Process Optimization for Small-Scale LNG Plants

Revised April 2016

PROCESS OPTIMIZATION

FOR SMALL-SCALE LNG PLANTSKED – The Woodlands

Shilpa Dubey | Process Engineering

Tom Maramba | Process Dept. Manager

Bill Schaefer | Senior Process Manager

Dipanjan Bhattacharya | Technology Manager

3PROCESS OPTIMIZATION FOR SMALL-SCALE LNG PLANTS

KIEWIT OVERVIEW


OPERATING STRUCTURE

WESTERNREGION

CENTRALREGION

EASTERNREGION

US

OPERATIONS

CANADA OPERATIONS

BUILDING MININGAUSTRALIA

OPERATIONS

KIEWIT MINING GROUP

KIEWIT BUILDING GROUP

KIEWIT ENERGY GROUPKIEWIT INFRASTRUCTURE

GROUP

KIEWIT CORPORATIONBruce Grewcock, President & CEO

KIEWIT CORPORATIONBruce Grewcock, President & CEO

KED - The

WoodlandsKED - Lenexa

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwjEmfvZmevLAhWpsYMKHdaTDN4QjRwIBw&url=http://www.scotiabank.com/ca/en/0,,6561,00.html&psig=AFQjCNETQs7FN5yJYCu_T-61xO_0zoFHuA&ust=1459523171039721


Kiewit Overview

Small-Scale LNG Business Opportunities

CapEx vs. OpEx

Small-Scale LNG Process Flow

Feed Gas Pre-Treatment

Liquefaction & Storage

Liquefaction Technology Selection

Main Utilities

Other Considerations

Summary

OUTLINE


SMALL-SCALE LNG BUSINESS

OPPORTUNITIES


BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES

Technology Licensing

Engineering & Design

Project Management

Procurement

Commissioning& Start Up

Construction

Peak Shavers

Base Load Plants

High Horse Power

Machines(e.g. Drilling)

LNG Marine & Truck Fuel

Stranded Gas & Satellite Plants

Locomotive Fuel

Small-Scale

LNG Projects


CAPEX VS. OPEX

Tend to prioritize low CAPEX over reduced EFFICIENCIES and increased OPEX


LNG PROCESS FLOW


LNG PROCESS FLOW

Feed Gas Pipeline

Feed Gas Metering

Booster Compressor

Mercury Removal

Acid Gas Removal

Unit (AGRU)

DehydrationHeavy HC RemovalLiquefactionLNG StorageShip / Truck

Loading

Boil-Off-Gas,

(BOG)

Wet

Regeneration

Gas

Internal

Fuel Gas

Re-Liquefied

BOG

Internal

Fuel Gas

Return to Pipeline

Domestic

Fuel Gas

BOG

Compressor

S

T

A

R

T

F

I

N

I

S

H


FEED GAS PRE-TREATMENT



Mercury Removal

< 0.01 µg/Nm3

Acid Gas Removal

CO2 < 50ppmv H2S< 4ppmv

Dehydration

H2O < 0.1 ppmvHeavy HC Removal

NO ONE-SIZE-FITS-ALL SOLUTION

• Sulfur Impregnated

Activated Carbon

• Metal Oxides (needs

H2S)

• Metal Sulfides

• Temperature Swing

Adsorption (TSA)

• Amine

• Mol. Sieve

TSA

• TSA

• Cryogenic Separation

CAN BE COMBINED INTO A SINGLE VESSEL



Feed Gas Pipeline

Feed Gas Metering

Booster Compressor

(as required)

Mercury Removal

Acid Gas Removal

Unit (AGRU)


Loading

Boil-Off-Gas,

(BOG)

Wet

Regeneration

Gas

Internal

Fuel Gas

Re-Liquefied

BOG

Internal

Fuel Gas

Return to Pipeline

Domestic

Fuel Gas

S

T

A

R

T

F

I

N

I

S

H


LNG LIQUEFACTION & STORAGE



Liquefaction LNG StorageBoil-Off-Gas (BOG)

Handling

• Single Mixed Refrigerant

Loop

• Nitrogen Recycle Loop

BOG Disposition:

• Pipeline

• Re-liquefy, return to LNG

Tank

• Fuel Gas

• Single / Double / Full

Containment

• In-Tank or Ex-Tank Pumps

• Pressurized Bullets (NFPA

59A permit as maximum of

280,000 US gal.)


LIQUEFACTION TECHNOLOGY SELECTION

FOR SMALL-SCALE LNG

Summary of Process Technology Selection Criteria

Liquefaction

Efficiency

Plant

Location

Ease of

Operation

Reduction

of BOG

Refrigerant

Availability &

Handling

Environmental

ImpactCapEx OpEx

Advantage

SMR� �

Advantage N2

Recycle � � � � � � �

Adapted from: “Plant Design Considerations for Small-Scale LNG Plants” Dipanjan Bhattacharya & Jason Yong (Kiewit), Scott Trautmann (APCI)(submitted for publication in LNG Industry Journal, June 2016)



Feed Gas Pipeline

Feed Gas Metering

Booster Compressor

(as required)

Mercury Removal

Acid Gas Removal

Unit (AGRU)


Loading

Boil-Off-Gas,

(BOG)

Wet

Regeneration

Gas

Internal

Fuel Gas

Re-Liquefied

BOG

Internal

Fuel Gas

Return to Pipeline

Domestic

Fuel Gas

S

T

A

R

T

F

I

N

I

S

H


MAIN UTILITIES & OTHER

CONSIDERATIONS


MAIN UTILITIES

Hot Oil Heater

Direct-Fired Heater

Electric Heater

Heating

Medium

Feed Gas

Boil-Off-Gas

Vaporized Heavy

HCs

Fuel Gas

SMR vs. Nitrogen

Flare

System

SMR vs. Nitrogen

Refrigerant

Storage

Electric Motor Driven

Gas Turbine Driven

Refrigerant Comp. Driver


OTHER CAPEX REDUCTION CONSIDERATIONS

Skid-Mounting

vs. Stick Building

Pipe Rack

vs.

Sleepers

Minimum

Area Paving


• In SSLNG owners tend to prioritize lower CapEx over minimizing OpEx

• N2 Cycle technology offers overall CapEx benefits for Small-Scale LNG

• N2 Cycle Liquefaction provides greater simplicity of operation

• No ONE-SIZE-FITS-ALL solution for SSLNG Feed Gas Pre-Treatment

SUMMARY


• Plant Design Considerations for Small-Scale LNG Plants, Dipanjan Bhattacharya & Jason Yong (Kiewit), Scott Trautmann (APCI). Submitted for publication in LNG Industry Journal, June 2016.

• Small-Scale LNG 2012-2015 Triennium Work Report June 2015, International Gas Union

REFERENCES


QUESTIONS

TOM MARAMBAProcess Engineering Dept. Manager

KIEWIT ENGINEERING & DESIGN CO.3831 Technology Forest Blvd. The Woodlands, TX [email protected]

SHILPA DUBEYProcess Engineering


DIPANJAN BHATTACHARYAManager of Technology


BILL SCHAEFERSr. Process Engineering Manager

KIEWIT POWER & ENERGY9401 Renner Blvd. Lenexa, KS [email protected]