B.KEERTHANA11MSE0251

SUBMITTED BY

PREVENTATION OF

VIOLENCE & TERRORISM

Definition:

Violence is defined by the World Health Organization as the intentional use of physical force or power, threatened or actual, against a person, or against a group or community, that either results in or has a high likelihood of resulting in injury, death, psychological harm or deprivation.

Three forms of violence:

Direct violence: The most visual form, hurting people physically by war, beating people, abuse, mobbing, etc. It can either be experienced yourself or seen on the street but it can as well be ‘transmitted’ by movies, games, etc.

Structural violence: The type of violence that is embedded into systems. Restricting access to rights and possibilities based on gender, skin color, religion, sexual orientation, etc. The inequalities within societies and between societies create tensions which further violence if not resolved nonviolently.Cultural violence makes direct and structural violence look or feel "right," or at least not wrong, according to Galtung . The study of cultural violence highlights the way in which the act of direct violence and the fact of structural violence are legitimized and thus made acceptable in society. One mechanism of cultural violence is to change the "moral colour" of an act from "red/wrong" to "green/right," or at least to "yellow/acceptable."

Types:

Self-directed violence:Self-directed violence is subdivided into suicidal behavior and self-abuse

Interpersonal violence:Interpersonal violence is divided into two subcategories: Family and intimate partner violence – that is, violence largely between family members and intimate partners

Collective violence:Collective violence is subdivided into social, political and economic violence

Causes of violence:• The first level identifies biological and personal factors that influence how individuals behave and increase their likelihood of becoming a victim or perpetrator of violence.

• The second level focuses on close relationships, such as those with family and friends.

• The third level explores the community context—i.e., schools, workplaces, and neighbourhood .

• The fourth level looks at the broad societal factors that help to create a climate in which violence is encouraged or inhibited.

Prevention:•Developing safe, stable and nurturing relationships between children and their parents and caregivers.•Developing life skills in children and adolescents•Reducing the availability and harmful use of alcohol•Reducing access to guns•Promoting gender equality and challenging gender norms and roles to prevent violence against women•Changing cultural and social norms that support violence•Victim identification, care and support program’s.

STOP VIOLENCE

T E R R O R I S M

Definition:

•“The systematic use of terror (such as bombings, killings, and kidnappings) as a means of forcing some political objective. •It many be part of an overall effort to effect desired political change.”

What Is Terrorism ??

Is an unlawful act of violence

Intimidates governments or societies

Goal is to achieve political, religious or ideological objectives

Terrorist Motives:

Ethnic CleansingDamage InfrastructureDisrupt Normal LifeDirect Kill of an EnemyUndermine Confidence In Government

Common weapons:~Fertilizer Bombs~Dynamite~Semtex~Automatic and Semi-automatic Pistols remain the weapons of choice.~American Stinger~Russian SA-7 Hand-Held Anti-Aircraft missiles~US Army Light Anti-tank Weapon (LAW)~Russian RPG-7 Anti-Tank Weapon~And Increasing Bombing Technologies

Property of Terrorism:

Terrorism is different from regular crime because of its strong political propertiesThe definition of terrorism can vary from people to people due to the differences in standpointOne person’s terrorist can be another’s fighter

Prevention of Terrorism:Primary prevention:Education!!!Understand the differences in cultures, religions, beliefs and human behaviors

Think of the peace, freedom and equality of all human beings, not just “my group of people”

Eliminate the root of terrorism

Secondary prevention:

Establish surveillance and monitoring system on terrorism attack.Improve protective system for citizensTertiary prevention:Early detection of the sourcesPrevent the extension of impairments

Rescue the survivorsConsole the rest of the population

Methods of Terrorism:•Firearms•Explosive and Incendiary Devices•Chemical Agents•Biological Agents•Nuclear Weapon

Chemical Agents•Chemical agents kill or incapacitate people, destroy livestock or ravage crops•Some agents are odorless and tasteless•They can have an immediate or a delayed effect

Biological terrorism•Dispersal of microbes or their toxins to produce illness, death and terror•The paths of infection can be contaminated water, food, air and packages.•MicrobesBacteriaVirusesToxins

Nuclear Terrorism

•Spreading of radioactive materials through ventilation system or explosion•Disable nuclear reactor cooling system and cause leakage of radioactive materials•Detonate a nuclear weapon•No use of nuclear material for non-military terrorism has ever occurred

Conclusion:•Terrorism is unlawful act•Terrorism has a long history of being used to achieve political, religious and ideological objectives•Terrorism can be conducted through firearms, explosive devices and biological, chemical, nuclear materials •Even through the events of 2001,the risk of dying from terrorism has remained much lower than that from motor vehicles, smoking, and alcoholic beverage.

THANK YOU

THANK YOU