- 1. S. Sandwich
I1975/76,1980/81GermanyKerguelen2003/04AustraliaKerguelen
I.Russia2004/05S.Sandwich I.Age and growthof the Antarctic
fishS.Georgia I.S. Orkney I.Elephan I.Pseudochaenichthys
georgianusbased on the otolith morphometryRyszard TraczykShag
RockK.George I.DeceptionPalmer A.BallenyCatch locationof Ps.
georgianus Balleny
2. Pseudochaenichthys georgianus NORMAN, 1939
(Channichthyidae)Fish, spawning in February, March,and
Aprilspawning hatching catchFeb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov
Dec JanII III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII I 3. Pseudochaenichthys
georgianus NORMAN, 1939 (Channichthyidae)Larvaes hatch
inJulyspawning hatching catchFeb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct
Nov Dec JanII III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII I 4.
Pseudochaenichthys georgianus NORMAN, 1939
(Channichthyidae)Postlarvaes found inJanuary or in Decemberhave
half a yearspawning hatching catchFeb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep
Oct Nov Dec JanII III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII I 5. Hatching
larvae have otolith with 0.1 mm of radius and 15 mm of TL0.09 mm
R1spawning hatching catch spawning hatching catchFeb Mar Apr May
Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct
Nov Dec JanII III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII I II III IV V VI VII
VIII IX X XI XII I5SP 1R215 mm TL 6. It is otolith of hatching
larvae with ~0.1 mm R1spawning hatching catch spawning hatching
catchFeb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr
May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec JanII III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI
XII I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII I6SP 1R2 7. 7Larval
Nucleus otolith ofhatching larvae of Ps. georgianus. 8. postlarvaes
have 7 cm of TL, their otolith have 1 mm of radius1 mm R2spawning
hatching catch spawning hatching catchFeb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug
Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
JanII III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX
X XI XII I8SP 1R27.2 cm TL 9. 9SP 1R2 SP 1is mark of postlarvaes
otolith 10. 10 11. 1.97 mm R3Next year we can find in
Decemberspawning hatching catch spawning hatching catchFeb Mar Apr
May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep
Oct Nov Dec JanII III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII I II III IV V VI
VII VIII IX X XI XII I11SP 1R221 cm TLXII XII 12. fish with 21cm of
TL, their age is 1.6 of year, their otolithhave radius of 1.97
mm.1.97 mm R3spawning hatching catch spawning hatching catchFeb Mar
Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug
Sep Oct Nov Dec JanII III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII I II III IV
V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII I12SP 1R221 cm TLXII XII 13. 13SP 1R2 14.
SEM2 nm platinum + palladium1 mm~ 1 mm Second Primordiumin otolith
Ps. georgianus 15. 15TL, cm 16. 16TL, cm46 cm TL 17. 17TL, cm 18.
18TL, cm 19. 19TL, cm 20. 20TL, cm 21. 21Assumption: We can
estimate the age by reading daily incrementsshow up in the otolith
slices, as concentric rings.accurate forfish up to 6 yr
oldBROTHERS, E. B., C. P. MATHEWS, R. LASKER, 1976: DAILY GROWTH
INCREMENTS IN OTOLITHS FROM LARVAL ANDADULT FISHES. NY, FISHERY
BULLETIN: VOL. 74, NO. 1. 22. 22medialsectionCuttingsotolith
inslices 0.02mm thickotolith slices after polishingthe surfaces
show up dailyincrements asconcentricrings. 23. Justification: It
was proof that the smallest in microincrleamrvenates pofa
rtotoliths are daily incrementsNocturnal fish: Jones, C.D., K.-H.
Kock, E. Balguerias. Changes in biomass of eight species of finfish
around the SouthOrkney Islands (subarea 48.2) from three bottom
trawl surveys. Hobart : CCAMLR Science, 2000. pp. 53-74. Vol.
7.23The rings are evenly alternating bright with darkIn 1984,
microincrements were verified in 43 species of fish as daily
increments 24. arising as a result of day and night metabolic cycle
in the productions of otolithmatrix components.29 fitted line y A x
const; T= 0.0021 mm; s = 0.00002ir Ti( sin(ii))1Collagen deposite
net at high concentrations 10 at piks thenat opposites in the
cycles: create dark piksNocturnal fish: Jones, C.D., K.-H. Kock, E.
Balguerias. CHANGES IN BIOMASS OF EIGHT SPECIES OF FINFISH AROUND
THESOUTH ORKNEY ISLANDS (SUBAREA 48.2) FROM THREE BOTTOM TRAWL
SURVEYS. Hobart : CCAMLR Science, 2000. pp. 53-74.Vol. 7.SGI
postlarvae smoothed YeThe rings are evenly alternating bright with
darkIn 1984, microincrements were verified in 43 species of fish as
daily incrementsmm0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09
25. For fish preying in the night this cycle result from locomotor
activities:large during the night and lower activity in the dayice
forming 26. 2 nm platinum + palladium0.1 mm 27. 27 28. 28 29. 0.003
0.004 0.005
0.0m06mm292702602502402302202102001901801701401201008060optical
density along the radius of the nucleus. N = 1231 measurements0
0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 30.
30270260250240230220210200190180170160150140optical density along
the radius of the nucleus. N = 1231 measurementsfragment of 0,042
mm - of 713 measurements14012010080604020(- - - - - - - -)2 n nn0
0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07mm713 measurements = 0.042
mm00.003 0.004 0.005 0.006mm2167131( ) x x 31.
31270260250240230220210200190180170160150140optical density along
the radius of the nucleus. N = 1231 measurementsfragment of 0,042
mm - of 713 measurements14012010080604020(- - - - - - - -)20 0.01
0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07mm713 measurements = 0.042 mm00.003
0.004 0.005 0.006mm216713 n nn1( ) x xmove the green line point by
point 32. m32270260250240230220210200190180170160150140relative
displacement of cycles of otolith optical density by 16
measurements (by 0,000941mm) gave the first minimum of sum of
squared differences = 1 cycle(- - - - - - -
-)21401201008060402000.003 0.004 0.005 0.006at move the green line
by 0.000941 mm0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 mm216713 n nn1(
) x x2 n nn( ) min 167131x x1 minima 33.
mm33270260250240230220210200190180170optical density along the
radius of the nucleus. N = 1231 measurements y A ix const)) .2(
sin(91Tiiifitted line0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06
0.07255245235225215nucleus edge2y: Day & Night harmonic
component = 2y 3.39 sin( x 0.091) 235.12 0 0.01 0.02 0.03
0.04mm0.00091 34. and calculation of the number of
cycles:1601501401301201101009080700 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04
mm16014012010080600 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.01 35. 29 fitted line
y A x const; T= 0.0021 mm; s = 0.00003ir Ti( cos(ii))1SGI
postlarvae smoothed Yepostlarvae partmin(y-y)=360578Nocturnal fish:
Jones, C.D., K.-H. Kock, E. Balguerias. CHANGES IN BIOMASS OF EIGHT
SPECIES OF FINFISH AROUND THESOUTH ORKNEY ISLANDS (SUBAREA 48.2)
FROM THREE BOTTOM TRAWL SURVEYS. Hobart : CCAMLR Science, 2000. pp.
53-74.Vol. 7.35The rings are evenly alternating bright with darkIn
1984, microincrements were verified in 43 species of fish as daily
increments25024023022021020019018017016015014013012011010090807060504030201000
0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04mmthat are equals to number of daily
increments.0.01 mm 36. larvae partSGI larvae smoothed
Yemmmin(y-y)=755100 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.01 y A ix
constTiii))2( cos(91fitted line ; Tr = 0.0013 mm; s = 0.00014 37. y
A i20018016014012010080604020min(y-y)=75510x constSGI larvae
smoothed YemmNocturnal fish: Jones, C.D., K.-H. Kock, E.
Balguerias. CHANGES IN BIOMASS OF EIGHT SPECIES OF FINFISH AROUND
THESOUTH ORKNEY ISLANDS (SUBAREA 48.2) FROM THREE BOTTOM TRAWL
SURVEYS. Hobart : CCAMLR Science, 2000. pp. 53-74.Vol. 7.37The
rings are evenly alternating bright with darkIn 1984,
microincrements were verified in 43 species of fish as daily
increments 00 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.005 0.006 0.007 0.008 0.009
0.01 0.011Tiii))2( cos(91fitted line ; Tr = 0.0013 mm; s =
0.00014larvae part 38. Profile of optical density of daily
increments, along R9 for adults.3847 98137164 206273313393448587619
618y = -0.0004x + 0.00390.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0
2.20.0120.0100.0080.0060.0040.0020.000otolith radius R9
[mm]Relative optical densityOtolith centerOtolith edgeAverage width
of daily increments in the 12 daily sequencesN = 450, = 3.5910-3
9.6810-5 mm, s = 4.9210-5Number of daily increments in the
sequences of ~12, 13 days from the center to otolith
edge(10-3)Width of daily increments in sequences [mm]11411286420CP
- centerCP 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 36n=450
daily increments to otolith
edge121212121313121312181212121213131213121812121212131312131219121212121321
39. LarvalNucleusR9=0,048 mm21 increments 24h,=0,0015 mmHatching
mark and similar width of daily increments: 0.0014 mm (larvaes),
0.0023 (postlarvaes)check whether daily increment is unit among
similar or not similar species 40. 21 days larval otolith in the
otolith of juvenile ~6,5 cm C. gunnarii,R9=0,048 mm, 21 days,
=0,0015 mm, postlarvae =0,0024 mm 41. C. gunnari - similar daily
increments and otolith shape413.82 sin( 3 y x 24.83) 9020.0024 ))
.2y ( A sin(i91x constTiii2 i ii( ) min 661x x 42. 3.82 sin( 3 y x
24.83) 9029.27 sin( 1 y x 0.37) 8529 fitting sinusoids )) . to
series of 503 measurementsmm20.002420.026y ( A sin(i1x constTiii0.1
0.11 0.12 0.13 0.14 0.15 0.16 0.17 0.18 0.19
0.2421801701601501401301201101009080706050403020100C. gunnari,
empirical records of the optical density of otolithsincrements
(blue line) and harmonic characteristics of the twocomponents of
periodic growth of otolith: daily, by cycle of0.0024 mm and weekly,
by 0.026 mm. 43. The other icefish larvaes have very similar daily
increments and otolith shape0,005 mmmm SGI C. aceratus width of
increment, first > next < on R9SGI C. gunnarii width of
increment, larv. and juv. similar on R9SGI M. carinatus width
increm. first > then < on R9, 3 but > for R10SGI S.
japonicus, width all time > on R9 but < for R11SGI squid
width all time < on R9Compensation narrow in height R9with width
on length R3AgeGroup43speciesCP Larval Nucleus LN [mm] Juvenile
[mm] Adults, Age group [mm] Age group [x/1000 mm]R9 R9 width of
daily increments R9 width of daily increments R9 width of daily
increments width of daily increments[mm] Aver. Min Max Aver. Min
Max Aver. Min Max I II III IV V VIgeorgianus R9 0,016 0,098 0,00186
0,000941 0,004 0,88 0,00284 0,002 0,006 2,12 0,00345 0,001 0,0055
3,83 2,79 1,36 0,45 0,53 0,81C. gunnarii R9 0,013 0,048 0,0015
0,001 0,002 0,427 0,0024 0,001 0,005C. aceratus R9 0,008 0,034
0,001 0,0006 0,002 0,32 0,0016 0,001 0,002 0,83 0,0015 0,0012
0,0028 1,5 2,4 1,7 1,4 1,4 1,5S.japonicus R9 0,1 0,19 0,00051 0,36
0,00047 0,47 0,23 0,28 0,25 0,15 0,16S.japonic. R11 0,1 0,4 0,00105
0,98 0,00165 1,6 0,7 0,3 0,72 0,6 0,8M.carinatusR9 0,002 0,057
0,00114 0,367 0,00172 0,765 0,00109 1,09 0,86 0,87 0,88 0,77
0,61M.carinatusR10 0,002 0,039 0,00078 0,123 0,00047 0,241 0,00032
0,32 0,24 0,32 0,32 0,33 0,27M.carinatusR3 0,002 0,114 0,00228
0,734 0,00344 1,53 0,00218 2,18 1,73 1,73 1,75 1,54 1,22Squid ,juv
0,002 0,022 0,002 0,002 0,002 0,34 0,005 0,004 0,006Average R9
0,0082 0,0598 0,0015 0,00113 0,0025 0,4207 0,00235 0,002 0,0047
1,0188 0,00163 0,0011 0,00415 1,723 1,571 1,051 0,744 0,712 0,770S
errorSR9 0,00634 0,0326 0,000435 0,000602 0,001 0,238 0,00152
0,0014 0,0019 0,763 0,00129 0,00014 0,00192 1,467 1,221 0,618 0,509
0,525 0,5580.00360.00320.00280.00240.0020.00160.00120.00080.00040S.
japonicus R9larwy juvenes I II III IV V VI 44. Larval Nucleus on
transverse plane in otolith of juvenile of Ch. aceratus44R9=0.048
mm, 31 days, =0.0015 mm 45. 24 days larval otolith in the otolith
of juvenile ~7.6 cm C. aceratus,R9=0.048 mm, 31 days, =0.0015 mm
46. larval otolith r = 0.024 mm in the otolith of
juvenileTrematomas newnesi (after R. Radke)46 47. In the otolith
microstructure daily microincrements show that in onedirections are
very narrow and in the other directions are very wide. 48. Greater
pressure net compressed, smaller - a loose onewhen in one
directions their width are increase in the otherdirections are
decrease.This sugest that mass of otolith should be constant
parameter for growthof otolith 49. 49Ps. georgianus from South
Georgiaand South Shetland I.Age from otolith mass.The otolith
weight frequency indicated that there weremodes with normal
distributions associated with the agegroups.Ps. georgianus, Georgia
Pd., 1991; N=293the frequency Age group II of otolith weight; 52
class; MO, [g]Age group V0.0644707Age group IIIAge group IV
AgegroupVIwidth class = 0.001896 g50454025201510505 15 25 35 45
55TL, cm0.06067830.05878220.02654680.02844300.0739517Age group
I0.01706580.00948100.07584790.07774410.00379240.00758480.01137720.01516960.01896200.02275440
[gram]0.03033920.03413160.03792400.04171640.04550880.04930120.05688600.06826310.07205550.05309360.00568860.01327340.02085820.02465060.00189620.03223540.03602780.03982020.04361260.04740500.05119740.06257450.06636690.07015930.05498980.0796403Age
group 0Otolith weight class containing a highintergroup breaksAge
groups divide large intergroup breaks ~ 10 larger than the intra.
50. Adults Ps. georgianus from S. Georgia I. -19902= 18,1,8 st.
sw.P=0.021DN=0.107=0,3950Age groups are separated by large
distancesbetween groups in frequency=0,0000205s=0,000045 g S.G.
1989/900.000025460.000002730.000048180.000093640.000070917060504030201000.00010870.000004350.000056520.000160870.000213040.00026522120100402000.070.040.02[g]female0.010.030.050.060.08male00.05710.06980.0710N
= 310.06380.06260.06500.067450.06140.06620.0686N =
132=0,002040,0000557 g2= 12.89,7 st. swob.P. ufn. =
0.0749DN=0.0643= 0.99=0,0173N = 172 0,00147 g2= 7.41,7 st.
sw.P=0.595DN=0.042=1=0,000198s=0,000544 gN = 64504540353020152=
14,14,3 st. sw.P=0.0027DN=0.162=0,069N = 722= 18,1,8 st.
sw.P=0.021DN=0.107=0,39=0,04440,00717
g302520151050V0.02630.02840.03050.03260.03470.0242II
III0.036530.047470.045790.046630.041580.038210.037370.039050.040740.042420.044110.039890.043260.04495504540352520150.04831N
=
1140.05350.05470.04870.05110.05590.04990.05230.05820.05940.0606IV0.02190.02210.01770.01360.01250.01460.01670.01880.02090.01560.01980.0120.010.0110.0050.00100.0020.0040.0060.0080.0030.0070.0090d
= 0,000182 g;Idifference=~0,0085 gdifference=~0,0042 gd = 0,00052
g;difference=~0,0079 gd = 0,00211 g;difference=~0,0049 gd = 0,00084
g;=0,05480,00415 gdifference=~0,0045 gd = 0,00119 g;=0,06350,00335
gd = 0,001194 g;=0,03140,00367
g0.000328600.00011430.0005429100=0,000343s=0,000333
g0.0000714300.000014290.000128570.000185710.000242860.000300000.00035714301050=0,000113s=0,000544
g0.0001078900.000055260.000160530.000213160.000265790.000318420.0003710620100=0,000148s=0,000148
g2510500.0005333300.000255560.000811110.00108888=0,0000508s=0,0000047
gof otolith mass. 51. 5110-3gAfter confirmation that groupsin
otolith mass frequencydiffer by annualincrementN=800/3001
N=486/884R =97.66%* *0 1 2 3 4 5 61988/89 (1-10 II)L=63.47; k=0,32;
t0=-0,0074R2=0,99; L0=0,15; =3,11Age groups (0-6): in length class
( - TL, cm) and in otolith mass class ( - MO, gram), * -
homogeneous groups - test76 80563616otolith mass, MO, [g] / length
TL, [cm]1987/88 (15 XII-04 I)0 1 2 3 4 5 61989/90 (02-29
I)N=1008/605 N=588/2097F=999.99F=999.99F=761/999L=63.391,22;
k=0,330,031;t0=-0,0070,00054R2=0,98; error=10,32L0=0,15;
=3,12a=2.45710-3 5.99110-4b=0.0135 2.126510-4corr. coef. =
0.963s=3.95710-3L=68.06 0.653k=0.29 0.0135t0=-0.008 0.00012R2=0.98;
error=7.32s=2.702a=3.06710-3 4.3510-4b=0.0131 1.59410-4corr.
coeff.=0.983R2 =96.55%s=3.2510-3F=33.81L=61.53 0.66k=0.35
0.0071t0=0.007 0.00011; L0=0,15R2 =0.99; error=4.31s=2.074;
=3.12a=3.52410-3 2.06510-4b=0.01284 2.22910-5corr.coef.
.=0.988s=3.19110-3F=51.437 L=61.03 0.396k=0.35 0.0063t0=0.007
0.00011R2 =1; error=5.623s=2.37021a=4.3410-3 3.2610-4b=0.0127
1.26510-4corr..coef .=0.986R =97.19%s=3.12810-3F=18.292[cm]60402076
8060402076 80604020t [years]:1986/87 (10-12
XII)N=239/2812a=3.16810-3 5.19510-4b=0.01282 1,75610-4corr. coef. =
0.979R2=95.81%s=3.06210-3F=4.827* * *563616-4 0563616-4 0R2
=92.82%* * *-4 01990/91 (05-30
I)L=65.451,74;k=0,280,03;t0=-0,0080,0047R2=0,98; s=2,03;
F=999,99L0=0,15; =3,08L0=0,15; =3,13L0=0,15;
=3,12-a=1,85210-4b=0.0122R2=99.7%85/86 86/87 87/88 88/89 89/90
90/91 91/92 52. the age of the fish shall be determined by weighing
of otolith.Ps. georgianus of South Georgia has a heavier otoliths
and larger TL than from the Antarctic, butincreases their masses
are similar.Separating indexes neighbouring peaks in the otolith
frequency: I>2, and shows significant distances between age
groupsage groupOW [g]52TL=21,3cm; s=2,5 cm; N=41=0,0171g; s=0,0022
grange: (0,0124g-0,0257gI=634,6; 2,4 cm; N=540,0312; 0,0025
g(0,0257-0,037I=5.3Subantarctic S. Georgia10 I 79 - 29 III 7945,6;
1,8 cm; N=120,0442; 0,0025(0,037-0,049I=4.850,5; 1,3 cm; N=340,056;
0,0025 g(0,049-0,063I=2.651,3; 1,7 cm; N=280,0633;
0,0031(0,063-0,071)I=3.153 cm; 0,0716
g;>0,071A=81,98*OW-0,483R2=0,97; N=170654321076543210age
groupNo47,6; 1,86 cm; N=2290,043; 0,0028 gI=3.530,5; 1,63 cm;
N=110,0235; 0,0014 gI=6.2 49,9; 2,1 cm; N=520,0532; 0,003 gI=551,1;
1,81; N=80,0664; 0,0022 gAntarctic Zone30 XII 78 - 25 III 79 42,1;
2,24 cm; N=940,0334; 0,0018 gI=4.2A = 88.048OW+0.5222R =
0.897654321014121086420N0.01000.01200.01400.01600.01800.02000.02200.02400.02600.02800.03000.03200.03400.03600.03800.04000.04200.04400.04600.04800.05000.05200.05400.05600.05800.06000.06200.06400.06600.06800.07000.07200.0740
53. Ps. georgianus from Antarctic and Subantarctic Island growth
very similar.Otolith are species-specific and should characterized
growth similarpopulations. Growth curves of Bertalanffy for fish
from South Georgia andfrom Antarctic as was to be expected are
similar. The earlier development of thespecies in warmer S. Georgia
giving larger body and a few months older age.530 0.01 0.02 0.03
0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07605550454035302520151050OW=(t +0.5222)/88.0481;
[g] TL, cmsquares - Antarctic Zone,
30.XII.78-25.III.79:Lt=66.32(1-e-0.26(t +0.0087)); L0=0.15
cm;N=394; R2=0.99; '=3.06;t=88.048*OW-0.5222; R2=0.89Age Group, t
[years]circles - Subantarctic South Georgia I.,
10.I.1979-29.III.1979:Lt=66.1(1-e-0.28(t+0.008)); L0=0.15cm;
N=172;R2=0.98; '=3.09.Small marks are the estimated age, and large
marks are their averages.0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
