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WELCOME

Summer Training AtINDIRA GANDHI SUPER THERMAL POWER PROJECT (NTPC JHAJJAR)

Submitted by :Nadeem Khilji11EVEEX0327Th Sem. EEE

Vyas Institute of Engineering & Technology,

Jodhpur

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Contents :- About the Company About the Plant Pre-Requisites Pollution Control Measures Special Features Generation Of Electricity Steam Power Station Electricity Generation Process Equipment's of Steam Power Station Electrical Equipment’s

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About the Company :- APCPL is a Joint Venture of NTPC, HPGCL & IPGCL. APCPL was registered on 21st Dec. 2006 . NTPC is the Largest Thermal Power Generation Company of India. NTPC holds 50% equity stake in the Company while HPGCL holds 25%

and IPGCL holds 25%. IGSTPP, APCPL was awarded with GOLD AWARD in Thermal Power

Sector during 13th annual Greentech Environment Excellence Award 2012

Fig. a:Courtesy : www.apcpl.co.in

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About Power Plant :- The Plant is located at village Jharli in Jhajjar District of Haryana

covering land area of 2191 acre . The Plant have in plant Medical Facilities, School, Community Centre,

Club, Shopping Complex, Stadium. Plant Details :-

Capacity : Stage I : 1500MW (3x500MW) Stage II : 1320MW (2x660MW)

Beneficiary : Haryana, Delhi. Coal Linkage : Mahanadi Coal Field, Eastern Coalfield Ltd, Northern

Coalfield Ltd. Water Courtesy : Jawaharlal Nehru Feeder Canal. Power Evacuation : 2x400KV Double circuit system to Daulatabad and

Mundka.

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IGSTPP Model :-

Fig. b: IGSTPP ModelCourtesy: Captured by me.

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Pre-Requisites :- Availability of land & its cost.

Availability of water.

Supply of fuel.

Transportation facility.

Nearness to load centres.

Distance from populated area.

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Pollution Control Measures :- Air Pollution Control Devices are installed in the plant

275m high Chimney.

Plant is designed on the concept of ‘Zero Discharge’ as a result 100% water resource is maintained.

Installation of Sewage Treatment Plant (STP)

Implementation of Solid Waste Management Plan.

Green belt development.

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Special Features :- Water is stored in 2 reservoirs built on 350acres of land with HDPE

piping, and storage capacity of 35 lakh m3 each.

RO Plant for recycling the waste water of station to ensure zero

effluent discharge.

Water requirement 7400 m3/hr.

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About Electricity Principle of Electricity was given by Michael Faraday in early 1830s.

Electricity is generated by the movement of a loop of wire, or disc between the poles of magnet.

Faraday’s Law of Induction : The induced emf in any closed circuit is equal to the negative of the time rate of change of the magnetic flux through the circuit.

Steam (Thermal) Power Plant :- A generating station which converts heat energy of coal combustion

into electrical energy is known as STEAM POWER STATION. Steam Power Stations basically work on Rankine Cycle.

Fig. c: Pie chart showing generation of electrical energy

Thermal Power-

60%

HydroElectricity-

30%

Others-10%

Rankine Cycle

Fig. d: Graph PV & TSCourtesy : www.learnEngineering.org

Rankine Cycle is an idealised thermodynamic cycle of heat engine that conversts heat into mechanical work

Efficiency of Rankine cycle is limited by the high heat of vaporization of the fluid.

Fig. e: Rankine CycleCourtesy : www.learnEngineering.org

Fig. f: Rankine CycleCourtesy: www.learnEngineering.org 11

Electricity Generation Process :-

Fig. g: Electricity Generation ProcessCourtesy : http://www.macgen.com.au/Generation-Portfolio/The-Electricity-Generation-Process.aspx

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Layout of Steam Power Station :-

Fig. h: Layout of Thermal Power PlantCourtesy: Principles of Power System by V.K. Mehta & Rohit Mehta

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Equipment of Steam Power Station :- Coal Handling Plant Steam Generating Plant Ash Handling Plant Steam Turbine Condenser Cooling Arrangement Water Treatment Plant Alternator & Exciter Electrical Equipment's

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Coal Handling Plant :- Coal is transported to power station by Rail or Road Transportation.

Coal is then Pulverised in order to increase its surface exposure.

Pulverised Coal is fed to boilers by belt conveyors.

Pulverisation :-

Advantages Dis-advantages Investment cost of plant is increased. Explosion hazards exist. Auxiliary power consumption of the plant increased.

Rate of combustion can be controlled. Even low grade coal can be used. The percentage of excess air required is low.

Pulverisation is a means of exposing a large surface area to the action of oxygen

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Boiler :-A Boiler is a closed vessel in which water, under pressure is converted into steam.

Fire tube boiler

Water tube boiler

The Products of combustion pass through the tube which are surrounded with water.

Simple, Compact and Rugged in construction.

Water flows inside the tubes and hot gases flow outside the tubes.

Further classified as vertical, horizontal and inclined.

Type of Boilers

Advantages: Advantages:Low Initial Cost.Economical only for Low

Pressure

Uniform Heating of all Parts

Increased EfficiencyBetter Control on

Temperature.

Boiler

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Ash Handling Plant :- The Ash so produced is moved to Ash Handling plant.

Ash is cooled and then sent to Ash Storage plant.

Ash is used to make bricks, Roads, Cement, Land Filling, In agriculture, Mine filling, Fertilisers, etc.

Fig. i: Ash Handling PlantCourtesy: http://supriyaengineering.com

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Electrostatic Precipitator :- Used to remove dust and other fine particulates from the flue gases

before disposing them in the atmosphere.

Consists of highly charged plates.

Suspension Passes through an electrically discharged area where ionization takes place.

The particulates are wiped off and clear smoke is disposed off.

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Super Heater :- A Super Heater is device which superheats the steam, it raises the

temperature of Steam above Boiling Point of Water.

Increases Overall Efficiency.

Too much condensation in turbine is avoided.

Steam is heated by the flue gases.

Types :- Radiant Super Heater.

Convection Super Heater.

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Radiant Super heater Placed in the furnace between

water walls and receives heat from the burning fuel through radiation process.

Disadvantage :- Due to high furnace

temperature it may get over heated, hence require careful design.

Convection Super heater Place in the boiler tube bank

and receives heat from flue gases through convection process.

Advantage :- Temperature increases with

the increase in steam output.

Economiser :- It is feed water heater. Derives heat from flue gases. Feed water is supplied to it before supplying to boiler. Economiser uses the heat of flue gases and uses it for heating feed

water.Flue Gases

Flue Gases

Feed Water Inlet

Feed Water Outlet

Fig. j: Economiser Block DiagramCourtesy: www.learnEngineering.org 22

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Air Preheater :- It increases the temperature of air supplied for coal burning by

deriving heat from flue gases.

Air is drawn from atmosphere by forced draught fan.

It extracts heat from the flue gases and increases the temperature of air used for coal combustion.

Principal benefits are :- Increased thermal efficiency.

Increased steam capacity per square meter of boiler surface.

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Steam Turbine :- The heat energy of steam when passing over the blades of turbine is

converted into mechanical energy.

Advantages : Speed

Less floor Area

Low Maintenance cost

Fig. k: Steam Turbine ModelCourtesy : Captured by Me

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Condenser :- A Condenser is a device which condenses the steam at the exhaust of

turbine.

It creates very low pressure at the exhaust of the turbine, permitting expansion of steam in the prime mover at very low pressure.

Condensed steam can be used as feed water to the boiler.

Fig. l: CondenserCourtesy : http://upload.wikimedia.org

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Types Of Condensers :-

Jet Condenser Surface Condenser No direct contact between

cooling water and exhausted steam.

Cooling water flows through the tubes and exhausted steam over the surface of the tubes.

Cooling water and exhausted steam are mixed together.

Temperature of cooling water and condensate is the same when leaving the condenser.

Advantages: Advantages: Low initial cost Less floor area required Low Maintenance Charges Less Cooling Water Required

Condensate Can be Used as feed water

Less Pumping power required.

Disadvantages: Disadvantages: Condensate is wasted High Power is required for

pumping.

High initial cost Large floor area required High Maintenance Charges

Cooling Tower :- Is a heat rejection device which extracts waste heat to the

atmosphere through the cooling of a water steam to lower the temperature.

Fig. m: Cooling TowerCourtesy: Captured by me.

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Water Treatment Plant :- Boilers require clean and soft water for longer life and better

efficiency. Courtesy of boiler feed water is river or lake which may contain

suspended and dissolved impurities, dissolved gases. So the water must be first purified and Softened by Chemical

Treatment and then feed to boiler. Suspended impurities are removed by

Sedimentation Coagulation Filtration

Dissolved Gases are removed by Aeration and Degasification. Water is Soften by removing temporary and permanent hardness by

Chemical process.

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Alternator :- Alternator is machine which converts the mechanical energy into the

electrical energy. Alternator is mechanically coupled with the steam turbine. Alternator may be Hydrogen or Air Cooled.

Fig. n: AlternatorCourtesy: www.learnEngineering.org

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Transformer :- A Transformer is a static device that transfer electrical energy

from one circuit to another circuit without changing the Frequency, Voltage level can be Stepped up / Stepped Down as per requirement.

In the Plant Generation is done at 33 KV. There are 2 types of Transformers installed in the plant they

are viz.: Power Transformer

Unit Auxiliary Transformer.

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Main Parts of Switchyard :- Circuit Breaker

Isolator

Current Transformer

Potential Transformer

Lightning Arrestor

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Circuit Breaker :- Circuit Breaker is a mechanical device which is used to make or break

an electrical circuit under normal & abnormal conditions. It’s used to protect the electrical circuit from damage caused by

overload or Short Circuit.

Fig. o: 400 KV SF6 Circuit BreakerCourtesy : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:400kv.jpg

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Isolator :- It’s used to ensure that an electrical circuit is completely de-

energized for maintenance. It’s used under NO LOAD condition. So are called as OFF-LOAD

DEVICES.

Fig. p: High Voltage Disconnector.Courtesy : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:RNDZ-1-110.jpg

Instrument Transformers :- Current Transformer : It used for measuring alternating electrical

current. Potential Transformer : It is used in power systems to step down extra

high voltage signals and provide a low voltage signal, for measurement or to operate a protective relay.

Fig. q: Current Transformer (SF6)Courtesy : http://mydocs.epri.com

Fig. r: Potential TransformerCourtesy : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:RNDZ-1-110.jpg

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Lightening Arrestor :- These are used to protect the switchyard from lightening phenomena. These are installed at the entrance, before and after the

transformers.

Fig. s: Lightening ArrestorCourtesy : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:la.jpg

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Advantages :- Fuel is very cheap

Less initial cost

Can be installed at any place.

Require less space.

Generation cost is low

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References :- Principles of Power System by V.K. MEHTA & ROHIT MEHTA https://www.linkedin.com/company/apcpl---a-joint-venture-of-ntpc-ltd-

hpgcl-and-ipgcl http://www.apcpl.co.in http://www.hpgcl.gov.in http://en.wikipedia.org/ http://www.macgen.com.au/Generation-Portfolio/The-Electricity-

Generation-Process.aspx

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ANY QUERIES?

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THANK YOU