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Texas Native Americans
Kiowa Tribe Location: Live in the Great Plains Region just
north of Amarillo Food: Buffalo was important. Also, antelope,
jackrabbits, prairie dogs, coyotes & wolves Economics/Trading: Traded meat & skins for
corn, squash & beans Shelter: Lived in Tipis (tepees) Clothing: Men wore breechcloths & deerskin
moccasins. Women wore dresses, leggings & moccasins.
Government: Male dominant society where men were in control. 6 societies that the men belonged to & each society ruled something different.
Caddo Tribe Location: Coastal Plains Region in east Texas. Economics/Trading: Traded with the French, but
decided to align with the Spanish when French began trading with Caddo’s enemies.
Food: Farmers who planted maize (corn), five/six varieties of beans, squash, sunflowers, melons, pumpkins & tobacco. Also ate meat from buffalo, deer & bear. Picked berries, nuts, figs & cherries.
Shelter: Grass Hut or Mound homes Clothing: Tanners of deerskin. Men wore
breechcloths & shirts. Women wore sleeveless blouses & breechcloths under deerskin skirts.
Government: They had religious leaders & each village had a main leader known as a Chief. Chief led with a small group of other tribe members.
Coahuiltecan Tribe Location: Coastal Plains Region from Galveston
Bay to San Antonio Economics/Trading: Nomadic tribe that often
wandered from place to place for survival. Shelter: Brush lodge (portable domed huts)or
lean-to Food: Roamed to search for food. Ate fish,
pecans, catcus, mequite beans & roots of plants. Hunted deer, javelina (hog) & small mammals.
Clothing: Men wore breechcloths to their knees & women wore short skirts of soft skins. Wore fiber sandals & cloaks made of coyote hides.
Government: Lived in small bands where the Shaman or religious leaders (medicine men) lead bands & helped the sick people.
Coahuiltecan Tribe
Comanche Tribe Location: High Plains into North Central Plains. South
of the panhandle to west Texas Economics/Trading: Learned from the Spanish to
master horsemen who owned many horses to use during a hunt or war
Shelter: Tipis (tepees) Food: Hunted buffalo on horseback. Also hunted elk,
black bears, antelope, deer & wild horses if really hungry. Gathered wild plants, fruits, berries, prickly pear fruit, pecans, acorns & roots.
Clothing: buffalo hide & deerskin used for clothing. Men wore breechcloths & women wore long sleeved deerskin dresses with fringe. Robes & high boots were worn in the winter.
Government: Comanche had chiefs to make decisions & solve problems. A council also helped make decisions
Comanche Tribe
Location of all Texas Native American Tribes
Tribes Still Present in Texas Alabama-CoushattaLocated in East Texas near Woodville in
Polk County, has a reputation of being friendly, peaceful people, both men & women were fully clothed wearing colorful shirts, pants & moccasins, mostly farmers & their main crop was maize (corn) raised cattle, horses & hogs, As of 1990, the population of the Alabama-Coushatta tribe was 571.
KickapooLocated in Eagle Pass in South Texas, they
were hunters more than famers & often migrated to survive, men wore cotton shirts, buckskin leggings & moccasins, women wore full skirts, loose blouses & moccasins, they ate deer, elk & bear, crops that were grown were corn, beans & squash, important to the Kickapoo religion were medicine bundles or sacred packs. Each continued a secret or mysterious object that was special to the tribe. As of 1990, the population of the Kickapoo tribe was 790.
TiguaLocated near El-Paso, grew cotton to make clothes.
Men wore breechcloths & women wore dresses & moccasins, Tiguas were farmers who dug irrigation ditches to get water from the Rio Grande, corn, beans, squash & melons were their main crops. Rabbits were hunted & fish were caught, when they moved to Texas they brought a statue of the matron saint: Saint Anthony, Tigua’s celebrate St. Anthony’s feast day every June 13th , Corn dances were a 4 day celebration that included speeches, prayers, music, games, children were baptized by holy water & their lost teeth were thrown at the sun because they believed the sun helped everything grow.
