SMART GRID

SUBMITTED BY: SADUF SHABEERROLL NO:1/14/FET/MPS/1/002

DEPARTMENT: EEE

TABLE OF CONTENT:

INTRODUCTION SMART GRID WORKING TWO WAY COMMUNACTION COMPONENTS COMPARISON ADVANTAGES LOOPHLES CONCLUSION REFRENCES

INTRODUCTION: Electric grid delivers power from

the plants where it is generated to consumers through transmission and distribution lines, substation, transforms and switches without giving any information about usage.

Smart grid is the 21st century electric grid which helps to manage power, communicate with consumer and use renewable sources

WHAT IS A SMART GRID?

Smart grid is integration of electrical, digital, communication, and IT technology

It is an intelligent future electricity system which delivers electricity to consumers using two way transmission technology.

TWO WAY COMMUNICATIONS:

Helps in communication between smart meter and central system

With the help of two way communication people can generate their own power from renewable sources and send energy back to the grid that can enhance our supply particularly during peak hours. Hence minimizing dependence on fossil fuels

Two way communication helps charging of electric cars only when sufficient renewable energy is present

COMPONENTS OF SMART GRID: A Smart grid has two main components:

1)The connectivity Network Core Networks Distribution Networks  

2) Access Networks Sensing and measurement

 

CORE NETWORK:

The Core network handles connectivity between substations and utilities’ head offices.

Technologies used for core network implementation include: Wire line technologies Fiber  

Wireless technologies  

WiMAX

DISTRIBUTION NETWORK: The Distribution network handles broadband connectivity for

transmitting data collected by Smart Power Grid concentrators and distribution automation devices (e.g. monitors, sensors, ), which are located on the grid, to their related databases and analytics servers, which are located at headquarters.

Technologies used are: Wireline technologies Fiber  

BPL (broadband over power lines)   Wireless technologies WiMAX  

License-exempt broadband wireless  

GSM

SENSING AND MEASUREMENT:

For sensing and measurement smart meter is used

Exactly how much electricity you are using.

How much it is costing you in rupee per hour

How much harmful carbon dioxide your household contributes to the greenhouse effect  

FEATURES: 

Communication-able to communicate with the data management system which is placed on a server either at the utility or at the system provider.

Smart disconnect/reconnect-allows the utility to switch off the power remotely and to switch the power back on.

Tamper Protection- is integrated as a real time clock will stamp any breaking of the seal.

Voltage Quality- are measured and recorded providing the energy distributor with valuable information to perform an efficient grid operation.

Load profile- The Utility may also take advantage of the recorded load profile data and four quadrant measuring for optimization of the grid load. 

Shunt measuring principle-secures an accurate measuring of consumed energy.

Tariffing- reduces power demand during peak hours Energy Awareness- It makes it a lot easier for the

consumer to follow his energy consumption.

COMPARISON:

ADVANTAGES:

Reduce carbon foot-prints Self-healing Automated control for distribution Sensing and measurement

technologies increased efficiency Self monitoring

LOOPHOLES OF SMART GRID:

Present Infrastructure is inadequate and requires augmentation to support the growth of Smart Grids.

Most renewable resources are intermittent and can not be relied on (in its present form)for secure energy supply  

Regulatory Policies to deal with consequences of Smart Grid; like off peak, peak tariffs and other related matters.  

Grid Operation : Monitoring & control

It refers to the modernized version of the earlier traditional method of energy supply.

Smart home, smart meter, smart city- overall, a smart system is going to be the reality in recent future.

CONCLUSION:

REFERENCES:

“Position paper on smart grids: an ERGEG conclusions paper”.

Ref: E10-EQS-38-05. 10 June 2010. Research Reports International. “Understanding

the Smart Grid”. 1st Edition. August 2007. European Commission. “European Smart Grids

Technology Platform: Vision and Strategy for Europe´s Electricity Networks of the Future”. Directorate for Research. 2006.

International Energy Agency (IEA)Century”. 2009 Energy Policy Forum.