“RESOURCES AND POWER

DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA”

A Presentation on

Presented by:Shilpi MathurKiranjit Kaur

CONTENTSOverview of- Thermal Power Nuclear Power Hydro Power Solar Power Wind Power Biomass Power Geothermal Energy Tidal Wave Energy

SOURCES OF ENERGY Fuels Nuclear Energy Energy stored in water Solar Energy Wind Power Biomass Power Geothermal Energy Tidal Power

THERMAL POWER Coal based Most frequent fuel of energy

Gas based Liquefied natural gas is used

Oil based

GENERATION: Thermal power plant is generally a steam

driven power plant. Water is heated, turns into steam and spins

a steam turbine which drives an electrical generator.

About 70% of the electricity consumed in India is generated through thermal power plants

Vindhyachal super thermal power plant is the largest in India

It generates 4360MW of electricity

HYDRO POWER

Hydroelectricity is the

term referring to electricity generated by hydropower

Three Gorges dam

GENERATION: Production of electrical power through the

use of the gravitational force of falling or flowing water

Nathra Jhakri is the largest power plant of India

It produces 1500MW of electricity India produces approximately 20% of the

world’s electricity India ranks 5th in the world in generation of

hydropower

ADVANTAGES: Elimination of the cost of fuel

Hydroelectric plants have long economic lives, with some plants still in service after 50–100 years

Do not directly produce carbon dioxide

Produces no waste

PROPOSED HYDRO POWER PROJECTS:

Rampur Hydropower Project downstream from Nathpa Jhakri on the River Satluj in Himachal Pradesh

Vishnugad Pipalkoti Hydro Power project on the River Alaknanda in Uttarakhand

Luhri Hydro Electric Project on the River Sutlej in Himachal Pradesh

NUCLEAR POWER

A Nuclear Reactor is a device to initiate and control a sustained nuclear chain reaction

GENERATION: Heat from nuclear fission is used to raise

steam, which runs through turbines

Currently, twenty nuclear power reactors produce 4,780 MW which is about 2.7% of total generation

India has a vision of becoming the world leader in nuclear power technology

An induced nuclear fission event

The power output of the reactor is adjusted by controlling how many neutrons are able to create more fissions

ADVANTAGES:

Practically independent of geographical factor

No combustion products

Clean source of power which does not contribute to air pollution

Fuel transportation networks and large storage facilities not required

DISADVANTAGES:

High risk of accidents

Waste from nuclear energy is extremely dangerous

Uranium is a scarce resource

India's operating Nuclear Power Reactors: Reactor State Type MW net, each Commercial

operationSafeguard

StatusTarapur 1 & 2 Maharashtra BWR 150 1969 item-specific

Kaiga 1 & 2 Karnataka PHWR 202 1999-2000Kaiga 3 & 4 Karnataka PHWR 202 2007, (due 2011)

Kakrapar 1 & 2 Gujarat PHWR 202 1993-95 December 2010 under new agreement

Madras 1 & 2 (MAPS)

Tamil Nadu PHWR 202 1984-86

Narora 1 & 2 Uttar Pradesh PHWR 202 1991-92 in 2014 under new agreement

Rajasthan 1 Rajasthan PHWR 90 1973 item-specificRajasthan 2 Rajasthan PHWR 187 1981 item-specific

Rajasthan 3 & 4 Rajasthan PHWR 202 1999-2000 early 2010 under new agreement

Rajasthan 5 & 6 Rajasthan PHWR 202 Feb & April 2010

Oct 2009 under new agreement

Tarapur 3 & 4 Maharashtra PHWR 490 2006, 05Total (20) 4385 Mwe

SOLAR POWERSolar Energy can be tappedusing: Solar thermal

Photo voltaic cell

An aerial view of solar panel

SOLAR THERMAL :

Solar energy is used to produce steam which is subsequently used to drive a turbo-generator

PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL:

Photovoltaic is the direct conversion of light into electricity at the atomic level

The first Indian solar thermal power project (2X50MW) is in progress in Phalodi (Rajasthan)

Costs 4 times as much as the coal based steam thermal power plant

India has desert area of 2,08,110 sq km in Rajasthan and Gujarat

A 60km * 60km area can produce 1,00,000 MW of power

WIND POWER

Wind turbines in Tamil Nadu

Velocity of the wind is used to rotate large fans attached to turbines. The Kinetic energy from wind is converted into mechanical energy.

TYPES OF WIND TURBINES : Horizontal axis wind machines - The main

rotor shaft and electrical generator is located at the top of a tower, and must be pointed into the wind

Vertical axis wind machines – They have the main rotor shaft arranged vertically. So, does not need to be pointed into the wind to be effective

CONTINUED…

SUB TYPES :

Darrieus - Good efficiency, produce large torque ripple and cyclical stress on the tower, which contributes to poor reliability.

Giromill - A subtype of Darrieus turbine with straight, as opposed to curved, blades

Savonius – High reliability, low efficiency power turbines and self-starting if there are at least three scoops.

Darrieus wind turbine

PROBLEMS IN OPERATING LARGE WIND POWER GENERATORS :

Location of site Constant angular velocity Variation in wind velocity Need of a storage system Strong supporting structure Occupation of large area of land

GENERATION: The turbines rotate the generator to

produce electricity.

India has the second largest installed wind power capacity in the world

Installed capacity of wind power in India is 12009.14 MW

It is estimated that 6,000 MW of additional wind power capacity will be installed in India by 2012

INSTALLED CAPACITY : Tamil Nadu 6007 MW Maharashtra 2310.70 MW Gujarat 2175.60 MW Karnataka 1730.10 MW Rajasthan 1524.70 MW Madhya Pradesh 275.50 MW Andhra Pradesh 200.20 MW Kerala 32.8 MW Orissa 2 MW West Bengal 1.1 MW

BIOMASS POWER

Bagasse, Forestry and agro residue & Agricultural based industrial wastes are burnt to produce steam

Agro-residues 16,881MW Bagasse cogeneration 5000MWFrom waste 2700MW

GENERATION :

Indian Biomass reaches 1GW in 2010

Has gained momentum because of limited availability of conventional energy

Attracts investment of over INR 600 crores every year

Generates more than 5000 million units of electricity

Employment of more than 10 million man in rural areas

CONTINUED… The proposed eight plants each having a

power generation capacity of up to 8 MW would come up in Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Punjab and Rajasthan

Green Planet Energy Private Limited has invested a sum of 9.6 billion rupees on setting up 14 biomass power projects in the state of Punjab

BARRIERS : Biomass produces greenhouse emissions

It takes considerable energy to produce biofuels from certain feedstock

Biomass collection is difficult

Biomass crops not available all year

Still an expensive source, both in terms of producing the biomass and converting it to alcohols

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

Geothermal energy is utilized to produce steam for generation of electricity earth’s natural heat available inside

Mumbai power plant

APPLICATIONS: Generation of electric

power

Space heating for buildings

Industrial process heat

GENERATION: Energy is accessed by drilling water or

steam wells

Geothermal provinces can produce 10,600 MW of power

15th position in geothermal power use by country

POTENTIAL SITES : Puga Valley (J&K) Tatapani (Chhattisgarh) Godavari Basin Manikaran (Himachal

Pradesh) Bakreshwar (West Bengal) Tuwa (Gujarat) Unai (Maharashtra) Jalgaon (Maharashtra)

TIDAL WAVE ENERGY Energy of sea tides is used to rotate

turbines which drive generators to produce electricity

Tidal power potential in India is 8000-9000 MW

Gulf of Cambay 7000MW Gulf of Kutch 1200MW Sunder bans 100MW

COMPONENTS: Dam or Dyke The function of dam is to form a barrier

between the sea and the basin or between one basin and the other in case of multiple basins .

Sluice ways These are used to fill the basin during the high

tide or empty the basin during the low tide. Power house

CLASSIFICATION AND OPERATION:

Single basin arrangement Single ebb-cycle system Single tide-cycle system Double cycle system Double basin arrangement

Public sector has a share of 97%

NHPC – National Hydroelectric Power Corporation

NEEPCO – Northeast Electric Power Company

SJVNL – Satluj Jal Vidut Nigam

CONCLUSION Backbone of Economic Development

Main input for Agriculture and Industry

Energy Crisis

Pollution

THANK YOU!