WAYMO

WAYMOSUBMITTED TO:-KUSUM DALALASSTT. PROF.ECE DEPARTMENTSUBMITTED BY:-PANKAJ RAO14001003906ECE IV Year

CONTENTSHISTORYCAR DESIGNHOW TO WORKTECHNOLOGY LIDAR RADAR ORIENTATION SENSOR WHEEL HUB SENSORROAD TESTING CRASHES LIMITATION

HISTORYWaymois anautonomous car development company spun out of Google's parent company,Alphabet Inc., in December 2016. It then took over theself-driving car projectwhich Google had begun in 2009. Alphabet describes Waymo as a self-driving tech company with a mission to make it safe and easy for people and things to move around. The new company, which will be headed by long-time automotive executive John Krafcik , is working towards making self-driving cars available to the public soonGoogle's self driving car project was formerly led bySebastian Thrun , former director of theStanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratoryand co-inventor ofGoogle Street View.

CAR DESIGN

TECHNOLOGYGoogle's robotic cars have about $150,000 in equipment including a $70,000LIDARsystem.The range finder mounted on the top is a Velodyne64-beam laser. This laser allows the vehicle to generate a detailed 3D map of its environment. The car then takes these generated maps and combines them with high-resolution maps of the world, producing different types of data models that allow it to drive itself.The project team has equipped a number of different types of cars with the self-driving equipment, including theToyota Prius,Audi TT, andLexus RX450h,Google has also developed their own custom vehicle, which is assembled byRoush Enterprisesand uses equipment fromBosch,ZF Lenksysteme,LG, andContinental.

TECHNOLOGY USED IN CARLIDAR RADARORIENTATION SENSORWHEEL HUB SENSOR

LIDARLIDAR, which stands for Light Detection and Ranging, is a remote sensing method that uses light in the form of a pulsed laser to measure ranges (variable distances) to the Earth.

Contt.Lidar is asurveyingmethod that measures distance to a target by illuminating that target with a laserlight. The nameLidar, sometimes considered an acronym ofLight Detection And Ranging(sometimesLight Imaging, Detection, And Ranging), was originally a chestoflightandradar.Lidar is popularly used to make high-resolution maps, with applications in,geomatics,geography,geology,forestry,atmospheric physics, laser guidance. Lidar sometimes is calledlaser scanningand3D scanning.

LIDAR WORKING

RADARRadaris an object-detection system that usesradio wavesto determine the range, angle, or velocity of objects. It can be used to detectaircraft, ships,spacecraft,guided missiles,motor vehicles,weather formations, and terrain. A radar system consists of atransmitterproducingelectromagnetic wavesin the radio ormicrowavesdomain, a transmittingantenna, a receiving antenna (often the same antenna is used for transmitting and receiving) and a receiverandprocessorto determine properties of the object(s). Radio waves (pulsed or continuous) from the transmitter reflect off the object and return to the receiver, giving information about the object's location and speed

Contt.

RADAR SENSOR

ORIENTATION SENSOR Orientation sensor is also known as Accelerometer sensor. Basically it is detect the small change of the car position. ..!In simple terms,Accelerometeris a sensor(Hardware) in your vehicles which isHighly accurate can detect small changes in the position of your vehicles.WhileOrientation sensor & Gravity sensors(Hardware) refers to aless accurate accelerometer sensorcan detect only when major change occurs. As the Orientation sensor & Gravity sensors are less accurate, Thats Why cost is low.

Orientation sensor

WHEEL HUB SENSORSA wheel speed sensor, also called an "ABS sensor," is part of the Anti-lock Brake System (ABS). It is located on the tires (near the brake rotors for the front tires and in the rear end housing for the rear tires). The job of the wheel speed sensor is to constantly monitor and report the rotational speed of each tire to the ABS control module. ABS is a safety system that prevents your car from skidding or sliding when you apply the brakes. When the brake is applied, the ABS control module reads the speed data from the speed sensor and sends the correct pressure to each wheel to prevent any sliding/skidding (wheels locking up).

ROAD TESTINGIn 2012, the test group of vehicles included sixToyota Prius, anAudi TT, and threeLexus RX450h,each accompanied in the driver's seat by one of a dozen drivers with unblemished driving records and in the passenger seat by one of Google's engineers. By May 2015, that fleet consisted solely of 23 Lexus SUVs.In 2016,During testing, the prototypes' speed will not exceed 25mph (40km/h) and will have safety drivers aboard the entire time. As a consequence, one of the vehicles was stopped by police for impeding traffic flow

LIMITATIONAs of August 28, 2014, according toComputer WorldGoogle's self-driving cars were in fact unable to use about 99% of US roads.As of the same date, the latest prototype had not been tested in heavy rain or snow due to safety concerns.Because the cars rely primarily on pre-programmed route data, they do not obey temporary traffic lights and, in some situations, revert to a slower "extra cautious" mode in complex unmapped intersections. The vehicle has difficulty identifying when objects, such as trash and light debris, are harmless, causing the vehicle to veer unnecessarily. Additionally, the Lidar technology cannot spot some potholes or discern when humans, such as a police officer, are signaling the car to stop.Google projects plan on having these issues fixed by 2020.

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