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Subdivisions• Gross or macroscopic anatomy • Regional– Head and neck: scalp, face, parotid region,
submandibular region, back of neck, anterior and posterior triangles of neck.
– Thorax: thoracic wall, thoracic cavity– Abdomen: abdominal wall and abdominal cavity– Upper limb: pectoral region, axilla, cubital fossa, arm,
forearm and hand– Lower limb: femoral triangle, thigh, popliteal fossa, leg
and foot.
• Systemic
Subdivisions
• Histology or microscopic anatomy• Embryology or developmental anatomy• Genetics• Surface anatomy• Radiological anatomy• Living anatomy• Applied anatomy
Language of AnatomyTERMS OF REFERENCE:
• Superior/ cranial: Near the head end
• Inferior / caudal: Near the tail end
• Anterior / ventral: Nearer to front of the body
• Posterior / dorsal: Nearer to back
• Middle: Used for a structure lying between two others those are anterior and posterior or superior and
inferior
• Median: Used for a structure lying or situated at median plane
• Medial: Nearer to the midline of body
• Lateral: Farther from the midline of body
• Intermediate: Lying between two structures, one is medial and the other lateral
• Ipsilateral: Of the same side (right or left)
• Contralateral: Of the opposite side
• Proximal & distal: Used in limbs. Indicate nearer to and farther from a fixed point. Proximal is nearer to
the fixed point while distal is farther from the fixed point
• Invagination: Inward protrusion
• Evagination: Outward protrusion
Language of AnatomyMOVEMENTS • Flexion• Extension• Lateral flexion• Adduction• Abduction• Circumduction• Rotation• Supination and Pronation • Inversion and Eversion