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Introduction to Anatomy FOR NURSING
Dr. Maha ELBeltagyDepartment of Anatomy and Histology
Faculty of Medicine
University of Jordan
2020
1
ANATOMY
System based
1. Upper Limb
2. Lower Limb
3. Musculoskeletal system
4. IBLS (immune/blood/lymphatic
system)
5. Cardiovascular system (CVS)
6. Respiratory system
7. Urinary system
8. Endocrine system
9. Reproductive system
10. Gastrointestinal system
11. Nervous system
How to study anatomy
1. RESPECT the Subject
2. Make a mental picture of everything you study
3. Practical Classes
4. Talk about it. Discussion
5. Teach
6. 6-Drawing
7. Read,Read,Read,Read
11
Gastr / ic……… Related to.
Gastr / itis……….Inflammation.
Gastr / ectomy………..Removal.
………/ Logy……….Science
Word Root……..Origin of the word.
eg: Gastr = Stomach
Suffix ………Word ending.
Basic word parts
12
Prefix Word beginning.
Epi Above eg:
Epi/gastr /ic
Hypo Below eg:
Hypo/gastr /ic
Anti Against eg: Anti/bio
/tic
A NO eg:
A/vascular
Anatomical Position
the anatomical position is the standard reference position of the body used to describe the location of structures
Standing erect, with palms and feet facing forward
1- Is a vertical plane
2- Passes through the center of the body
3-Divids the body into equal right and left halves
Median Sagittal Plane
Is situated to one or the other side of the median plane and parallel to it.
ANATOMICAL PLANES
Coronal PlaneIs an imaginary vertical planes divide the
body into
anterior and posterior
parts
Transverse, horizontal divide the body into
superior and inferior parts
Positions and Directions
Terms of position and direction describe the position ofone body part relative to another
Anterior :Refers to a structure being more in frontPosterior : Refers to a structure being more in back
Superior :Refers to a structure being higherInferior : Refers to a structure being lower
Medial : Refers to a structure being closer to the midlineLateral :Refers to a structure being farther away from the midline
Proximal and distal are used
with reference to being closer
or farther from a structure's
origin, particularly in the
limbs.
For example, the hand is
distal to the elbow joint.
Cranial (towards the head) and caudal
(towards the tail) are sometimes used instead of
superior and inferior respectively
Directional TermsTo describe the position of one body part relative to another.
Term Meaning Anterior Nearer to front of body
Posterior Nearer to the back
Superior Nearer to the head
Inferior Nearer to the feet
Median Central line of the body
Medial Nearer to the median line
Lateral Away from median line
Proximal Nearer to point of origin
Distal Away from point of origin
Superficial: Nearer to body surface
Deep: Away from body surface
18
1- The stomach is
…………………
…to intestine
2- The liver is
………………..to
diaphragm
3- The point A is
………… to
point B
4- The point C is
………… to
point B
ABC
Abduction/Adduction
Abduction—moving a body part away from midline
Adduction—moving a body part toward the midline
Medial/Lateral Rotation
Medial rotation—rotation towards the center of the body
Lateral rotation—rotation away the center of the body
Retraction Moving a part backwardProtraction Moving a part forward
Opposition : Movement of the thumb across the palm of the hand.
Thoracic Cavity
• Upper ventral, thoracic or chest cavity
• Contains:
– Heart
– Lungs
– Trachea
– Esophagus
– Large blood vessels
– Nerves
• Bound laterally by ribs and the diaphragm caudally
Abdominopelvic Cavity
• Lower part of ventral cavity
• Abdominal:
– Gastrointestinal tract
– Kidneys
– Adrenal glands
• Pelvic:
– Urogenital system
– Rectum
Dorsal Cavity
• Smaller of two main cavities
• Upper portion:
– Cranial cavity
– Brain
• Lower portion:
– Vertebral canal house spinal cord