @lsQn~

h[En~vn j`wQk @p`lQs~ blk`yk~q o|s~@tY|lQy`v swOv a#w. mw~qYv&

j`v`rm, j`wQk a`r]`vt e@rhQ apr`{ sh prQsryt e@rhQ apr`{

v#nQ @fdrl~ nWwQ sm|bn~{@yn~ apr`{ o|s~@tY|lQy`nE @fdrl~ @p`lWsQy

mgQn~ vQmr\;Ny kryQ. o|s~@tY|lQyn~ k#pQtl~ @trQtrQ hQ s`m`n& @p`lQs~

ktyEwO sm|bn~{@yn~q o|s~@tY|lQy`nE @fdrl~ @p`lWsQy vgkWm qryQ.

o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| @p`lWsQy sh pYj`v awr @h`[ sm|bn~{w`vyk~ a#w.

apr`{ sm|bn~{@yn~ @p`lQsQyt v`r\w` kl h#kQ awr ob@g~ pL`@w~

@p`lWsQ@yn~ obt upk`r il~l` sQtQy h#k.

nWwQy sm|bn~{v @n`q#nWm sm`vt @h~wOvk~ @n`vn nQs`, o|s~@tY|lQy`nE

nWwQy sm|bn~{@yn~ q#ng#nWm v#qgw~@v|.

@p`lQs~ nQl{`rQ@ykO ht al~ls~ qWm brpwl vrqk~@v|. @p`lQs~

nQl{`rQ@ykO ht al~ls~ qWmt iqQrQpw~ vWmq brpwl vrqk~@v|.

o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| apr`{ v#rqQ

iw`m brpwl v#rqQ awr, mQnQm#rWm, adn~@w~t|tm| kQrWm, lQAgQk

adn~@w~t|tm| kQrWm, pEq~glyn~t @h ~ @q~pLvlt e@rhQv krn apr`{,

a`yE{ a#wQv krn @k`l~lk$m|, k#m#w~w qW@m| nWw&`nEkSl vyst vd` adE

vy@s~ ay smM lQAgQk sm|bn~{w` p#v#w~vWm, an~wr`k`rW @ls @m ~tr\

v`hn p#qvWm, nWwQ vQ@r ~{W mw~qYv& lM wb` g#nWm sh vAc`v a#w.


vQx`g krn @k`ts sm|bn~{ p`rx`;Qwy o|s~@tY|lQy`nE r`j& @s~vy

rj@y~ @qp`r\w@m|n~wO sh e~v` mgQn~ @s~vyt @y`qv` gnE lbn ay

@p`~l~ ht o|s~@tY|lQy`nE r`j& @s~v@y~ @sn~tr\lQn~k~ nQl`{`rQ@ykO vX@yn~ rFkQy`vk~ l#bW a#w.

mhjn k#lBQl~l

s`m`n&@yn~ rj@y~ wWrNykt @h`~ pYwQpw~wQykt e@rhQv mQnQsEn~ vQX`l sAK&`vk~ ek~v krn @pLp`lQ @h`~ klh

rjy vQsQn~ mQnQsEn~ aswOtE nWwQ p#nvR vQt mhjn k#LBQl~lk~ a#wQvQy.

sx`gy

s`m`n&@yn~ rjyk~ @h`~ vQr#q~{ p]yk~ a#wQ kQrWmt @q~Xp`ln p] @qkk~ @h`~ v#dQ gNnk~ ek~vWm

m#wQvrNyt psEv nQ@y`~jQw mn~wWY mN~dl@y~ kQsQm p]ykt bhEwryk~ @n`wQbEN b#vQn~ sm`n aqhs~ qrN p] @qkk~ ek~v sx`gyk~

pQhQtEvn lqW.

@k`mQ;n~ sx`v

nQl vgkWmk~ qrN pEq~glyn~ kN~d`ymk~

m#wQvrNy sAvQ{`ny krn~@n~ s~v`{Wn @k`mQ;n~ sx`vk~ mgQnQ.

a`N~dEkYm v&vs~}` r`j`N~dEv

a`N~dEkYm v&vs~}`v mgQn~ bly sWm` krn r@jkO @h`~ rFjQNQyk r`j& pY{`nQy` vX@yn~ sQtQn rtkQ

ap@g~ a`N~dEkYm v&vs~}`v mgQn~ @k`mn~@vl~w~ o|s~@tY|lQy`v a`N~dEkYm v&vs~}`pQw r`j`N~dEvk~ @ls a#wQkrn lq awr @mhQ r`j& n`yky`

vX@yn~ ek~sw~ r`j{`nQ@y~ rjE @h`~ mh rFjQN sQtW.

a{QkrNy

vQnQX~cyk`rvr@ykO @h`~ m@h~s~wY`w~vr@ykO vQsQn~ nWwQ pYX~n vQs[n s~}`ny

mQnQsEn~ nWwQy kd kl vQt, ovEn~ a{QkrNyt y` h#k.

apr`{ ndE vQx`gy

sQqE krn lq apr`{yk~ sm|bn~{@yn~ ym| a@ykO v#rqQkr# @h ~ nQv#rqQkr# bv wWrNy kQrWmt sQq~{Qmy kr#NE sm|bn~{@yn~ pvw~vn a{QkrN vQx`gy

apr`{ ndE vQx`gy avs`n@y~ b#AkO @k`l~lkr#v bn~{n`g`rgw krn lqW.

pYj`wn~wYv`qy

Cn~q@yn~ @w`~r`pw~ kr gnE lbn nQ@y`~jQwyn~ mgQn~ r`j& p`lny

sQy p`r\lQ@m|n~wO nQ@y`~jQwyn~ ht Cn~qy lb` qQy h#kQ pYj`wn~wYv`qW rtk jWvw~vWm sm|bn~{@yn~ @gY~s~ swOtQn~ sQtW.

mw~qYv& j`v`rm

mw~qYv& nWwQ vQ@r`~{W @ls vQkQNWmt rF@gn y`m @h`~ mQLt g#nWm

mw~qYv& j`v`rm| kQrWm sm|bn~{@yn~ @js~ v bn~{n`g`rgw krn lqW.

a`r\}Qk ahQmQ kQrWm

ekt jWvw~v sQtQn ek~ shkr#@vkO vQsQn~ a@nk~ shkr#v` mEql~ l#bWm @h`~ mEql~ prQhrNy kQrW@mn~ v#L#k~vWm, ek~ a`k`ryk g^hs~} hQAs`vkQ

sQy s~v`mQ pEr#;y` vQsQn~ lQn~ ht mEql~ lb` @n`qWm @h~wO@vn~ a#y a`r\}Qk ahQmQ kQrWmkt lk~ vQy.

m#wQvrNy

pErv#sQyn~ vQsQn~ wmn~v p`r\lQ@m|n~wO@v| nQ@y`~jny kQrWmt pEq~gl@ykO @w`~r` gn~n` avs~}`vkQ

vys 18 t @h`~ It v#dQ o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQyn~ m#wQvrNykqW Cn~qy pYk`X kl yEwOy.

vQx`gQ krn @k`ts sm|bn~{ p`rx`;Qwy 31

Cn~q hQmQ n`m@l~KNy

m#wQvrNykqW @h`~ jnmw vQc`rNykqW Cn~qy lb`qWmt sEqEsEkm| a#wQ ay@g~ l#yQs~wOv

j$n~ Cn~q m{&s~}`nyt p#mQNQ vQt nQl{`rWn~ vQsQn~ ohE@g~ nm Cn~qhQmQ n`m @l~KN@y~ prW]` krn lqW.

nWwQy bl`w~mk kQrWm

mQnQsEn~ nWwQy pQLQpqQn bv whvEr# kQrWm

@p`lWsQy nWwQy bl`w~mk krn awr s`my a`r]` kryQ.

vQ{`yk blwl

nWwQy kQYy`w~mk kQrWmt a#wQ bly sh a{Qk`rQy, o|s~@tY|lQy`nE a`N~dEkYm v&vs~}`v yt@w~ a#wQ blwl a`k`r wO@nn~ ekkQ

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE p`r\lQ@m|n~wOv mgQn~ sm|mw krn nWwWn~ prQp`lny kQrWmt o|s~@tY|lQy`nE rj@y~ am`w&vr#n~t sh agY`N~dEk`rvry`t vQ{`yk

blwl a#w.

@fd@r\;ny

ytw~ vQjQw mgQn~ nQX~cQw blwl wb`@gn ytw~ vQjQw ek~ j`wQyk~ vX@yn~ ek~vWm

1901 qW ytw~ vQjQw ekt ek~v @k`mn~@vl~w~ of~ o|s~@tY|lQy` nmQn~ h#qQn~@vn @fd@r\;nyk~ bvt pw~vQy.

pY}m n`vEk bla#NQy

sQrkr#vn~@gn~ yEw~ ytw~vQjQwyk~ nQv| svEw~ @v|l~s~ hQ pQhQtEvWmt kpQw`n~ a`wr\ pQlQp~ (Captain Arthur Phillip) yt@w~ bYQw`n&@y~ sQt pQtw~vR

n#v| 111788 jnv`rQ 26 qQn pY}m n`vEk bla#NQy sQd|nQ @vw @g`db#s~svWm o|s~@tY|lQy`nE qQn@y~qW apQ anEs~mrNy krmE.

pE;~p lÀCny

j`wQk pE;~py

o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| pE;~p lÀCny rn~ p#h# @v`tl~ ml@v|.

b@ln~ wnQkr w#bWm (forced isolation)

sm|bn~{w`vyk~ wOl ek shkr#vkO vQsQn~ a@nk~ shkr# qkQn ay, k}` krn ay, kQyvn @q~ sh yn en w#n~ p`lny krn ek~ g^hs~}

hQAsn a`k`rykQ

s#n~dQ@g~ s~v`mQ pEr#;y` vQsQn~ a#yt sQy mQwOrn~ @h`~ pvE@l~ ay b#lWmt y`mt avsr @n`qEn~ b#vQn~ a#y b@ln~ wnQkr w#bWmkt lk~vQy.

@mm avs~}`@v| ptn~

q#n~ sQt iqQrQyt

pErv#sQx`vy lb` gn~n` uw~sv@y~qW, ob @mm avs~}`@v| ptn~ o|s~@tY|lQy`vt hQ@@w;W bvt @p`@r`n~qE@v|.

pYwQmRr\wQy

@h`[Qn~ qn~n` pYwQr$pyk~

o@pr` hvEs~ sQd|nQ nEvr pYwQmRr\wQy@v|.

a`qQv`sW mQnQsEn~

rtk pY}m pqQAcQkr#vn~ - o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| a#@b`rQjQnl~ sh @t`~rs~ s~@tY|t| qRpw~v`sWn~

o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| a`qWv`sW mQnQsEn~ o|s~@tY|lQy`nE jnghN@yn~ sQyyt 2.5 k~ nQ@y`~jny kryQ.

yE@qv|-kQYs~wQy`nQ

yE@qv| sh kQYs~wQy`nQ yn a`gm| @qktm ayw~

yE@qv|-kQYs~wQy`nQ vtQn`km| byQbl@y~ p`dm| mw pqnm|vW a#w.


a{QkrN bly

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE a`N~dEkYm v&vs~}`v yt@w~ a#wQ blwl wO@nn~ ekk~ vn nWwQy ar\}k}ny kQrWmt sh aq`l kQrWmt a#wQ bly sh a{Qk`rQy

o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| a{QkrNvlt nWwQy ar\}k}ny kQrWmt sh aq`l kQrWmt a{QkrN bly a#w.

v&vs~}`q`yk bly

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE a`N~dEkYm v&vs~}`v yt@w~ a#wQ blwl wO@nn~ ekk~ vn nWwQy p#nvWmt sh @vns~ kQrWmt a#wQ bly sh a{Qk`rQy

a`N~dEkYm v&vs~}`v yt@w~ p`r\lQ@m|n~wOvt nWwQy p#nvWmt bly a#w, enm| v&vs~}`q`yk bly a#w.

nQqhs

pEq~glQk nQqhs sh s~v`{Wnw~vy

ap@g~ pYj`wn~wYv`qW sm`j@y~ k}` kQrW@m| nQqhs, aqhs~ pYk`X kQrW@m| nQqhs, a`gmQk nQqhs sh sm`gm| p#v#w~vW@m| nQqhs a#w. ap @mm

nQqhs~ agy krmE.

m@h~s~wY`w~vry`

phl a{QkrNyk vQnQX~cyk`rvr@yk~

m@h~s~wY`w~vry` vQsQn~ @k`l~lkr# v#rqQkr# bv wWrNy kr bn~{n`g`rgw krn lqW.

sh^qw~vy (mateship)

vQ@X~;@yn~ qE;~kr avs~}`vl a@nk~ ayt upk`r kQrWmw~, ev#nQ avs~}`vl a@nk~ ay@gn~ upk`r l#bWmw~

m@g~ v`hny k#dENE avs~}`@v|, sh^qw~v@y~ n`m@yn~ a@nk~ rQyqErn~ ey wl~lE kQrWmt upk`r vENQ.

j`wQk gWy (national anthem)

j`wQ@y~ gWwy

o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| j`wQk gWy ‘Advance Australia Fair’ @v|.

p`r\lQ@m|n~wO pYj`wn~wYv`qy

pErv#sQyn~ vQsQn~ nQ@y`~jQwyn~v nQwQpw` p`r\lQ@m|n~wOvt @w`~r` pw~kr yvn a`N~dEkYmyk~

p`r\lQ@m|n~wO pYj`wn~wYv`q@y~qW sQy nQ@y`~jQwyn~ s[h` mQnQsEn~ Cn~qy p`vQc|cQ kryQ.

s~}Qr @n~v`sQkw~vy

k`l@yn~ sWm`vk~ @n`m#wQv o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| jWvw~vWmt sh v#d kQrWmt vWs` blpwYyk~ a#wQ a@ykO

ab|qEl~@g~ jpn~ j`wQk asl~v`sQy` o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| s~}Qr @n~v`sQkw~vy a#wQ a@ykO vn awr b#AkOvk r`jk`rQ kryQ.

@q~Xp`ln p]y

rtk~ p`lny klyEwO a`k`ry sm|bn~{@yn~ sm`n aqhs~ qrN mQnQsEn~ kN~d`ymk~

v#dQqQyENE kQrWm| sh @p`qE pYv`hny sm|bn~{v s`kc|C` kQrWmt @q~Xp`ln p]yk s`m`jQkyn~ nQwQpw` hmE@v|.

r`j& @s~vy

j`wQ@y~ yhpwt k`ly, Xk~wQy sh kOslw` x`vQw` kQrWm

srN`gwyn~ ht o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| pqQAcQvWmt upk`r kQrWm mgQn~ @j`~s~ vtQn` r`j& @s~vyk~ itE krn lqW.

jnmw vQc`rNy

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE a`N~dEkYm v&vs~}`v @vns~ kQrWmt a#wQ @y`~jn`vkt sQyU Cn~qq`ykyn~ vQsQn~ Cn~qy lb` qWm

1967 jnmw vQc`rN@y~qW, jnsAgNnykqW a`qQv`sW o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~ gNn~ g#nWmt ekMv sQyU @qn` Cn~qy p`vQc|cQ klh.

33

nQ@y`~jQwy`

@vnw~ ay @vnE@vn~ kQYy` krn @h`~ k}` krn ay

m`@g~ pL`w~ p`ln a`ywn nQ@y`~jQwy` m@g~ aqhst k#mwQ vENE awr pL`w~ p`ln a`ywn rFs~vW@m|qW @mm aqhs iqQrQpw~ krn lqW.

vQmr\;Ny

nv nWwQyk~ sm|bn~{ @y`~jn`vk~ pQLQg#nWmt @h`~ pYwQ@]~p kQrWmt slk` b#lWm

vQmr\;N mn~wYN sx`v (House of Review) vX@yn~ @s@nt| sx`v mgQn~ phL mn~wYN sx`v vQsQn~ iqQrQpw~ krn lq bqE aykQrWm sm|bn~{

pnw~ @ktEm|pwk~ vQv`qyt gn~n` lqW.

rhs~ Cn~qy

mQnQsEn~ rhsQgw @ls Cn~qy p`vQc|cQ krn a`k`ryk~, @m| anEv ym| kQsQ a`k`rykt Cn~qy p`vQc|cQ krn @ls kQsQm a@ykOt blp$mk~

@h`~ pWdnyk~ a#wQkl @n`h#k

rhs~ Cn~qykqW wm` Cn~qy x`vQw` krn vQt @vn kQsQ@vkO ob @qs bl` @n`sQtW.

an`g`mQk

a`g@mn~ prQb`hQr

an`g`mQk sm`jyk nQl a`gmk~ @n`m#w.

pQhQtEvnv`

@g`dngnv`, a#wQkrnv`, a`rm|x krnv`

pQlQp~ a`N~dEk`rvry` vQsQn~ pY}m ytw~ vQjQwy nQv| svEw~ @v|l~s~ hQ pQhQtEvn lqW.

@k`~rLy (;yr\)

pL`w~ p`ln bl pY@q~Xyk~

mm sQtQn @k`~rL@y~ m`r\g iw` a`r]`k`rW@v|.

sm`j a`r]Ny

rFkQy` vQrhQw, a`b`{Qw, vys~gw sh @vnw~ avX&w`vyn~ a#wQ ay ht upk`r kQrWmt a#wQ rj@y~ vQXY`m v#tEp~ @h`~ pYwQl`x

t$n~g~ @g~ rFkQy`v ahQmQvR vQt, a#yt sm`j r]N s[h` ayqEm| kQrWmt sQqEvQy.

ob@g~ v`sn`v urg` bln~n

v`sn`v b#lWm

s$m vsrkm @ml~br\n~ kp~ qQn@y~qW m`@g~ v`sn`v urg` b#lWmt aX~v@ykO @vnE@vn~ $10 k~ ot|tE al~lmQ.

s~@v|c|C` @s~vk

mEql~ bl`@p`@r`w~wO @n`vW sQy k`ly pEq~gl@ykO @h`~ sAvQ{`nyk~ @vnE@vn~ v#y krn ay

r`s`, mQnQsEn~ ht sQy nQ@vs~vlqW iAgWYsQ ugn~vn s~@v|c|C` @s~vk@ykQ.

vQx`gQ krn @k`ts sm|bn~{ p`rx`;Qwy

1. a#n~s#k~ qQn@y~ apt mwk~ vn~@n~ kOmk~q?

a. o|s~@tY|lQy` sh nvsWln~w yE{ hmEq` bla#NQ wOr\kQ@y~ \g#lQ@

p`lQ @vw @g`d b#s~svWm

a`. mh` bYQw`n&@y~ sQt pLmE nQqhs~ pqQAcQkr#vn~ @mrtt

p#mQNWm

a#. pY}m n`vEk bla#NQy (First Fleet) sQd|nQ @k`~v| @vw

p#mQNWm

2. o|s~@tY|lQy`nE a#@b`rQjQnl~ {j@y~ vr\N @m`nv`q?

a. kU, rwO sh kh

a`. @k`L, sEqE sh kU

a#. nQl~, sEqE sh @k`L

3. o|s~@tY|lQy`nE rj@y~ @q~pL h[En`gn~@n~ o|s~@tY|lQy`@v|

kOmn nQl lÀCny mgQn~q?

a. j`wQk gWy

a`. o|s~@tY|lQy`nE j`wQk pE;~py

a#. o|s~@tY|lQy`nE rj@y~ nQl lÀCny (Commonwealth Coat of Arms)


o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| pYj`wn~wYv`qW vQX~v`syn~, ayQwQv`sQkm| sh nQqhs

4. o|s~@tY|lQy`nE r`j& p`ln kYmy sm|bn~{@yn~ @m|v`yQn~

kOmn pYk`Xny nQv#rqQq?

a. o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| mh rFjQN vQsQn~ o|s~@tY|lQy`nE p`r\lQ@m|n~wOv

pQhQtEvWm s[h` mQnQsEn~ @w`~r`gnW

a`. rjy pw~kr gnE lbn~@n~ mQnQsEn~ vQsQnQ

a#. ap@g~ p`r\lQ@m|n~wO mn~wWYvry` @w`~r` gn~@n~ agY`m`w&vry`

vQsQnQ

5. @m|v`yQn~ kOmk~ k}` kQrW@m| nQqhs sm|bn~{@yn~

uq`hrNq?

a. mQnQsEn~ ht rj@y~ wWrN sm|bn~{@yn~ s`mk`mW @ls

vQ@r`~{w`vy q#k~vQy h#k

a`. a{QkrNyk~ iqQrQ@y~ g#h#NEn~ sh pQrQmQn~ ht sm`n @ls

slkyQ

a#. o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~ ht a`gmk~ pQLQ@n`p#q sQtW@m| nQqhs a#w

6. o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| rjy sm|bn~{@yn~ @mv`yQn~ kOmn pYk`Xy

nQv#rqQq?

a. smhr a`gm| a#qhWmt rjy id @n`@q~

a`. o|s~@tY|lQy`nE rjy an`g`mQk rjykQ

a#. a`gmQk nWwWn~ sm|mw krn~@n~ p`r\lQ@m|n~wOv mgQnQ

7. @m|v`yQn~ kOmk~ o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| sm`n`w~mw`vy

sm|bn~{@yn~ uq`hrNq?

a. s$m a@ykOm ekm a`gm aqhyQ

a`. pQrQmQn~ sh g#h#NEn~ ht sm`n ayQwQv`sQkm| a#w

a#. s$m a@ykOm ayw~ vn~@n~ ekm @q~Xp`ln p]yty

8. @m|v`yQn~ kOmk~ vys avEr#qE 18 @h ~ It v#dQ o|s~@tY|lQy`nE

pErv#sQyn~@g~ vgkWmk~q?

a. pL`w~ p`ln a`ywn rFs~vWm|vlt shx`gQvWm

a`. m#wQvrNvlqW Cn~qy pYk`X kQrWm

a#. vlAgO o|s~@tY|lQy`nE gmn~ blpwYyk~ wb` g#nWm

9. @m|v`yQn~ kOmk~ vys avEr#qE 18 @h ~ It v#dQ o|s~@tY|lQy`nE

pErv#sQyn~@g~ vgkWmk~q?

a. pL`@w~ pYj` @s~v` sQqE kQrWm

a`. gmn~ blpwYyk~ s#mvQtm lM wb` g#nWm

a#. jRrQ @s~vy s[h` k#qvR avs~}`vk jRrQ@y~ ktyEwO kQrWm

pEhENEvWm s[h` a`qr\X pYX~n

10. gmn~ blpwYy sm|bn~{@yn~ @m|v`yQn~ kOmn pYk`Xn

nQv#rqQq?

a. o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQyn~ ht o|s~@tY|lQy`nE gmn~ blpwYyk~ lb`

g#nWmt ayqEm| kl h#k

a`. s~}Qr @n~v`sQkyn~ ht o|s~@tY|lQy`nE gmn~ blpwYyk~ q#rQy

h#k

a#. o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQyn~ ht o|s~@tY|lQy`vt n#vw p#mQNWmt

gmn~ blpwYyk~ sh vWs` blpwYyk~ avX&y


16. phw q#k~@vn e~v`yQn~ kOmn k`r\&y

agY N~dEk`rvry`@g~ k`r\&yk~q?

a. pY`n~w agY`m`w&vr# pw~kQrWm

a`. o|s~@tY|lQy`nE p`r\lQ@m|n~wOv vQsQn~ sm|mw krn pnw~

@ktEm|pw~vlt aw~sn w#bWm

a#. r`j& n`yky` pw~kQrWm

17. pY n~w rjyn~ sm|bn~{ @mm pYk`XnvlQn~ kOmk~

nQv#rqQq?

a. sQyUm pY`n~w s[h` ekm a`N~dEkYm v&vs~}`v a#w

a`. ek~ ek~ pY n~w s[h` @vn @vnmm a`N~dEkYm v&vs~}` a#w

a#. pY`n~w s[h` a`N~dEkYm v&vs~}` @n`m#w

18. m#wQvrNykqW @qv#nQ vX@yn~ nQ@y ~jQw mn~wWY

mN~dl@y~ vQX`lm a`sn sAK&`vk~ lb` gn~n`

p]yt @h ~ p] kQhQpykQn~ s#qQ sn~{`nyt kQyn nm

kOmk~q?

a. rjy

a`. vQr#q~{ p]y

a#. @s@n~t| sx`v

19. p`r\lQ@m|n~wO@v| nWwQyk~ a#wQkQrWm s[h` krn @y ~jn`v

@k@s~ h[En~vyQq?

a. r`jkWy k#m#w~w

a`. pnw~ @ktEm|pw

a#. vQv`qy

20. o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| nWwQy sh s`my pvw~v` gn~@n~ kvEr#n~

vQsQn~q?

a. rj@y~ @s~vkyn~

a`. @p`lWsQy

a#. nWwWZyn~

11. o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| m#wQvrNvlqW Cn~qy pYk`X kQrWm

sm|bn~{@yn~ phw pYk`XvlQn~ kOmk~ nQv#rqQq?

a. o|n$m a@p~]k@ykO ht Cn~qy pYk`X kQrWmt mQnQsEn~ ht

nQqhs sh a`r]`v a#w

a`. Cn~qy pYk`X kQrWm aw is~sWm mgQnQ

a#. mQnQsEn~ Cn~qy pYk`X krn vQt sQy nm lQvQy yEwOy

12. 1901 jnv`rQ 1 qQn o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| kOmk~ sQqE vENQq?

a. o|s~@tY|lQy`nE a`N~dEkYm v&vs~}`v jnmw vQc`rNyk~ mgQn~

@vns~ vQy

a`. o|s~@tY|lQy`nE a`N~dEkYm v&vs~}`v kQYy`w~mk vWm a#rBQNQ

a#. o|s~@tY|lQy`nE sh nvsWln~w yE{ hmEq` blk`y pQhQtEvn lqW

13. o|s~@tY|lQy`nE r`j& p`lny sm|bn~{ rWwWn~ qk~v` a#wQ

nWw&`nEkSl @l~KN@y~ nm kOmk~q?

a. o|s~@tY|lQy`nE @fd@r\;Ny

a`. o|s~@tY|lQy`nE m{&m rjy

a#. o|s~@tY|lQy`nE a`N~dEkYm v&vs~}`v

14. jnmw vQc`rNyk~ ynE kOmk~q?

a. rjyk~ @vns~ kQrWmt pvw~vn Cn~qykQ

a`. o|s~@tY|lQy`nE a`N~dEkYm v&vs~}`v @vns~ kQrWmt pvw~vn

Cn~qykQ

a#. agm#wQvry` @vns~ kQrWmt pvw~vn Cn~qykQ

15. rj@y~ kOmn aAXyt nWwQy ar\} nQr$pNy kQrWmt sh

nWwQy aq`l kr g#nWmt bly a#wQq?

a. v&vs~}`q`yky

a`. vQ{`yky

a#. a{QkrNy



1a, 2a, 3a#, 4a`, 5a, 6a`, 7a`, 8a`, 9a#, 10a, 11a, 12a`, 13a#, 14a`, 15a#, 16a`, 17a`, 18a`, 19a`, 20a`

pQLQwOr#:

vQx`g krn @k`t@s~ avs`ny

Documents

o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQx`vy - Department of Home Affairs · psEps a#wQ aqhs i@gnWm mgQn~ o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQ@ykOvWm ynE@vn~ kOmk~ aqhs~@v|q yn~nw~ pErv#sQx`vy smM a#wQvn vgkWm|